Research at UCSD
Organized Research Units (ORUs) are academic units the University of
California has established to provide a supportive infrastructure for
interdisciplinary research complementary to the academic goals of departments
of instruction and research. The functions of ORUs are to facilitate
research and research collaborations; disseminate research results through
research conferences, meetings, and other activities; strengthen graduate
and undergraduate education by providing students with training opportunities
and access to facilities; seek extramural research funds; and carry
out university and public service programs related to ORUs research
expertise. The senior staff of these units are faculty members in related
academic departments. Institutes and centers currently in operation
at UCSD are described below.
In addition, the university is formally and informally affiliated
with various private research organizations such as the Institute of
the Americas, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, and The Burnham
Institute.
Universitywide Institutes/Organized Research Units
California Space Institute (Cal Space) was established in 1979
as a multicampus organized research unit of the University of California
(UC). Cal Space maintains centers on several campuses, which support
and conduct pure and applied space-related science and technological
research and development. Specific areas of investigation include the
following:
Remote Sensingacquisition, processing, and application
of observations by satellites or other remotely automated instruments
to study the Earth and its changing environment. The primarily satellite-based
investigations study the greenhouse effect, global warming, hydrological
cycle, land surface processes, air-sea interactions, radiation, and
cloud dynamics.
Climateinterdisciplinary scientific research that applies
space observations and numerical modeling techniques to fundamental
issues of climate prediction and global change caused by both natural
and human forces within the atmosphere, the oceans, and on land surfaces.
Space science and engineeringinvestigations of both the
solar system and universe, and the development of automation and robotic
systems for space exploration. Current investigations include the study
of comets, asteroids, the solar wind, and cosmic background radiation.
Space observations are often conducted with instruments and techniques
designed by Cal Space researchers.
Educationpromotion of undergraduate and graduate education
in the interdisciplinary fields of climate and global change, and space
science and engineering. The Cal Space-led statewide consortium (California
Space Grant Consortium) was designated in 1989 as a Space Grant College
by NASAs Office of Education. The program expands leadership in
the development and application of space resources through research
and hands-on space projects, fellowship funding, and educational outreach
activities. The California Space Grant Program works with NASA Centers
and the aerospace and high technology industries to strengthen its educational
objectives.
Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) was established
in 1960 and named the Cecil H. and Ida M. Green IGPP in 1994. It is
a multicampus research unit of the University of California, headquartered
at UCSD, with branches at UCI, UCLA, UCR, UCSC, as well as Los Alamos
and
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories. The present facility includes
the Roger and Ellen Revelle Laboratory and the Judith and Walter Munk
Laboratory. Present research concentrates on the study of crustal dynamics
by measurements of gravity, tilt, displacement, and strain in both
continental
and oceanic environments; of regional seismicity and linear and nonlinear
earthquake and explosion source mechanisms; of the variability of
the
earths geomagnetic field and its generation by the geodynamo;
of the spherical and aspherical structure of the earth by measurements
of free oscillations, surface waves, and travel times; of seafloor
tectonics using marine geophysical methods; of linear and nonlinear
theoretical
and computational fluid dynamics; of the variable mesoscale structure
of the oceans and global ocean warming by acoustic tomography; of
the
structure of the oceanic crust and lithosphere by seismic and electromagnetic
measurements on the ocean bottom and at the oceans surface through
seismic multichannel methods; of sea-floor and planetary topography
and gravity using satellite methods; of nonlinear dynamics applied
to geomorphology; and of tides, waves, turbulence, and circulation
in the
oceans; of surface change caused by tectonic activity, or climate change
using satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR),
as
well as airborne and spaceborne laser altimetry. The institute operates
a global network of some forty broadband seismometers, the IDA (International
Deployment of Accelerometers) Array, with ten of these stations in
the former Soviet Union which are telemetered by satellite to the
institute;
a crustal strain and seismic observatory at the Cecil and Ida Green
Piñon Flat Observatory near Palm Springs; a scientific wireless
network in California with SDSC, the High Performance Wireless Research
and Education Network (HPWREN); a southern California network of Global
Positioning System (GPS) satellite geodetic sites operated by the
Scripps
Orbit and Permanent Array Center (SOPAC) and the California Spatial
Reference Center (CSRC); an acoustic network in the Pacific for
measuring
ocean temperature variability; a modern 3D data visualization facility;
a 5m, X-band satellite receiving antenna for satellite remote sensing;
a national Ocean Bottom Seismograph Instrument Pool (OBSIP); and telemetered
seismic arrays in Kirghizia, and two locations in California. The
institute
does not grant degrees, but makes its facilities available to graduate
students from various departments who have chosen to write their
dissertations
on geophysical problems. Undergraduate students are involved in independent
research projects and as laboratory assistants. Members of the institute
staff now hold joint appointments with the Departments of the Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, and Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Sciences.
