Biological Sciences, Division of

Courses

For course descriptions not found in the 2008-2009 General Catalog, please contact the division for more information.

Note: The division will endeavor to offer many of the courses as outlined below; however, unforeseen circumstances sometimes mandate a change of scheduled offerings. Students are strongly advised to check the Schedule of Classes or with the division’s Student Affairs Office (1128 Pacific Hall) to obtain current information. Courses required for the major may be scheduled on the same day and/or same time. This is of particular importance in planning schedules for graduation requirements.

Students who have satisfied the prerequisites for courses at another college or by AP credit may need to be pre-authorized to register for the course. Please come to the Biology Student Affairs Office before your registration time to be authorized. If the class is full please place your name on the waitlist and attend the first class meeting.

Students who do not attend the first thirty minutes of the first scheduled meeting (be it lab or lecture) will be considered not enrolled in the course and may be administratively dropped. Prior written notification to the instructor regarding an anticipated absence may ensure a space. However, responsibility for officially dropping the lab from the registrar’s records belongs to the student.

IF A STUDENT DROPS A LAB COURSE AFTER THE END OF THE SECOND SESSION, THE DIVISION WILL REPORT A “W” FOR THE COURSE.    

Lower-Division

BILD 1. The Cell (4)     An introduction to cellular structure and function, to biological molecules, bioenergetics, to the genetics of both procaryotic and eucaryotic organisms, and to the elements of molecular biology. Three hours of lecture and one hour of recitation. Prerequisite: Chem. 6A; Chem. 6B may be taken concurrently.

BILD 2. Multicellular Life (4)     An introduction to the development and the physiological processes of plants and animals. Included are treatments of reproduction, nutrition, respiration, transport systems, regulation of the internal environment, the nervous system, and behavior. Three hours of lecture and one hour of recitation. Prerequisite: BILD 1.

BILD 3. Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (4)     The first principles of evolutionary theory, classification, ecology, and behavior; a phylogenetic synopsis of the major groups of organisms from viruses to primates. Prerequisite: none. (Note: E.B.E. majors should complete this course during their first year at UCSD.)

BILD 7. The Beginning of Life (4)     An introduction to the basic principles of plant and animal development, emphasizing the similar strategies by which diverse organisms develop. Practical applications of developmental principles as well as ethical considerations arising from these technologies will be discussed. Prerequisite: none.

BILD 10. Fundamental Concepts of Modern Biology (4)     An introduction to the biochemistry and genetics of cells and organisms; illustrations are drawn from microbiology and human biology. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. This course is designed for non-biology students and does not satisfy a lower-division requirement for any biology major. Note: Students may not receive credit for BILD 10 after receiving credit for BILD 1.

BILD 12. Neurobiology and Behavior (4)     An introduction to the organization and functions of the nervous system; topics include molecular, cellular, developmental, systems, and behavioral neurobiology. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. This course is designed for non-biology students and does not satisfy a lower-divison requirement for any biology major.

BILD 16. History of Life (4)     Life has a very long history on earth and this course will chronicle patterns of biological diversity from its origin over 3 billion years ago to the present day. Topics covered will include methods for reconstructing the history of life on this planet, the origin and evolution of major groups of plants and animals, dinosaur paleobiology, past environmental changes and their effects on species and communities, and extinctions. We will also explore how insights from the past can be used to understand how present and future environmental changes will impact biological diversity. This course is designed for non-biology majors.

BILD 18. Human Impact on the Environment (4)    Course will focus on issues such as global warming, species extinction, and human impact on the oceans and forests. History and scientific projections will be examined in relation to these events. Possible solutions to these worldwide processes and a critical assessment of their causes and consequences will be covered. Prerequisite: none.

BILD 20. Human Genetics in Modern Society (4)     Fundamentals of human genetics and introduction to modern genetic technology such as gene cloning and DNA finger printing. Applications of these techniques, such as forensic genetics, genetic screening, and genetic engineering. Social impacts and ethical implications of these applications. This course is designed for non-biology students and does not satisfy a lower-division requirement for any biology major. Note: Students may not receive credit for BILD 20 after receiving credit for BICD 100.

BILD 22. Human Nutrition (4)     A survey of our understanding of the basic chemistry and biology of human nutrition; discussions of all aspects of food: nutritional value, diet, nutritional diseases, public health, and public policy. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. This course is designed for non-biology students and does not satisfy a lower-division requirement for any biology major. Note: Students may not receive credit for BILD 22 after receiving credit for BIBC 120.

BILD 24. Biology of Human Reproduction (4)     The topics covered are: sexual development in embryo and fetus, the nature and regulation of changes at puberty, the functioning of the mature sexual system. This course is designed for non-biology students and does not satisfy a lower-division requirement for any biology major. Note: Students may not receive credit for BILD 24 after receiving credit for BICD 134.

BILD 26. Human Physiology (4)     Introduction to the elements of human physiology and the functioning of the various organ systems. The course presents a broad, yet detailed, analysis of human physiology, with particular emphasis towards understanding disease processes. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. This course is designed for non-biology students and does not satisfy a lower-division requirement for any biology major.

BILD 30. The Biology of Plagues: Past and Present (4)     An introduction to diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites, and the impact of these diseases on human society. Topics include the biology of infectious disease, epidemiology, and promising new methods to fight disease. Three hours of lecture and one hour discussion. This course is designed for non-biology majors and does not satisfy a lower-division requirement for any biology major. (Note: Students may not receive credit for BILD 30 after receiving credit for BIMM 120.)

BILD 32. Biomedicine/Cancer (4)     An introduction to molecular, cellular, and immunological aspects of cancer and a consideration of the sociological and psychological impact of cancer on the individual and general society. This course is designed for non-biology students and does not satisfy a lower-division requirement for any biology major. (Note: Students may not receive credit for BILD 32 after receiving credit for BIMM 134.)

BILD 36. AIDS Science and Society (4)     An introduction to all aspects of the AIDS epidemic. Topics include the epidemiology, biology, and clinical aspects of HIV infection; HIV testing; education and approaches to therapy; and the social, political, and legal impacts of AIDS on the individual and society. Students may not receive credit for BILD 36 after receiving credit for BICD 136.

BILD 87. Freshman Seminar (1)     The freshman seminar program is designed to provide new students with the opportunity to explore an intellectual topic with a faculty member in a small seminar setting. Freshmen seminars are offered in all campus departments and undergraduate colleges, and topics vary from quarter to quarter. Enrollment is limited to fifteen to twenty students, with preference given to entering freshmen.

BILD 90. Undergraduate Seminar (1)     This seminar is restricted to lower-division undergraduate students (freshmen and sophomores). The course introduces current biological topics. The topics vary with instructors and for each quarter. Examples of topics which may be discussed are: wildlife conservation, signalling within and between cells, mapping the human genome, etc. This course does not satisfy any requirement for the biology major, biology minor, or college general/education.

BILD 92. Professional Topics (1)     This seminar will introduce students to the various subdisciplines and their research methodology in the biological sciences. Emphasis will be on bioinformatics, neurophysiology, and biotechnology. Current research topics in the specialized areas in academe and industry will be discussed. The role and professional identity of biologists in research, consulting, government, management, and teaching will be reviewed. In addition, issues surrounding professional ethics will be discussed.

BILD 94. Professional Issues in Bioinformatics (1)     This seminar will introduce undergraduate students, especially freshmen and sophomores, to a variety of issues and topics in the field of bioinformatics.

BILD 95. Undergraduate Workshops (1)     The workshops will be restricted to lower-division undergraduates. The course will introduce students to the methods of scientific research and to a variety of research topics in the biological/biomedical sciences. Examples of topics are: Introduction to Scientific Research, AIDS, Medical and Social Aspects, Is the Mind the Same as the Brain, Wildlife Conservation.

BILD 99. Independent Research (2 or 4)    Independent research by special arrangement with a faculty member. (P/NP grades only.) Students must have an overall UCSD GPA of at least 3.0 and a minimum of thirty units complete. Students must complete a “Special Studies” form and a Division of Biological Sciences “Research Plan.” Credit may not be received for a course numbered 99 subsequent to receiving credit for a course numbered 199.

Upper-Division

Biochemistry

BIBC 100. Structural Biochemistry (4)     The structure and function of biomolecules. Includes protein conformation, dynamics, and function; enzymatic catalysis, enzyme kinetics, and allosteric regulation; lipids and membranes; sugars and polysaccarides; and nucleic acids. Three hours of lecture and one hour of recitation. Prerequisite: Chem. 140A; Chem. 140B may be taken concurrently. (Note: Students may not receive credit for both BIBC 100 and Chem. 114A.)

BIBC 102. Metabolic Biochemistry (4)     Energy-producing pathways–glycolysis, the TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, photosynthesis, and fatty acid oxidation; and biosynthetic pathways–gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, and fatty acid biosynthesis. Nitrogen metabolism, urea cycle, amino acid metabolism, neucleotide metabolism, and metabolism of macromolecules. Three hours lecture and one hour recitation. Prerequisite: Chem. 140A; Chem. 140B may be taken concurrently. (Note: Students may not receive credit for both BIBC 102 and Chem. 114B.)

BIBC 103. Biochemical Techniques (4)     Introductory laboratory course in current principles and techniques applicable to research problems in biochemistry and molecular biology. Techniques include protein and nucleic acid purification; identification methods such as centrifugation, chromatography, and electrophoresis; immunological, spectrophotometric, and enzymatic methods. Prerequisite: BILD 1. Students may not receive credit for BIBC 103 after taking Chem. 112A.

BIBC 104. Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Plants (4)    The biochemical and molecular basis of plant genetic engineering to understand modern approaches to crop improvement. Prerequisites: BILD 1; Chem 140A. BIBC 102 and Chem 140B may be taken concurrently.

BIBC 105. Signal Transduction Laboratory (6)     A laboratory course involving the application of molecular, cellular, and biochemical techniques to explore signal transduction mechanisms in mammalian cells. The events between ligand-biding to a cell surface receptor and activation of gene transcription in the nucleus will be studied. Prerequisites: BIBC 100, BIBC 103 and BIMM 100.

BIBC 110. Physical Biochemistry (4)     The theory and applications of physical chemistry to biological molecules, process and systems and techniques used in biochemistry and physiology. Topics include reversible and irreversible thermodynamics, bioenergetics, energy coupling and transduction, solutions of macromolecules, sedimention, chromatography, electrophoresis, passive and active membrane transport, spectroscopy, and chemical kinetics. Three hours of lecture and one hour of recitation. Prerequisites: calculus and organic chemistry.

BIBC 115. Computer Programming in Biology (4)     Use of computer programming in the analysis and presentation of biological data (computation of best value and standard deviation, histogram, least squares fitting procedure, simulation of genetic experiments, etc.) Students learn the C++ computer language and run their programs at the Computer Center. There are some visits to laboratories and hospitals to see applications of computers in biology and medicine. Three hours of lecture and about ten hours of homework per week; limited enrollment. Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. (Note: Students may not receive credit for both BIBC 115 and Chem. 134.)

BIBC 116. Evolution of Genes and Proteins (4)     The history of an organism can be found in its genome. Analyses of the primary sequences will be used to recognize families of genes that arose by duplication and divergence. Topics include comparisons of amino acid sequences and three dimensional structures and range from the oldest and most widely distributed proteins to modem mosaics. Where possible, specific motifs and folds will be traced to their ancestral beginnings. Prerequisites: BIBC 100, BIMM 100.

BIBC 120. Nutrition (4)    Elaborates the relationship between diet and human metabolism, physiology, health, and disease. Covers the functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals, and discusses dietary influences on cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. Prerequisite: BIBC 102.

BIBC 130 Marine Biochemistry (4)     Biochemical mechanisms of adaptation in organisms to the marine environment. Special emphasis will be on the effects of pressure, temperature, salinity, oxygen, and light on the physiology and biochemistry. Prerequisite: BIBC 102 or consent of instructor.

Genetics, Cellular and Developmental Biology of Plants and Animals

BICD 100. Genetics (4)     An introduction to the principles of heredity in diploid organisms, fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Mendelian inheritance; population genetics; quantitative genetics; linkage; sex determination; meiotic behavior of chromosome aberrations, gene structure, regulation, and replication; genetic code. Three hours of lecture and one hour of recitation. Prerequisite: BILD 1 or the equivalent.

BICD 101. Eucaryotic Genetics Laboratory (4)     This course emphasizes the principles of Mendelian inheritance and requires the student to apply both cytological and genetic analysis to the solution of problems in transmission genetics. One hour of lecture and seven hours of laboratory. Prerequisite: BICD 100. Attendance at the first lecture/lab is required. Non-attendance will result in the student’s being dropped from the course roster. It is the student’s responsibility to officially drop the course.

BICD 110. Cell Biology (4)     The structure and function of cells and cell organelles, cell growth and division, motility, cell differentiation and specialization. Three hours of lecture and one hour of recitation. Prerequisites: BIBC 100 or BIBC 102, and BICD 100.

BICD 111. Cell Biology Laboratory (6)     A laboratory course in the application of cellular techniques to biological problems. The establishment, growth, transformation, immortalization, and senescence of mammalian cells will be studied at the molecular and the cellular level. Ten hours of laboratory. In addition to the formal lab hours listed above, there will be an average of two hours in which students will be required to work in the class laboratory to complete experiments and prepare for presentations. Prerequisite: BICD 110 (may be taken concurrently); BIBC 103 is strongly recommended. Attendance at the first lecture/lab is required. Nonattendance will result in the student’s being dropped from the course roster.

BICD 118. Pathways of Intracellular Protein Trafficking and Compartmentation (4)     This course will focus on various subcellular organelles, their function, protein traffic, disulfide bond formation, protein folding, assembly of macromolecular complexes, protein quality control, and cellular responses to misfolded proteins. The emphasis will be on experimental approaches and model systems for the analyses of these problems, and on the connection of these topics to human disease. Three hours of lecture and one hour of mandatory discussion of primary publications per week. Open to upper-division students only. Prerequisites: BICD 110 and BIMM 100.

BICD 120. Fundamentals of Plant Biology (4)     An introduction to the biology of plants. Basic principles of plant anatomy, physiology, development, and diversity are covered as well as specialized topics, including plant genetic engineering, plant disease and stress, medicinal plants, plants and the environment, and sustainable agriculture. Prerequisites: BILD 1 and 2.

BICD 122. Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology (4)     The cellular and molecular basis of plant development, including plant hormones, signal transduction mechanisms, light and plant growth, plant microorganism interaction, plant transformation, genetic engineering of plants. Prerequisite: BIBC 102 required.

BICD 123. Plant Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory (6)     Techniques in plant cell and tissue culture, plant transformation, genetic selection and screening of mutants, host pathogen interactions, gene regulation, organelle isolation, membrane transport. Two hours of lecture and eight hours of laboratory each week. In addition to the formal lab hours, there will be at least eight hours in which students will be required to work in the class laboratory to complete experiments and prepare for presentations. Prerequisite: upper-division standing; BICD 120 strongly recommended. Attendance at the first lecture/lab is required. Nonattendance will result in the student’s being dropped from the course roster.

BICD 130. Embryos, Genes, and Development (4)     Developmental biology of animals at the tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. Basic processes of embryogenesis in a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate organisms. Cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie cell fate determination and cell differentiation. More advanced topics such as pattern formation and sex determination are discussed. Open to upper-division students only. Three hours of lecture and one hour of recitation. Prerequisites: BICD 100, upper-division standing, BIBC 100 or BIBC 102; BICD 110 strongly recommended, BIMM 100 strongly recommended.

BICD 131. Embryology Laboratory (6)     Descriptive and experimental embryology of marine invertebrates and of vertebrates. One and one-half hours of lecture and ten hours of laboratory each week. In addition to the formal lab hours, there will be at least six and a half hours in which students will be required to work in the class laboratory to complete experiments and prepare for presentations. Prerequisites: BILD 1; BILD 2 or BIPN 100. Attendance at the first lecture/lab is required. Nonattendance will result in the student’s being dropped from the course roster.