Support for visiting scholars and grant matching funds is provided
through an endowment to the Cecil and Ida Green Foundation for the
Earth Sciences.
The University of California Institute on Global Conflict and
Cooperation (IGCC) is a multicampus research unit serving
all ten UC campuses and the UC-managed Lawrence Berkeley, Lawrence
Livermore, and Los Alamos National Laboratories. IGCC is based at
the Graduate
School of International Relations and Pacific Studies (IR/PS) at UCSD,
whose faculty provides IGCCs leadership.
IGCCs mission to educate the next generation of international
problem-solvers and peacemakers is carried out through teaching activities
and research and public service opportunities. Scholars and researchers
from inside and outside the UC system, government officials, and students
from the United States and abroad have participated in IGCC projects.
IGCCs initial research focused on averting nuclear proliferation
through arms control and confidence-building measures between the superpowers.
Since then, its research program has diversified to encompass several
broad areas of inquiry: regional relations, international environmental
policy, ethnic conflict, terrorism, and international trade and policy
issues. In addition, receipt of a prestigious NSF award in 2002 for
a program to train the next generation of nuclear policy experts has
lead to a rekindling of interest in research on traditional security
issues.
IGCC supports research and teaching on the causes of international
conflict and opportunities to promote cooperation through its annual
fellowship and grant cycle. IGCCs development office provides
an additional resource for UC faculty seeking foundation funding for
their projects. IGCC also serves as a liaison between the academic
and policy communities through its Washington, D.C., office, located
in the
UC Washington Center (UCDC). The Washington, D.C., office administers
a graduate internship program in international affairs and the IGCC
Dissertation/
Foreign Policy Fellow Program. Interns and fellows are placed with
governmental and nongovernmental organizations involved in international
policy.
The Washington office also sponsors policy seminars to showcase
UC faculty research results and to provide opportunities for interaction
between professors and policymakers.
IGCCs annual NEWSWired provides an overview of
the previous years research, funding, awards, projects, meetings,
workshops, colloquia, news, and publications. POLICYPacks
provide concise summaries of IGCC research programs for the policy
community. A new annual journal, IGCCReview, will feature
articles addressing the policy implications of IGCC research conducted
by senior UC faculty.
IGCC receives primary support from the regents of the University
of California. Additional funding has been provided by the U.S. Departments
of Energy, State, and Defense, the U.S. Institute of Peace, the National
Science Foundation, the Japan-U.S. Friendship Commission, and Japans
National Institute for Research Advancement (NIRA). IGCC has also
received
important support from foundations such as the Japan Foundation Center
for Global Partnership (CGP), the Carnegie Corporation of New York,
The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the William and
Flora Hewlett Foundation, the Markle Foundation, the Smith Richardson
Foundation,
and the Rockefeller Foundation.
For more information about IGCC and its research programs, including
full-text publications and downloadable POLICYPacks, visit
the IGCC Web site at http://www-igcc.ucsd.edu.
IGCC publications can also be downloaded from the California Digital
Librarys E-Scholarship Repository at http://repositories.cdlib.org.
The White Mountain Research Station (WMRS) was established
as a UC multicampus research unit in 1950 to support high altitude research.