BICD 134. Human Reproduction and Development (4)     This course is addressed to the development of the human sexual system, including gametogenesis, fertilization, and embryo implantation. Emphasis is placed on the physiology of reproductive functions. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. Prerequisites: BIBC 102 and BICD 100.

BICD 136. AIDS Science and Society (4)     An introduction to all aspects of the AIDS epidemic. Topics will include the epidemiology, biology, and clinical aspects of HIV infection, HIV testing, education and approaches to therapy, and the social, political, and legal impacts of AIDS on the individual and society. In order to count for their major, biology majors must take the upper-division course, BICD 136. Prerequisites: BILD 1, BILD 2 recommended.

BICD 140. Immunology (4)     Formation and function of the mammalian immune system, molecular and cellular basis of the immune response, infectious diseases and autoimmunity. Prerequisites: BICD 100, BIMM 100. BIBC 100 recommended.

BICD 142. Topics in Immunology (4)     This course covers selected topics in molecular and cellular immunology at a more advanced level, and is a sequel to Immunology (BICD 140). Prerequisites: BICD 140 and upper-division standing.

BICD 145. Laboratory in Molecular Medicine (4)     This course focuses upon a molecular and immunological approach to study problems in modern medical research. The emphasis will be on novel approaches in medicine, including lymphocyte biology, cancer biology, and gene transfer. Prerequisites: BIBC 103, BIMM 100. Attendance at the first lecture/lab is required. Nonattendance will result in the student’s being dropped from the course roster.

BICD 150. Endocrinology (4)     Normal function and diseases of the major hormone systems of the body including the hypothalamus/pituitary axis, the thyroid gland, reproduction and sexual development, metabolism and the pancreas, bone and calcium metabolism, and the adrenal glands. Prerequisite: BIPN 100 (may be taken concurrently).

BICD 162. Critical Reading and Writing in the Biological Sciences (4)     Primary literature readings in the field of cell transport on how to approach a scientific paper, how to interpret results, and how to write a paper that summarizes scientific research. Prerequisites: Chem. 140A, 140B; either BIBC 100 or BIBC 102; BIMM 100; BICD 110 is recommended; one laboratory course (BIBC 103 or BIMM 101 or BIMM 121 or BIPN 105) or other example of research experience (BISP 199 or research experience in industry).

BICD 170. Topics in Human Genetics (4)     An advanced course covering aspects of human genetics in detail and using papers from the scientific literature as the major source of information. A review of basic genetics as applied to the human species is followed by the consideration of recent genetic insights into a number of human conditions which illustrate the principles covered in the first part of the course. Prerequisite: BICD 100 (may not be taken concurrently), BIMM 100 is strongly recommended.

BICD 180. Genetics of Model Organisms (4)     Survey of various organisms used in current biological/biomedical research. Biology faculty experts discuss organisms used in their research, outline history as genetic models, tools used for laboratory study, and contributions to the wider understanding of biological systems. Prerequisite: BICD 100.

Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution

BIEB 100. Biometry (4)     Application of statistics in biological problems. Topics: parametric statistics, (t-test, correlation, regression, ANOVA), non-parametric statistics resampling methods, experimental design. Mandatory homework to apply theory using statistical Macintosh-based programs. Instructor conducts mandatory two-hour discussion session in computer lab. Three hours of lecture and two hours of laboratory section. Prerequisite: BILD 3 recommended.

BIEB 102. Introductory Ecology-Organisms and Habitat (4)     This course emphasizes principles shaping organisms, habitats, and ecosystems. Topics covered include population regulation, physiological ecology, competition, predation, and human exploitation. This will be an empirical look at general principles in ecology and conservation with emphasis on the unique organisms and habitats of California. Prerequisite: BILD 3 or equivalent.

BIEB 110. Vertebrate Biology (4)     Course will introduce students to the natural history of turtles, lizards, snakes, birds, and terrestrial and marine mammals from both an ecological and evolutionary perspective. Students will conduct an independent field project. One field trip required. Prerequisite: BILD 3. BILD 1 or 2 recommended.

BIEB 121. Ecology Laboratory (6)     A laboratory course to familiarize students with ecological problem solving and methods. Sections will use the Macintosh computer and also perform outdoor field work. Two hours of lecture and eight hours of laboratory each week. In addition to the formal lab hours, there will be at least nine hours in which students will be required to work in the class laboratory to complete experiments and prepare for presentations. Prerequisite: BIEB 100.

BIEB 123. Molecular Methods in Ecology and Evolution Lab (4)     Theory and practice of molecular biology techniques used in ecological and evolutionary research. Includes isolation of DNA and RNA, PCR and its applications, DNA sequencing, gene expression analysis, bioinformatics, and ecological and evolutionary analysis of molecular data. Students may not enroll in or receive credit for both BIMM 101 and BIEB 123. Prerequisite: BILD 3.

BIEB 126. Plant Ecology (4)     This course begins with an introduction to plant population biology including whole-plant growth and physiology. We then focus on three classes of ecological interactions: plant-plant competition, plant-herbivore coevolution, and plant reproductive ecology including animal pollination and seed dispersal. Prerequisite: BILD 3.

BIEB 128. Insect Ecology (4)    This course begins with a survey of insect diversity and phylogenetic relationships. We then address ecological issues including thermal ecology, population dynamics (including outbreaks), movement and migration, competition, predation, herbivory, parasitism, insect defense, mimicry complexes, and sociality. Prerequisite: BILD 3 or equivalent.

BIEB 131. Marine Invertebrate Ecology Laboratory (6)     A laboratory course introducing students to marine ecology. Students will participate in outdoor fieldwork and work in the laboratory gathering and analyzing ecological data. We will focus on ecological communities in estuary, sandy beach, and rocky intertidal habitats. Two hours of lecture and eight hours of laboratory each week. In addition to the formal lab hours, there will be at least nine hours in which students will be required to work in the class laboratory to complete experiments and prepare for presentations. Prerequisites: BILD 3; BIEB 100.

BIEB 132. Introduction to Marine Biology (4)    Overview of marine organisms and their adaptations to sea life. Selected examples of physiological, behavioral, and evolutionary adaptations in response to the unique challenges of a maritime environment. Prerequisite: BILD 3.

BIEB 134. Introduction to Biological Oceanography (4)    Basis for understanding the ecology of marine communities. The approach is process-oriented, focusing on major functional groups of organisms, their food-web interactions and community responses to environmental forcing, and contemporary issues in human and climate influences. Prerequisite: upper-division standing; BILD 3 is recommended.

BIEB 136. Ichthyology (4)    Course will study aspects of the biology of fishes from all over the world, from the crushing pressure of the deep sea to the chilling temperatures of Antarctic waters. Students will learn about form/function that allow fishes to thrive in diverse marine environments. Students will conduct an independent field project. Field trips may be required. Prerequisite: BILD 3 recommended.

BIEB 140. Biodiversity (4)     An introduction to the patterns of geographic distribution and natural history of plants and animals living in terrestrial and marine ecosystems. We will explore: ecological and evolutionary processes responsible for generating and maintaining biological diversity; and the nature of extinction both in past and present ecosystem. Prerequisite: BILD 3.

BIEB 144. Quantitative Ecology and Conservation (4)     Introduction to mathematical and statistical tools for prediction of deterministic and stochastic ecological systems, including age-structured population growth; population regulation; interspecific interaction; species diversity. Conservation biology topics include sustainable harvesting; metapopulation dynamics; extinction; case studies of endangered species. Prerequisite: BILD 3; BIEB 100 and BIEB 102 recommended.

BIEB 145. Spatial Analyses in Ecology and Conservation (4)    Course familiarizes students with the concept and application of geographic analyses in biology and, specifically, the use of GIS as analytical tool. Example studies will be performed that range from global ecology to conservation in San Diego county. Prerequisite: BILD 3, BIEB 100, BIEB 102.  

BIEB 150. Evolution (4)     Evolutionary processes are discussed in their genetic, historical, and ecological contexts. Microevolution, speciation, macroevolution, and the evolution of adaptations. Three hours of lecture and one hour of recitation. Prerequisite: BILD 3.

BIEB 154. Molecular Evolution (4)     This course deals with the evolution of genes and the molecules they encode. The role of mutation, selection, and drift at the molecular level are discussed. Molecular phylogenies, jumping genes, viral evolution, and searches for molecular homologies are a few of the topics covered. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. Prerequisites: BIBC 102, BICD 100, and BIMM 100 recommended.

BIEB 156. Population Genetics (4)     Course on empirical and theoretical population genetics. The goal is to review basic models of population genetics, empirical tests of these models and gain intuitions about the population-level processes underlying genome evolution, phenotypic change and the origin of new species. A working knowledge of basic molecular genetics, algebra, and statistics is assumed. Prerequisite: BICD 100.

BIEB 164. Behavioral Ecology (4)     A survey of the patterns of social behavior in animals and a discussion of the ecological principles underlying the evolution of animal societies. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. Prerequisite: BILD 3 recommended.

BIEB 165. Behavioral Ecology Laboratory (6)     This course will deal with quantitative methods for the study of animal social behaviors. Topics include spatial patterns, mating systems, and cooperation. The course includes both lab exercises and field trips. Two hours of lecture and eight hours of laboratory each week. In addition to the formal lab hours, there will be at least nine hours in which students will be required to work in the class laboratory to complete experiments and prepare for presentations. Prerequisites: BIEB 100 and BIEB 164. (BIEB 164 may be taken concurrently.)

BIEB 166. Animal Behavior and Communication (4)     An integrated approach to animal behavior focusing on mechanisms of acoustic, visual, and olfactory communication. Course covers ethology and the genetics and neurobiology of behavior; orientation and navigation; and signal origins, properties, design, and evolution. Prerequisite: BILD 3.

BIEB 167. Animal Communication Laboratory (6)     Laboratory exercises will introduce students to quantitative methods of visual, auditory, and olfactory signal analysis and to lab and field studies of animal signaling. Two hours of lecture and eight hours of laboratory each week. In addition to the formal lab hours, there will be at least nine hours in which students will be required to work in the class laboratory to complete experiments and prepare for presentations. Prerequisites: BIEB 100 and BIEB 166. (BIEB 166 may be taken concurrently.)

BIEB 176. Conservation and the Human Predicament (4)     (Cross-listed with ANTH/BIO 132; however, biology majors must take the course as Biology 176.) An interdisciplinary discussion of the human predicament, the biodiversity crisis, and the importance of biological and environmental conservation in sustaining future societies. We explore the consequences of habitat destruction and species extinctions on the biosphere and human welfare. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. Prerequisites: upper-division standing and BILD 3 or consent of instructor.

Molecular Biology, Microbiology

BIMM 100. Molecular Biology (4)     Molecular basis of biological processes, emphasizing gene action in context of entire genome. Chromosomes and DNA metabolism: chromatin, DNA replication, repair, mutation, recombination, transposition. Transcription, protein synthesis, regulation of gene activity. Procaryotes and eucaryotes Prerequisites: BIBC 100 or BIBC 102, BICD 100. (Note: Students may not receive credit for both BIMM 100 and Chem. 114C.)

BIMM 101. Recombinant DNA Techniques (4)     Theory and practice of recombinant DNA and molecular biology techniques. Includes construction and screening of DNA libraries, DNA sequencing, PCR and its applications, bioinformatics, and RNA analysis. Prerequisite: BICD 100. Attendance at the first lecture/lab is required. Nonattendance will result in the student’s being dropped from the course roster. Note: Students may not enroll in or receive credit for both BIMM 101 and BIEB 123, or BIMM 101 and Chem. 112B.

BIMM 103. Modern Techniques in Molecular Biology (4)     This course focuses upon a combined biochemical and molecular genetic approach to study current biological problems. Techniques include amplification of rare nucleic acids with the polymerase chain reaction, purification and characterization of a eukaryotic protein expressed in bacteria, in vitro mutagenesis of DNA. One hour of lecture and eleven hours of laboratory. Prerequisites: BIBC 103, BIMM 100. Attendance at the first lecture/lab is required. Nonattendance will result in the student’s being dropped from the course roster. It is the student’s responsibility to officially drop the course.

BIMM 108. Chromatin Structure and Dynamics (4) Chromatin is the natural state of DNA in the eukaryotic nucleus. Chromatin structure, nucleosome assembly, chromatin remodeling by ATP-dependent motor proteins, histone modifications and the histone code, heterochromatin, and the influence of chromatin upon DNA-directed processes in the nucleus will be discussed. Prerequisite: BIMM 100.

BIMM 110. Molecular Basis of Human Disease (4)     An examination of the molecular basis of human diseases. Course emphasizes inherited human disorders, and some important diseases caused by viruses. Focus on the application of genetic, biochemical, and molecular biological principles to an understanding of the diseases. Three hours of lecture. Course restricted to upper-division biology majors. Prerequisites: BICD 100; BIBC 102; BIMM 100.

BIMM 112. Regulation of Gene Activity in Eucaryotic Cells (4)     This course explores problems in the regulation of gene activity in eucaryotic cells approached at the molecular level. The course includes the organization, structure, transcription, and regulation of eucaryotic genes; mechanism of hormonal regulation in controlling gene activity; induction of gene expression in eucaryotic cells; role of signal transduction in controlling gene expression; and regulation of gene activity during differentiation in developing systems. Examples are taken from eucaryotic microorganisms, invertebrates, as well as mammalian and other vertebrate systems. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. Prerequisite: BIMM 100.

BIMM 114. Virology (4)     An introduction to eucaryotic virology, with emphasis on animal virus systems. Topics discussed include the molecular structure of viruses; the multiplication strategies of the major virus families; and viral latency, persistence, and oncology. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. Prerequisite: BIMM 100.

BIMM 116. Circadian Rhythms—Biological Clocks (4)    (Cross-listed with Psyc; however, biology majors must take the course as BIMM 116.) Examples and fundamental properties of the daily biological clock in humans, animals, and microbes. Experimental approaches employed to understand how organisms keep time and how this applies to human health. Prerequisite: BILD 1 or Psych. 106 or consent of instructor.

BIMM 118. Pharmacology (4)    Basics of pharmacology such as drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Concepts in toxicology and pharmacognosy are used to survey the major drug categories. Prerequisites: BIBC 100 or BIBC 102; BIPN 100.

BIMM 120. Bacteriology (4)     A discussion of the structure, growth, molecular genetics, and physiology of procaryotic microorganisms, with emphasis on the diverse activities of bacteria and on the interaction of various bacterial species with their environment. Three hours of lecture and one hour recitation. Prerequisites: Chem. 140A; Chem. 140B; BIBC 100 or BIBC 102 (may be taken concurrently).

BIMM 121. Laboratory in Microbiology (4)     This course emphasizes fundamental principles of microbiology. Studies with bacteria include comparative morphology and physiology; pure culture techniques; bacterial growth; and bacteriophage infection, replication, and release. Additional studies include antibiotics, the use of bio-assays, and the behavior of natural microbial communities. Prerequisite: BIMM 120. Attendance at the first lecture/lab is required. Nonattendance will result in the student’s being dropped from the course roster.

BIMM 122. Microbial Genetics (4)     Organization and function of procaryotic genetic systems including sex factors, transduction, transformation, phage genetics, transposons, genetic engineering. Three hours of lecture. Prerequisites: BIMM 100, BICD 100, or consent of instructor.

BIMM 124. Medical Microbiology (4)     This course covers basic principles and detailed aspects of microbial infectious diseases. Biochemical properties underlying microbial spread, host antimicrobial and inflammatory response, immunity, and recovery are emphasized. Emphasis is placed upon viral and bacterial diseases, including molecular principles of pathogenesis, of host immune responses, of drug resistance, and of viral and plasmid replication. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. Prerequisites: BIMM 100 and 120, BICD 140 is recommended.

BIMM 126. Marine Microbiology (4)     The role of microorganisms in the oceans: metabolic diversity, methods in marine microbiology, interactions of microbes with other microbes, plants and animals, biogeochemical cycling, pollution and water quality, microbe-mineral interactions, extremophiles. Prerequisite: BIBC 102 and BIMM 120 recommended.