The station includes 4 laboratory facilities located over a 3,000m (10,000
vertical ft.) altitude transect, ranging from the floor of the Owens
Valley to the highest peak in the White/ Inyo Mountains. Located on
the western edge of the Great Basin, WMRS also provides access to three
major biogeographic regions (Sierra Nevada and White/Inyo montane, Mojave
desert and Great Basin desert), and geologically rich and diverse field
sites. WMRS has evolved into a major multidisciplinary research and
teaching institution in eastern California, and hosts programs in archaeology
and anthropology, atmospheric and space sciences, biological and medical
sciences, ecology, conservation and natural resource management, geological,
hydrological, and earth sciences.
WMRS facilities include: (1) the business office, laboratories, classrooms,
dormitories, and dining hall for up to seventy people in Bishop, (2)
a newly renovated lodge, cabins, and classroom laboratory at Crooked
Creek (3,094m altitude), which accommodates up to fifty people, (3)
the Nello Pace Laboratory and Mount Barcroft facilities (3,801m altitude)
which accommodate thirty-five people in dormitories, and (4) the 450
square foot Summit Laboratory located on White Mountain peak (4,342m
altitude), which is the highest research lab in North America.
The Bishop facilities includes wet and dry labs, a modern biology
laboratory, The Deepest Valley Interagency Plant Propagation Center,
and a geographic information system (GIS) laboratory that houses the
USGS-funded Eastern Sierra Geospatial Data Clearinghouse.
This is used by visiting researchers and local agency scientists, as
well as off-site investigators and policy makers via World Wide Web
access.
WMRS hosts more than 3,000 users from over 100 institutions per year
for research, teaching, and conferences. WMRS also hosts a Center for
Astrophysics and Cosmology at Barcroft. Research occurs year-round
with access to the high-altitude labs at Barcroft via snowmobile. Summer
is the busiest time at WMRS, with undergraduate internships, graduate
students supported by WMRS Fellowships in residence, plus students
and faculty from other universities
around the world. Educational uses include several geology field courses
and a course on Integrated Methods in Ecology with the undergraduates
in residence for the spring quarter. WMRS sponsors professional and
postgraduate training courses, annual professional society meetings,
and offers published proceedings from symposia on the environmental
science in the region.
Campuswide Institutes
The AIDS Research Institute
http://ari.ucsd.edu/index.html
Established in 1996 and formally opened in 1997, the AIDS Research
Institute (ARI) serves as the conduit for the UCSD Programs in HIV Infection
and AIDS, in which AIDS researchers in all university departments and
our associated institutions can collaborate on research, with the objective
of developing new approaches to the prevention, diagnosis, and the treatment
of HIV/AIDS.
UCSD faculty have made major advances in our understanding of how
the virus works, how it causes disease, how to treat HIV infection and
its complications, and the impact of HIV infection on nationwide health
and healthcare costs. In addition to the 104 faculty members from 19
departments, the UCSD Program in HIV Infection and AIDS is internationally
recognized for its contributions to science and patient care, bringing
in more than $30 million in HIV and AIDS-related grants annually and
is ranked among the top ten AIDS programs in the country.
ARI programs include:
- The Center for AIDS Research (CFAR)
- The Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group (AACTG)
- The Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG)
- The California Collaborative Treatment Group (CCTG)
- The HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center (HNRC)
- The Southern California Primary Infection Program
- The HIV Costs and Services Utilization Study (HCSUS)
- The VA Quality Enhancement Research Initiative for HIV (QUERI-HIV)
- The San Diego AIDS Education and Training Center (AETC)
- The Owen Clinic, providing primary health care services
- The AntiRetroviral Research Center (AVRC)
- The UCSD Mother, Child and Adolescent Program
The institute sponsors seminars and workshops as well as offering
developmental grants to new investigators in the area of human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) related research.
Together with research and development the ARI is fully committed
to serve as a community resource for information and assistance regarding
infection, treatment, and education in HIV and AIDS. We are here to
serve as the regional resource for all aspects pertaining to HIV and
AIDS and, as a leader in research and education, to cure the infected
and prevent the uninfected from becoming infected.