BIMM 127. Marine Microbiology Laboratory (4)     Techniques and theory in environmental microbiology. Students perform experiments concerning a) enrichment, enumeration, and identification and b) metabolic and physiochemical adaptations, along with an independent project. Graduate students submit an additional report and take a modified final exam. Prerequisite: upper-division standing.

BIMM 130. Microbial Physiology (4)     Prokaryotic microbial physiology will be discussed primarily from a biochemical standpoint with emphasis on mechanism. Topics will vary from year to year but will include the following themes: Central metabolism, bioenergetics, biosynthesis, regulation, differentiation, prokaryotic structure-function relationships. Prerequisite: BIBC 100 or BIBC 102 or equivalent.

BIMM 132. Molecular Biology of Human Retroviruses (4)     Replication cycle and gene regulation of HIV. Molecular approaches to therapy and vaccines. Three hours of lecture. Prerequisite: BIMM 100.

BIMM 134. Biology of Cancer (4)     This course covers basic processes of transformation and tumor formation in a two-part format. The first section is focused on molecular and cellular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The second section discusses tumor pathology and metastasis. Open to upper-division students only. Prerequisites: BICD 110 and BIMM 100.

BIMM 140. Introduction to Bioinformatics (4)     Introduction to basic methods used in bioinformatics and computational biology. Survey of methods used in computational analysis of DNA such as sequence assembly, sequence comparison, gene modeling, and sequence databases. Survey methods used in the computational analysis of protein sequences such as alignments, motif and pattern recognition, family classification, and protein structure prediction. Survey of organismic database methods. Emphasis is on a broad survey of current approaches with an introduction to statistical and computational techniques for analyzing, comparing, and validating methods. Prerequisites: BIBC 100 or 102, BIMM 100, and BICD 100. (BIMM 100 may be taken concurrently.)

BIMM 141. Bioinformatics Laboratory (4)     Laboratory course giving hands-on exposure to topics covered in BIMM 140. Survey of methods used in computational analysis of DNA such as sequence assembly, sequence comparison, gene modeling, and sequence databases. Survey of methods used in the computational analysis of protein sequences such as alignments, motif and pattern recognition, family classification, and protein structure prediction. Prerequisites: BIBC 100 or 102, BIMM 100, BICD 100, and BIMM 140.

BIMM 150. Post-Genomics Biology (2)     This course will focus on large-scale analysis of post-genomics biological systems. Students will be introduced to methods for analyzing changes in gene expression, identifying protein-protein interactions, screening for pathway inhibitors, characterizing multiprotein complexes, and probing protein localization and function. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

BIMM 162. 3D Electron Microscopy of Macromolecules (4)     Biological macromolecules and supramolecular complexes as well as organelles, and small cells are being examined in three-dimensions by modern electron cryomicroscopy and image reconstruction techniques. The basic principles of transmission electron microscopy and 3D image reconstruction are discussed. Prerequisites: Physics 1A and 1B and 1C or Physics 2A and 2B and 2D.

BIMM 181. Molecular Sequence Analysis (4)     This course covers the analysis of nucleic acid and protein sequences, with an emphasis on the application of algorithms to biological problems. Topics include sequence alignments, database searching, comparative genomics, and phylogenetic and clustering analyses. Pairwise alignment, multiple alignment, DNA sequencing, scoring functions, fast database search, comparative genomics, clustering, phylogenetic trees, gene finding/DNA statistics. This course open to bioinformatics majors only. Prerequisites: CSE 100 or Math. 176, CSE 101 or Math. 188, BIMM 100 or Chem. 114C.

BIMM 182. Biological Databases (4)     This course provides an introduction to the features of biological data, how that data are organized efficiently in databases, and how existing data resources can be utilized to solve a variety of biological problems. Relational databases, object oriented databases, ontologies, data modeling and description, survey of current biological database with respect to above, implementation of database focused on a biological topic. This course open to bioinformatics majors only. Prerequisite: CSE 100 or Math 176.

BIMM 184. Computational Molecular Biology (4)     This advanced course covers the application of machine learning and modeling techniques to biological systems. Topics include gene structure, recognition of DNA and protein sequence patterns, classification, and protein structure prediction. Pattern discovery, hidden Markov models/support vector machines/ neural network/profiles, protein structure prediction, functional characterization or proteins, functional genomics/proteomics, metabolic pathways/gene networks. This course open to bioinformatics majors only. Prerequisite: BIMM 181 or BENG 181 or CSE 181, BIMM 182 or BENG 182 or CSE 182 or Chem. 182. Bioinformatics majors only.

BIMM 185. Bioinformatics Laboratory (Advanced) (4)     This course emphasizes the hands-on application of bioinformatics methods to biological problems. Students will gain experience in the application of existing software, as well as in combining approaches to answer specific biological questions. Sequence alignment, fast database search, profiles and motifs, comparative genomics, gene finding, phylogenetic trees, protein structure, functional characterization of proteins, expression anaylysis, computational proteomics. This course open to bioinformatics majors only. Prerequisite: two courses out of: BIMM 181 or BENG 181 or CSE 181, BIMM 182 or BENG 182 or CSE 182, BENG 183, BIMM 184 or BENG 184 or CSE 184.

Animal Physiology and Neuroscience

BIPN 100. Mammalian Physiology I (4)     This course introduces the concepts of physiological regulation, controlled and integrated by the nervous and endocrine systems. It then examines the muscular, cardiovascular, and renal systems in detail and considers their control through the interaction of nervous activity and hormones. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. Prerequisites: BILD 1; BILD 2.

BIPN 102. Mammalian Physiology II (4)     This course completes a survey of organ systems begun in BIPN 100 by considering the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Consideration is given to interactions of these systems in weight and temperature regulation, exercise physiology, stress, and pregnancy and reproduction. Three hours of lecture and one hour of section per week. Prerequisite: BIPN 100; BIBC 102 may be taken concurrently.

BIPN 105. Animal Physiology Lab (6)     Experiments are performed on membrane physiology; nerve muscle function; cardiovascular physiology; respiratory, gastrointestinal and renal physiology. Subjects include experimental animals and humans. Prerequisite: BIPN 100 (may be taken concurrently). Three hours of lecture and ten hours of laboratory each week. In addition to the formal lab hours, there will be at least eight hours in which students will be required to work in the class laboratory to complete experiments and prepare for presentations. Attendance at the first lecture/lab is required. Nonattendance will result in the student’s being dropped from the course roster.

BIPN 106. Comparative Physiology (4)     This course examines the physiological adaptation of animals, invertebrates and vertebrates, to their particular environmental and behavioral niches. Structural, functional, and molecular adaptions of the basic organ systems are discussed. Prerequisites: BILD 2, Chem. 6A-B-C. BILD 3 is recommended.

BIPN 108. Integrative Biology of Exercise (4)    Course will integrate the organ system biology learned in Mammalian Physiology I and II through the study of the human body’s response to exercise. Specifically, the multi-organ system reaction to both acute and chronic exercise will be studied from the functional to the basic mechanistic level. Thus, the role of exercise in both health and disease will be addressed. Prerequisites: BIPN 100; BIPN 102.

BIPN 110. Organ Systems and Disease (4)    Course will offer in-depth instruction to human anatomy and diseases from the conceptual framework of organ systems. Central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and gastrointestinal system will be discussed in terms of normal anatomy, pathology, and relevant scientific frontiers. Prerequisite: BIPN 100.

BIPN 140. Cellular Neurobiology (4)     This course covers the biophysics of the resting and active membranes of nerve cells. It also covers the mechanisms of sensory transduction and neuromodulation, as well as the molecular basis of nerve cell function. Prerequisites: BILD 1, 2; BIBC 100 or 102 recommended.

BIPN 142. Systems Neurobiology (4)     This course covers integrated networks of nerve cells, including simple circuits like those involved in spinal reflexes. We will study how information and motor output is integrated and processed in the brain. We will also discuss higher-level neural processing. Prerequisites: BILD 1, 2, and BIBC 100 or 102.

BIPN 144. Developmental Neurobiology (4)     Cellular and molecular basis of cell determination, neurite outgrowth, specificity, synaptogenesis, and cell death in the brain. Prerequisite: upper division standing.

BIPN 145. Neurobiology Laboratory (6)     Basic principles of nerve and muscle physiology will be taught through weekly exercises and individual projects. One hour of lecture and nine hours of laboratory each week. Prerequisite: BIPN 140 or BIPN 142 or BIPN 146 (may be taken concurrently). Attendance at the first lecture/lab is required. Non-attendance will result in the student being dropped from the course roster.

BIPN 146. Computational Neurobiology (4)     An exploration of computational brain models, including biophysical models of single neurons, small neural circuits, and larger scale network models. Prerequisite: BILD 12 or BIPN 140 or Psych. 106 or Cog. Sci. 107 recommended.

BIPN 148. Cellular Basis of Learning and Memory (4)    Cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie learning and memory. Synapse formation and synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter systems and their receptors, mechanisms of synaptic modification, and effect of experience on neuronal connectivity, and gene expression. Prerequisites: BILD 1; BILD 2; BIBC 100 or BIBC 102 (may be taken concurrently).

BIPN 150. Diseases of the Nervous System (4)    Course will be taught from a research perspective, highlighting the biological pathways impacted by different neurological diseases. Each disease covered will be used to illustrate a key molecular/cellular pathway involved in proper neurological function. Prerequisites: BIBC 102 and BICD 100; BIPN 140 may be taken concurrently.

Special Courses

BISP 190. Advanced Biology Seminars for Seniors (2)     Experts in diverse areas of biology from major universities in the U.S. and abroad will describe current research activities being conducted in their laboratories. Relevant readings will be assigned. P/NP grades only. Prerequisites: seniors only; concurrent enrollment in BISP 199 or consent of instructor.

BISP 194. Advanced Topics in Modern Biology (2)    Course will vary in title and content. When offered, the current description and title are found in the Schedule of Classes and the Biological Sciences Web site. Can be taken a total of four times as topics vary. Students may not receive credit for the same topic. Prerequisites: BIBC 102; BICD 100; upper-division standing.

BISP 195. Introduction to Teaching in Biology (4)     Introduction to the teaching of the basic course in biology. A student under the direction of the instructor of the course is assigned one class section and will meet one time per week with the section. A student is required to attend the course lecture and meet with the instructor of the course at least one time per week. Limited to upper-division students who have a B average or higher. Three hours’ lecture. (P/NP grades only.) Prerequisites: consent of instructor and approval of department chair. (Note: Applications for a BISP 195 are to be submitted to the Division of Biological Sciences by the end of the sixth week of the quarter preceding the quarter in which the BISP 195 will be completed.) This course may be counted as one of the upper-division electives for a biology major.

BISP 196. Honors Thesis in Biology (4)     Senior thesis research program. Research is conducted under the supervision of a biology faculty member. This one-year program is taken in addition to the major requirements for graduation. Upon satisfactory completion of the program, students will receive “Distinction in Biology” on their transcripts. Prerequisites: senior standing, 3.7 GPA or above; prior selection for the program by a faculty member and approval by program coordinator. A department stamp will be used to monitor during registration.

BISP 197. Biology Internship Program (4)     Under the joint supervision of a biology faculty advisor and a selected industry mentor, the student will conduct independent research on a problem in an industrial biotech laboratory. The student will gain insight into industry research and practical biotech experience. Prerequisites: BIBC 103 or BIMM 101, BIBC 102, BICD 100, BIMM 100, overall GPA 3.0, and consent of the biology faculty coordinator.

BISP 199. Individual Research for Undergraduates (2 or 4)     Individual research on a problem by special arrangement with a faculty member. Projects are expected to involve primary, experimental approaches that augment training in basic biology and that echo the curricular focus of the Division of Biological Sciences. (P/NP grades only.) Prerequisites: Students must have an overall UCSD GPA of at least 3.0, a minimum of ninety units complete, and approval by division chair. Students must complete a “Special Studies” form and a Division of Biological Sciences “Research Plan.” (Note: Applications for a BISP 199 must be submitted to the Division of Biological Sciences prior to the eighth week of the quarter preceding the quarter in which the BISP 199 will be completed.) This course may be counted as one of the upper-division electives for a biology major, providing that no other special studies courses have already been counted toward the major. May be taken for credit three times.

Graduate

BGGN 204. Topics in Community and Population Ecology (3)     This course teaches a different topic each quarter on the theoretical or conceptual side of community and population ecology. Students will read materials in depth, attend weekly discussions, and explore theories and models with statistical, analytical, and algorithmic tools of the trade. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. (S/U grades only) (Quarter offered varies and course is not offered every year.)

BGGN 205. Communicating Science to the Public (2)     Learn effective ways of communicating science to non-scientists.  Develop an understanding of how people’s views of science and background knowledge can influence their learning, and develop methods to tailor communication for different audiences. (Quarter offered varies, and course is not offered every year.)

BGGN 206. Topics in Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry (4)     Selection of topics of current interest. Examples: primary processes of photosynthesis; membrane biophysics; applications of physical methods to problems in biology and chemistry, e.g., magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, fluctuation spectroscopy, optical techniques (fluorescence, optical rotary dispersion, circular dichroism). Topics may vary from year to year. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. (S/U grades permitted.) This course is cross-listed with Physics 206 and Chemistry 206. (Quarter offered varies, and course is not offered every year.)

BGGN 210. Neurobiology Boot Camp (4)     For incoming doctoral students in Neurobiology, Computational Neurobiology, and Neurosciences.  During first two weeks in September, students commit to ten to fifteen hours per day in lectures and laboratories in electrophysiology, cellular anatomy, molecular biology, optical imaging, and computational neurobiology. Students also attend weekly seminars during fall quarter. Prerequisite: graduate standing; major codes BI77, BI79, NE75. (F)

BGGN 212. Special Topics in Microbiology (3)     Recent developments in prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial research. Topics vary from year to year but may include the following subjects: the molecular basis of (a) sex determination, expression, and interconversion; (b) differentiation, morphogenesis, and programmed death; (c) transcriptional and metabolic regulation; and (d) chemical macromolecular and energy-mediated reception, transmission, and response processes. The main thesis of the course is that examples of complex regulatory phenomena in higher organisms can be found in single celled organisms. This course is open to enrollment by undergraduates. Prerequisites: BIBC 102 and BICD 100. (S/U grades permitted.) (Quarter offered varies, and course is not offered every year.)

BGGN 213. Topics in Conservation Biology (3)     Provides in depth coverage of topics in population genetics and ecology, community ecology, biogeography, human ecology, and ecosystem management relevant to conservation biology. Topics vary from year to year and have included pedigree analysis, inbreeding depression, minimum viable population size, problems of overabundance, fragmented populations, key-stone species, in-situ and ex-situ conservation techniques. One two-hour meeting weekly. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. (S/U/ grades only.) (S)

BGGN 215. Phylogenetics (3)     This course provides the theoretical and practical basis of phylogenetic analysis (the estimation of phylogenetic trees). Students will understand the assumptions made in phylogenetic analyses, be able to identify the strengths and weaknesses of various methods, and perform a phylogenetic analysis on DNA sequence data. Prerequisite: one semester of calculus is recommended. (S)

BGGN 218. Post-Genomics Biology (2)     This course will focus on large-scale analysis of post-genomics biological systems. Students will be introduced to methods for analyzing changes in gene expression, identifying protein-protein interactions, screening for pathway inhibitors, characterizing multiprotein complexes, and probing protein localization and function.