The California Institute for Telecommunications and Information
Technology (Cal-(IT)2) (http://www.calit2.net)
is an organized research unit that seeks to ensure that California maintains
its leadership in the telecommunications and information technology
marketplace. The institutes mission is simple: Extend the reach
of the Internet throughout the physical world. Cal-(IT)2
is a partnership between UCSD and UC, Irvine, and is one of four institutes
established in December 2000 through the California Institutes for Science
and Innovation (CalISI). It is funded by a state capital grant, federal
research grants, industry, and foundations.
The institute is organized conceptually into five vertically interlocking
layers. The five layers are materials and devices; networked
infrastructure; interfaces and software systems; four applications areas;
and policy, management, and socioeconomic evolution. The initial four
applicationsenvironment and civil infrastructure, intelligent
transportation and telematics, digitally enabled genomic medicine, and
new media artsare target core concerns related to Californias
quality of life and represent large market segments of Californias
economy poised to be transformed by the new Internet. Each layer and
application has a leader listed on the Cal-(IT)2
Web site.
More than 220 professors and senior researchers, industrial partners,
postdoctoral researchers, and graduate and undergraduate students
are
collaborating on interdisciplinary projects in living laboratories.
These labs include collaborative frameworks that span multiple layers
to
enable creation of larger-scale activities to address real world problems,
such as pollution, traffic congestion, and the pressing needs of medical
practice. Early activities have focused around eight living labs; some
are technology-driven, some are application-driven,
and one is culture-driven. The labs provide a context to
deploy and test new technologies in various combinations and experiment
with new applications.
The Institute for International, Comparative, and Area Studies
(IICAS) was created in 2001 to promote research on international,
comparative, and cross-regional topics. Building on the substantial
existing strengths of UCSD in international studies, IICAS coordinates
and supports the research of faculty in departments, area studies programs,
and the Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies.
It is closely associated with undergraduate and graduate education in
international studies, including Eleanor Roosevelt College and the international
studies major, whose program offices are housed within the institute.
IICAS has three principal initial roles. First, it serves as a research
catalyst, fostering and incubating interdisciplinary and cross-area
research groups and projects. Activities have included the launch of
a European Studies initiative, a faculty research project on globalization,
territoriality, and conflict, and a multiyear, interdisciplinary research
workshop examining the empire-to-nation transition. Second, IICAS coordinates
and provides services for existing and new international
and area studies
programs
in development
and events planning and coordination. It also encourages new programs
in international and area studies. In this role, IICAS has cosponsored
campuswide panels and seminars that address critical international
issues. Third, the IICAS director and advisory committee advise the
senior vice
chancellor for academic affairs on campus priorities and appointments
in international studies.
IICAS
also provides campus wide services in support of UCSDs international
contacts, including international visitors, requests for affiliation
agreements, and collaborative international research projects.
The UCSD Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM).
Our mission is: Integration of Molecules and Medicine—to
create an Olympic village for translational medicine in the San
Diego biomedical community, Innovation at Disease Interfaces—to
lead in the cross-fertilization between diverse human diseases and
disciplines, Interdisciplinary Training—to mentor
many of the highest caliber physician-scientists from the United
States and abroad, and International Programs—to
offer global outreach to Europe and Asia through innovative collaborations
and partnerships. IMM is designed to provide a unique research and
training atmosphere for graduate students, Ph.D. students, M.D.
fellows, and M.D./Ph.D. fellows with a scientific focus on molecular
medicine in the post-genome era. The Institute of Molecular Medicine
was established in June 2000 as an organized research unit at UCSD,
and has been designed as a Center Without Walls to encourage interactive,
interdisciplinary, educational, and research opportunities in the
growing field of molecular medicine. The faculty members of this
institute are committed to creating and maintaining a collaborative
environment that will ensure the rapid development of novel, biologically
targeted therapies to enhance the lives of the patients of tomorrow.
The first phase of programs has been established in the areas of
cardiovascular and neurological diseases; however, it is anticipated
that studies in other complex human diseases will be included as
scientific and clinical opportunities are solidified in the new
institute. A current National Institutes of Health Training Program
is a joint program with collaborators at The Salk Institute, which
affords students an opportunity to work for periods of time at both
institutions, depending upon the technology that is being applied
to their particular research project. Research and educational programs
include stem cell biology, regeneration, chemical biology, neuroscience,
computer modeling, and genomics.
The Institute of Molecular Medicine’s goals and objectives
are: 1) to expand on the growing vertebrate genomic databases and
a variety of genetic based approaches to form a multidisciplinary
research program to unravel complex human diseases, including heart
and neurological disorders; 2) to provide a high-technology platform
that will be based upon collaborative research efforts between prominent
scientists in the fields of bioengineering, neuroscience, chemistry,
physiology, biology, and genetics; 3) to provide an international,
cross-institutional, interdisciplinary training program in the Molecular
Basis of Complex Human Physiology and Diseases, for M.D., M.D./Ph.D.,
and Ph.D. postdoctoral fellows; 4) to develop strategic research
collaborations, educational exchange programs, and training alliances
with other international institutions; and 5) to promote the development
of industrial collaborations for specific targeted areas of both
scientific and clinical interest.
Seventy-five faculty members from UCSD, the Salk Institute for Biological
Studies, The Scripps Research Institute, The Burnham Institute, and
internationally
based collaborators are participating in the Institute of Molecular Medicine.
These
participants represent a cross-section of the investigators and educators
who constitute the scientific and clinical community of leading investigators
working
and teaching in areas related to molecular, cellular, genetic, and bioengineering
approaches to identify pathways that control complex human physiological
systems and related diseases. Each year the IMM hosts an international
symposium, Days
of Molecular Medicine, which brings world leaders to La Jolla to present
state-of-the-art lectures and provides programs that allow students
in the IMM to meet and discuss
their projects with the speakers and senior scientists in attendance. This
year, the journal Nature Medicine and IMM will co-sponsor the 2004 symposium “Integrative
Physiology and Human Disease: Neurohormonal and Metabolic Pathways” at
the Wellcome Trust Genome Center, Hinxton Campus in Cambridge, England. Further
information can be found online at http://www.imm.ucsd.edu/dmm/foundation.html. The 2005 DMM conference will once again return to the Salk Institute in La Jolla.
In addition to strengthening the ties in academia, the symposium also provides
an opportunity for corporate sponsors to discuss potential collaborations and
meet with the next generation of physician-scientists in this ever-changing field.
The Institute of Molecular Medicine is based on the vision that a new era in
human health and drug discovery lies at the borders between curiosity-driven
science and tomorrow’s medical therapies.
The Institute for Neural Computation (INC) focuses
on research into how nervous systems function through experimental
investigation and
modeling of neural activity, and on applying knowledge of nervous system
function to the design of new technologies. The institute supports
graduate training programs in cognitive neuroscience and computational
neurobiology.
The Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience develops
models of brain dynamics from electromagnetic and hemodynamic data
acquired during novel human behavioral
experiments.
The Machine Perception Laboratory studies human perception and develops similar
capabilities for robots. Additional areas of research include visual coding,
motor control systems, and learning algorithms. The goal is to gain insights
into how the brain works by investigating the nature of the problems it faces.
This includes the development of possible solutions to these problems in the
form of robots that interact with humans in real time.
The goal of the Lee Laboratory
is to develop new machine learning algorithms for advanced signal and image
processing inspired by recent progress in understanding
how the brain represents and learns sensory information.
Faculty from the
Departments of Biology, Computer Science and Engineering, Cognitive
Science, Economics, Philosophy, Neurosciences, and Radiology, and
the Salk Institute
for Biological Studies are actively involved in the institute’s activities.
The institute has an active visitors program and an industrial affiliates
program with ongoing joint research projects. The institute sponsors a seminar
series,
the annual Rockwood Memorial Lecture, and several scientific workshops and
conferences annually.
The Institute for Nonlinear Science (INLS) promotes interdisciplinary
research and graduate education in the development and application of
contemporary methods in the study of nonlinear dynamical systems. Using
a common mathematical language, faculty and students from disciplines
as diverse as physics, mathematics, oceanography, biology and neuroscience,
mechanical and electrical engineering, and economics pursue the implications
of generic characteristics of nonlinear problems for their subjects.