BGGN 219. Classic Papers in Genetics (3)     The course explores, through classic papers, how genetic approaches in the distant and near past have opened up novel areas of biology. The goal of the course is to teach students the type of approach that allowed these researchers to break out of old paradigms and form new ones of their own based on genetic pathfinding. (W)

BGGN 220. Graduate Molecular Biology (6)     Provides a broad, advanced-level coverage of modern molecular biology for first-year graduate students. Topics include prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene structure and regulation, chromatin structure, DNA replication, translation, mechanisms of transcription, and an introduction to viruses. OPEN ONLY TO STUDENTS ENROLLED IN A GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAM. (Letter grades only.) (F)

BGGN 221. Graduate Protein Biochemistry (4)     Topics include general aspects of protein structure and biochemical approaches to the isolation and study of proteins. This course also covers the relationship between the structure and function of selected proteins. Detailed discussion of modern biophysical methods to study protein-protein interactions will be included. BGGN 220 is a co-requisite. OPEN ONLY TO STUDENTS ENROLLED IN A GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAM. (Letter grades only.) Corequisite: BGGN 220. (F)

BGGN 222. Graduate Cell Biology (6)     A coverage of modern cell biology for first year graduate students. There is an up-to-date discussion of topics such as: structure and function of membranes; ion pumps, ion channels, transmembrane signalling; receptor mediated endocytosis; protein targeting; the role of RER and Golgi apparatus; the biosynthesis of intracellular organelles in animal and plant cells; the cytoskeleton, motility, molecular motors, cell-cell interactions, mitosis; and the control of cell division. Also included are extensive coverage of cell signalling mechanisms and discussions on molecular approaches to cell biology. Prerequisites: BGGN 220 and 221. OPEN ONLY TO STUDENTS ENROLLED IN A GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAM. (Letter grades only.) (W)

BGGN 223. Graduate Genetics (6)     Provides a broad and extensive advanced-level coverage of molecular and formal aspects of genetics for first-year graduate students. Topics covered include: bacterial genetics, recombination in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, mammalian somatic-cell genetics, developmental genetics, sex determination, dosage compensation, and immunogenetics. Extensive coverage of the use of model systems like Drosophila and C. elegans is included. General and specific aspects of cellular signalling mechanisms will be covered. Prerequisites: BGGN 220, 221 and 222. OPEN ONLY TO STUDENTS ENROLLED IN A GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAM. (Letter grades only.) (S)

BGGN 224. Graduate Neurobiology (4)     Course covers modern molecular, cellular, developmental, and physiological aspects of neurobiology. Extensive discussion of original research articles will be included. Prerequisites: BGGN 220 and 221. OPEN ONLY TO STUDENTS ENROLLED IN A GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAM. (Letter grades only.) (F)

BGGN 225. Graduate Immunology (4)     The course is devoted to immunology and is organized as a combined lecture-tutorial course stressing classical as well as current literature. Each week will compose an independent section. Topics will include cellular interactions involved in the immune response and the molecular biology unique to lymphoid factor and receptors. Prerequisites: BGGN 220 and 221. OPEN ONLY TO STUDENTS ENROLLED IN A GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAM. (Letter grades only.) (S)

BGGN 226. Graduate Animal Virology (4)     This course consists of a review of fundamental concepts together with an in-depth analysis of the structure, genetics, multiplication and oncogenicity of animal viruses. Particular emphasis will be given to the DNA and RNA tumor viruses. The format of this section includes lectures and discussion of selected papers. Prerequisites: BGGN 220 and 221. OPEN ONLY TO STUDENTS ENROLLED IN A GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAM. (Letter grades only.) (W)

BGGN 227. Graduate Topics in Plant Biology (4)     This course covers advanced topics in plant biology in the areas of molecular genetic developmental, and physiological biology. We will discuss plant-microbe interactions, transposable elements, protein trafficking, ion transport, and organ development. The format of this section includes lectures and discussion of selected papers. Prerequisites: BGGN 220, 221, and 222. OPEN ONLY TO STUDENTS ENROLLED IN A GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAM. (Letter grades only.) (W)

BGGN 228. Graduate Developmental Biology (4)     This course covers graduate level lectures on developmental biology, emphasizing the use of genetically tractable model systems. Discussion of recent research articles is an integral aspect of this course. Students are introduced to classical experiments and given detailed coverage of recent fundamental findings in developmental biology. Prerequisites: BGGN 220 and 221. (Letter grades only.) (S)

BGGN 229. Graduate Oncogenes (4)     This course provides detailed coverage of the cellular and molecular basis of cellular transformation and oncogenesis. There will be extensive discussion on the role of oncogenes and their cellular counterparts. The course also provides in-depth analysis of intracellular signal transduction mechanisms. Prerequisites: BGGN 220, 221, and 222. (Letter grades only.) (S)

BGGN 230. Graduate Signal Transduction (4)     The course will introduce students to a variety of signal transduction pathways and their function in the regulation of cellular processes. Special emphasis will be given to signaling cascades regulating immunological responses and alterations of signaling pathways during oncogenesis. (W)

BGGN 231. Current Concepts in Stem Cell Biology (4)     Research papers from all aspects of stem cell biology will be read, presented, and discussed.  Papers will range from landmark to current studies, spanning many developmental organisms and cell types.  Students will present one paper, provide relevant background, and lead discussions. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. (F)

BGGN 233. Cellular Immunology (3)     This course covers the molecular and cellular events in the humoral and cellular response to antigen, transplantation biology, the structure and function of the major histocompatibility gene complex, the T-cell receptor, lymphokines, and the induction of immunological tolerance. It serves as the second course in a two-part sequence. May be taken by undergraduates who have taken Part 1 (BICD 140) and by graduate students (S/U grades only.) (Quarter offered varies and course is not offered every year.)

BGGN 235. Biology and Biochemistry of Cancer Cells (2)     This course covers recent advances in cell biology, biochemistry, immunology, and virology as they relate to cancer cells and their interaction with the host. Cancer research specialists from outside will be brought in to discuss the most recent evidence and interpretations in key areas of cancer research. This course meets two hours per week for lecture and discussion. It will be at an advanced graduate level but open to a limited number of seniors (with permission of instructor) on a P/NP basis. (S/U grades only) (Quarter offered varies, and course is not offered every year.)

BGGN 236. Essentials of Glycobiology (2)     Molecular glycobiology encompasses studies of the structure, biosynthesis, and biological roles of oligosaccharide units on glycoconjugates. This course provides an overview of this rapidly evolving field with an emphasis on the glycoconjugates of eukaryotic organisms in the animal kingdom. (S/U grades only.) (S) This course is cross-listed with Medicine 222.

BGGN 238A. Integrative Microbiology I (4)     To introduce students with structural and functional properties of microorganisms and with the role of microbes in the world. Course will emphasize the integrative aspects of microbiology. First course in series. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

BGGN 238B. Integrative Microbiology II (4)     To introduce students with structural and functional properties of microorganisms and with the role of microbes in the world. Course will emphasize the integrative aspects of microbiology. Second course in series. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

BGGN 240. Cellular Neurobiology (2)     Students read classic and modern papers that form the basis of the undergraduate lectures (BIPN 240), which they are encouraged to attend. These papers are presented by the students at weekly discussion sessions. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. (S/U grades only.) (F)

BGGN 242. Systems Neurobiology (2)     Students read classic and modern papers that form the basis of the undergraduate lectures (BIPN 142), which they are encouraged to attend. These papers are presented by the students at weekly discussion sessions. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. (S/U grades only.) (W)

BGGN 243. Systems Neurophysiology (3)     Ways in which neurons are assembled into circuits to achieve perception and patterned movement. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. (S/U grades only.)

BGGN 246A-B. Computational Neurobiology (2-2)     Students read classic and modern papers that form the basis of the undergraduate lectures (BIPN 146), which they are encouraged to attend. Students present these papers at weekly discussion sessions. The focus of 246A is cellular neuronal properties and the focus of 246B is properties of neuronal systems. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. (S/U grades only.)

BGGN 247. Development of Neural Systems (4)     Course emphasizes current molecular and physiological approaches used to study the development of neural circuits including the processes of neuronal migration, axon pathfinding, and synapse and circuit formation in different systems. Topics include development of the visual system, olfactory system, spinal cord and cerebellum. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. (S/U grades only.)