Each year the institute sponsors several long- and short-term senior
visitors from the University of California and elsewhere and provides,
through funds from external funding agencies, support for approximately
ten graduate students to work on Ph.D. dissertations concerned with
nonlinear problems. Also associated with INLS are approximately twenty
full-time research scientists and postdoctoral researchers.
The core of INLS activities is composed of (1) joint research among
faculty and students across disciplinary lines and (2) lecture series
and working seminars designed to convey recent research progress and
to stimulate new investigations. Through contracts with external agencies
the INLS supports experimental, numerical, and theoretical studies of
nonlinear dynamics and chaos in neurophysiology, investigations in nonlinear
fluid dynamics and pattern formation, studies (jointly with the University
of California, Los Angeles and Stanford University) of applications
of chaos in communications, as well as in the nonlinear dynamics of
granular materials.
INLS has developed joint research programs with universities, research
institutes, and commercial companies in areas of common interest. It
actively works with colleagues at UCLA, Stanford, Cal Tech, Argonne
National Laboratory, ST Microelectronics, Time Domain Inc., and Randle
Corporation. These affiliations provide new research horizons and realistic
opportunities for technology transfer.
Institute for Pure and Applied Physical Sciences (IPAPS) is
an interdisciplinary research unit which brings together faculty and
researchers in physics, chemistry, engineering, and Scripps Institution
of Oceanography. The institute is concerned with fluids and materials.
Specific subjects of research include superconductivity, ferromagnetism,
semiconductor heterostructures, solid surfaces, plasma physics, hydromagnetics,
turbulence, fluid mechanics, laser physics, and numerical analysis.
Within the IPAPS is the Center for Interface and Materials Science
(CIMS), which emphasizes interdisciplinary collaborative research
on
the properties of surfaces, thin-layered composites, and novel materials,
as well as their technological applications. With centralized space
and equipment, CIMS brings together faculty and research staff from
the Departments of Physics, Applied Mechanics and Engineering Sciences,
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and
the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
The Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging (SIRA)
is an ORU committed to fostering healthy aging by supporting advances
in patient care through innovative research, training, and education.
Established in 1983, the unit consists of eighty-five researchers representing
eleven different departments ranging from bioengineering to family
and
preventive medicine and from neurosciences to psychiatry. This wide
diversity fosters an interdisciplinary approach to solving the problems
posed by diseases that increase with age. SIRA sponsors Faculty
Startup Grants to junior-level scientists in order to allow
them to lay a foundation of data necessary to compete for national
funding
and help with career development. To facilitate cooperative research
endeavors, SIRA has also instituted the Faculty Collaborative Grant
Program that provides funding for researchers from different medical/biological
disciplines to work together in developing innovative projects.
In addition, the institute is active in recruiting young students
to the field of aging through the Student Investigator Grant
Program.
Undergraduate and medical students, who have expressed an interest
in age-related research, are teamed with established senior scientists
to pursue a research project. Healthwise, the monthly newsletter,
informs community members of upcoming lectures and events sponsored
by SIRA and UCSD, health and wellness information, and advances in
medical
research. Coupled with the newsletter, a monthly public lecture
open to the public is presented by SIRA faculty members. These lectures
are videotaped and replayed on UCSD-TV, other local stations, and also
by satellite stations. These tapes are available to SIRA members, faculty,
and students, and can be purchased at the UCSD Bookstore. In addition
to our community outreach and education, SIRA and the Academic Geriatric
Resource Center has developed a new series called Aging in the
New Millennium. These health promotion presentations provide
information to seniors enabling them to make appropriate and healthy
lifestyle choices.
These presentations are taped and will be aired on UCSD-TV.
Lastly, SIRA provides health promotion presentations to the public
and non-profit community groups through its executive director and research
faculty. Contact steininstitute@ucsd.edu for
information and scheduling.
All of the above information and more can be accessed on the SIRA
Web site, http://SIRA.ucsd.edu.