BGGN 248. Molecular Mechanisms of Neural Development (4)     The cellular and molecular basis of neural development, focusing on primary papers. Topics include: neural induction and neurogenesis, cell patterning, neuronal and glial differentiation, neuronal migration, axon pathfinding, synapogenesis, neuronal cell death, regeneration, activity-dependent events, topographic maps, invertebrate and vertebrate model systems. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

BGGN 249B-C. Basic Neuroscience (4-4)     These courses are designed for graduate students in the neurosciences and other departments that are part of the interdisciplinary program (i.e., Biology, Cog. SCI). These courses have been designed to cover as much basic neuroscience as possible in three quarters of study. They will combine two three-hour meetings each week with a 1.5 hour lecture and a 1.5 hour discussion of papers. These are required courses for all first-year neurosciences graduate students. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. (F,W,S)

BGGN 251. Molecular Biology (3)     The first section of this course consists of a review of fundamental concepts in molecular biology together with an in-depth analysis of molecular biological topics of medical importance. The second section covers the structure, genetics, and multiplication of animal viruses, with particular emphasis on the DNA and RNA tumor viruses. Other subjects discussed include viral persistence, latency, and approaches to viral chemotherapy. Three hours of lecture. Prerequisite: biochemistry. (Not open to undergraduates.) (S/U grades only) (F)

BGGN 252. Genetics (3)     Human genetics, with emphasis on basic principles. Topics covered include chromosome abnormalities, the mechanisms of dominant and recessive diseases, pedigree analysis, ascertainment of linkage, the interaction of genotype with diseases. Mechanisms of maintaining genetic diversity in human populations will be discussed along with recent approaches to genetic counseling and intervention. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. (Not open to undergraduates.) (S/U grades only) (F)

BGGN 253. Immunology (3)     Graduate students will explore topics in specialized areas of immunochemistry and cellular immunology, antigenic and molecular structure of immunoglobulin molecules; antigenantibody interactions; cellular events in the humoral and cellular immune responses; translation immunology. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. The course is similar in content to BICD 140 but is accelerated in pace. (S/U grades permitted.) This course is cross-listed with Chemistry 217.(F)

BGGN 254. Cell and Membrane Physiology (3)     This course is a survey covering current subjects in membrane biology relevant to medicine. Subjects are: 1) membrane isolation, composition, and structure; 2) consequences of membrane fluidity (mode of action of anesthetics, intercellular communication, eso- and endo-cytosis biogenesis); 3) sensory perception and response (chemo- and energy reception, cellular neurophysiology, muscle; physiology); 4) regulation of membrane function (hormone reception, intercellular adhesion, neoplastic transformation). Prerequisites: biochemistry and genetics. (S/U grades only)

BGGN 260. Neurodynamics (4)     Introduction to the nonlinear dynamics of neurons and simple neural systems through nonlinear dynamics, bifurcation theory, and chaotic motions. The dynamics of single cells is considered at different levels of abstraction, e.g., biophysical and “reduced” models for analysis of regularly spiking and bursting cells, their dynamical properties, and their representation in phase space. Laboratory exercises will accompany the lectures. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

BGGN 266. Advanced Laboratory in Biophysical Techniques (6)     Experiments that emphasize biophysical principles through hands-on experience, with an emphasis on the blending of physical measurements with a clearly identified biological problem. Exercises include the use of optical tweezers to measure viscous forces at the level of cellular organelles, the characterization of sensorimotor control in the fly during visually guided flight, and the use of microscopic imaging techniques to characterize cell motility and organelle transport. Includes instruction in LabView. Students are encouraged to attend the Phys. 173 undergraduate lectures. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. Phys. 120A, BILD 1, and Chem. 6CL for undergraduates.

BGGN 269. Mathematics for Neurobiologists (6)     An intensive course to introduce the mathematical concepts and techniques used in modern neurobiology. Intended for beginning graduate students in the neurosciences, but is also available to advanced undergraduates, with the consent of the instructor. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

BGGN 271. Advanced Experimental Methods in Biology (4-12)     Advanced laboratory and/or field experience in contemporary biological methodology. Open only to students enrolled in the integrated Bachelor’s/Master’s Degree Program. Prerequisites: consent of instructor and approval of division chair. (F,W,S) (Graduate students: letter grades only.)

BGGN 297. Research Conference (1-3)     Group and individual discussion of research activities and of current literature. Prerequisite: graduate standing. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGGN 298. Laboratory Projects in Biology (3-12)     An introduction to contemporary laboratory techniques and research interests through independent, original projects under the direction of individual faculty members. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. (Letter grades only) (F,W,S)

BGGN 299. Thesis Research in Biology (1-12)     (F,W,S)

BGGN 500. Apprentice Teaching (4)     This course involves participation in upper-division undergraduate teaching at the level of assuming responsibility for recitation sections or laboratories under the supervision of the responsible faculty member. Some experience in lecturing to upper-division classes will occasionally be provided. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGJC 201. Journal Club in Cell Biology (1)     Weekly presentations and discussions pertaining to research results reported in recently published literature. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGJC 202. Journal Club in Developmental Biology (1)     Weekly presentations and discussions pertaining to research results reported in recently published literature. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (Quarter offered is varies, and course is not offered every year.)

BGJC 203. Journal Club in HIV Molecular Biology (1)     Weekly presentations and discussions pertaining to research results reported in recently published literature. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGJC 204. Journal Club in Molecular and Cellular Immunology (1)     Weekly presentations and discussions pertaining to research results reported in recently published literature. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGJC 206. Journal Club in Microbial Physiology (1)     Weekly presentations and discussions pertaining to research results reported in recently published literature. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (S)

BGJC 208. Journal Club in Plant Molecular Biology (1)     Weekly presentations and discussions pertaining to research results reported in recently published literature. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGJC 210. Journal Club in Cell Cycle Regulation (1)     Weekly presentations and discussions pertaining to research results reported in recently published literature. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGJC 213. Journal Club in Computational Neurobiology (1)     Weekly presentations and discussions pertaining to research results reported in recently published literature. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 203. Research Discussion in Development of Dictyostelium (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 204. Molecular Biology of the Cell (1)     Research reports and discussions based on recent experimental results in cell biology, oncogenesis, genetics, molecular biology and development. Students are expected to present and discuss their own new data and the recent data of others. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 205. Research Discussion in Plant Membrane Biology (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 206. Research Discussion in Metals in Biology (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 207. Research Discussion in Neuronal Pattern Generation (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 208. Research Discussion in Mammalian Molecular Biology (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 210. Research Discussion in Virology (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 211. Research Discussion in Developmental Cellular Neurobiology (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 212. Research Discussion in Behavior and Development of Simple Nervous Systems (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 213. Research Discussion in Golgi Structure and Function (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 214. Research Discussion in Development and Function of the Immune System (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 215. Research Discussion in Lymphocyte Biology (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 216. Research Discussion in Molecular and Cell Biology (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 218. Research Discussion in Plant Molecular Genetics (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 219. Research Discussion in Molecular Biophysics (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 220. Research Discussion in Advanced Evolutionary Biology (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 221. Research Discussion in Behavioral Ecology (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 222. Research Discussion in Evolutionary Molecular Ecology (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 223. Research Discussion in Ecology (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 224. Research Discussion in Plant Population Biology (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 225. Research Discussion in Genetic Variation (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 226. Research Discussion in Conservation Genetics (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 227. Research Discussion in Intracellular Signalling (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 228. Research Discussion in Drosophila Developmental Biology (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 230. Research Discussion in Cell Signalling Pathways (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 231. Research Discussion in Nuclear Transport and Function (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 232. Research Discussion in Chromatin and Transcription Regulation (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 233. Research Discussion in Cell Cycle Motility (1)     Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 234. Research Discussion in Cell Signalling in Drosophila (3)     Presentation of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGSE 200. Seminar in Biology (1)     Invited speakers from the U.S. And abroad, who are leaders in various aspects of biological research, describe their current research. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGSE 201. Seminar in Molecular Biology (1)     Invited speakers from the U.S. And abroad, who are leaders in various aspects of biological research, describe their current research. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGSE 202. Seminar in Immunology (1)     Invited speakers from the U.S. And abroad, who are leaders in various aspects of biological research, describe their current research. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGSE 203. Seminar in Population Biology (1)     Invited speakers from the U.S. And abroad, who are leaders in various aspects of biological research, describe their current research. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGSE 204. Seminar in Developmental Genetics (1)     Invited speakers from the U.S. And abroad, who are leaders in various aspects of biological research, describe their current research. Prerequisite: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGSE 205. Graduate Research Seminar (1)     Discussions of recent research in various aspects of biological research conducted by third- and fourth-year doctoral students in the Division of Biological Sciences. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)