Whitaker Institute of Biomedical Engineering (WIBE) was established
as an organized research unit in 1991 and named as the Whitaker Institute
in 2000. Its purpose is to promote and coordinate interdisciplinary
research among faculty and students at the interfaces of engineering,
biology, and medicine. The overarching theme is integrative bioengineering,
spanning the spectrum from molecular to organismal levels and integrating
engineering and biomedical sciences. The major research thrusts are
genomic bioengineering, molecular biomechanics, tissue engineering,
and systems biology. Engineering principles and techniques are combined
with biomedical research across the entire biological hierarchy ranging
from genomic and molecular levels, through cells and tissues, to organs-systems.
The aim is to have an integrative understanding of the structure-function
relationships in normal and pathological conditions and development
of bioengineering approaches to restore, maintain, or improve functions.
The research pursued in WIBE involves the heart, blood vessels, blood,
lung, kidney, liver, pancreas, muscle, bone, cartilage, tendon, ligament,
skin, nerve, brain, retina, and cochlea, as well as targeted molecular
delivery based on engineering principles. WIBE research and training
activities include medical subjects such as cancer, diabetes, myocardial
infarction, hypertension, atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular diseases,
hemolytic anemias, pulmonary diseases, renal diseases, hepatobiliary
diseases, inflammation, AIDS, burns, trauma, shock, retinopathies,
tympanic membrane perforation, orthopedic disorders, and sports injuries.
Coordinated engineering and biomedical research allows generations
of quantitative information and new investigative approaches.
The ultimate
goal is improving the methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment
of diseases. WIBE facilitates university-industry cooperation. It sponsors
regular research seminars, workshops, and symposia to promote information
exchange and
generate new ideas and projects, and fosters interdisciplinary training of
graduate students and postdoctoral fellows. WIBE has nearly 100 faculty
and research scientists
from the Jacobs School of Engineering, School of Medicine, Divisions of Biological
Sciences and Physical Sciences, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and members
of neighboring institutions, including The Burnham Institute, the Salk Institute
for Biological Studies, and The Scripps Research Institute. The institute has
an industrial advisory board, which has twenty company representatives in San
Diego and elsewhere, that fosters collaborative research projects, joint grant
applications, co-sponsoring of symposia and workshops, student internship,
and other academia-industry cooperative activities. Together with the
Department
of Bioengineering, WIBE received a Leadership Award from the Whitaker Foundation.
Matching gifts from the Charles Lee Powell Foundation and the William J. von
Liebig Foundation, as well as other donors, have made possible the construction
of the new Powell-Focht Bioengineering Hall in 2002, the first privately funded
building on the UCSD campus.
The Project on Glucose
Monitoring and Control is a unit within WIBE. Its goal is to develop and evaluate new
approaches, both natural and engineered, to achieve ideal blood glucose control
and metabolic management in diabetes and related diseases. The project brings
together researchers and clinicians from bioengineering, electrical engineering,
computer science, and medicine, as well as extramural collaborators. The
project serves as a nucleus for information exchange, development of new
sensor and medication delivery approaches, and development and evaluation
of control strategies.
Centers
The Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center (CC), active
in the fight against cancer since 1979, is a National Cancer Institute-designated
Comprehensive Cancer Center. The specific goals of the Cancer Center
are to enhance the present level of basic research, increase collaborative
research, increase the application of basic science to solve clinical
problems through translational research, disseminate new knowledge to
oncology professionals and scientists in the San Diego community, enable
the biomedical industry to transfer new technology to the clinical setting,
develop a strong effort in cancer prevention and control, and educate
and train undergraduate and postgraduate physicians, and basic scientists.
Under the auspices of a Cancer Center Support Grant from the National
Cancer Institute, there are seven active program areas within the Cancer
Center. These include Cancer Biology, Cancer Genetics, Cancer Prevention
and Control, Cancer Pharmacology, Cancer Symptom Control, Translational
Oncology, and Viral Malignancy. Shared resources at the Cancer Center
include Biostatistics, Clinical Trials, Data Compilation and Analysis,
Digital Imaging, DNA Sequencing, Flow Cytometry, Histology and Immunohistochemistry,
Microarray, Molecular Pathology, Nutrition, Radiation Medicine, and
Transgenic Mouse.
Research and educational grants support the training of postdoctoral
fellows and medical students. The Clinical Trials Office coordinates
clinical research trials involving cancer patients at UCSD and is the
focal point for a large Oncology Outreach Network which provides state-of-the-art
protocol treatment opportunities for patients in a broad geographic
area. Patient care activities of the Cancer Center are located in
the
Combined Oncology Clinic at the Theodore Gildred Facility and in UCSD
Medical Center, both located in Hillcrest, and at the Oncology Clinic
of the Perlman Ambulatory Care Center and in UCSD Thornton Hospital,
both located in La Jolla. Basic research activities of the Cancer
Center
are carried out at a variety of other locations on or adjacent to the
La Jolla campus. Total membership of the Cancer Center exceeds 260
laboratory
investigators and clinical physicians from twenty-two academic departments.
The research funding for Cancer Center members exceeds $180 million.
Construction is currently underway on the universitys east campus
to erect a five-story, 270,000-square-foot building to unite many
of
the centers essential programs and services; it is scheduled
for completion in early 2005.
The Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences (CASS) is an
interdisciplinary research unit established in 1979. The center brings
together academic and research staff from the Departments of Physics,
Chemistry, and Electrical and Computer Engineering. Research is conducted
in the scientific areas of theoretical cosmology, computational astrophysics,
observational cosmology, interstellar medium, star formation; solar
observational and theoretical studies; X-ray and gamma-ray astrophysics;
experimental
and theoretical
magnetospheric
and space plasma physics; and cosmochemistry, including
the chemistry of interstellar matter.
CASS provides a jointly shared facility which has office, laboratory,
and computer space to enhance the interchange of expertise. Researchers
in CASS have access to many University of California observing facilities,
including the 2 Keck 10m telescopes, Lick Observatories, and Keck
Telescopes, and have contributed experiments to many major NASA space
missions
including
the Hubble
Space Telescope and the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer. Associated with
CASS
are included seventeen faculty, about twenty-five Ph.D.-level research
staff, twelve graduate students, and thirty technical and administrative
support personnel.
The centers facilities, faculty, and research staff are available
to graduate students in the Departments of Physics, Electrical and
Computer
Engineering, and Chemistry who have chosen to write their dissertation
on subjects of research encompassed by CASS. Graduate and undergraduate
courses in astrophysics, astronomy, and space sciences are developed
and taught by the academic staff of CASS. The total yearly budget
is
about $5 million, mostly from federal funding sources.
The Center for Comparative Immigration Studies (CCIS) is
an interdisciplinary, multinational research and training program devoted
to comparative
work on international migration and refugee movements. Its primary
missions are to conduct comparative (especially cross-national) and
policy-oriented research, train academic researchers, students, and
practitioners, and disseminate research conducted under its auspices
to academics, policymakers, and NGOs through research seminars, conferences,
publications, the Internet, and the mass media. The center is also
committed to actively collaborating with other academic institutions,
governmental and nongovernmental organizations, and the local community.
The overall objective of the Center for Energy Research (CER)
is to provide an academic research unit for interdisciplinary interactions
among UCSD faculty, research staff, and students aimed at promoting
and coordinating energy research and education. Approximately sixty-one
faculty, staff, and students are affiliated with the CER. The goals
of the CER are complementary to academic departments of instruction
and research with an emphasis on bridging the various disciplines related
to energy research on the campus. Emphasis is currently on combustion
and fusion energy research. The CER will also provide a vehicle for
developing other dimensions of energy research, including energy policy
research. The specific goals of the CER are: (1) to provide an interdepartmental
coordinating function for energy research groups and projects at UCSD,
(2) to enhance the prospects of extramural research funding involving
interdepartmental and multidisciplinary collaborations in energy research,
(3) to promote the visibility of energy topics in undergraduate and
graduate programs at UCSD, (4) to provide a mechanism for interacting
with other institutions involved in energy research with particular
attention to potential industrial partners, and (5) to promote the visibility
of energy research at UCSD to potential sponsors and funding agencies.
A number of graduate research assistantships are available. Applications
for graduate study in any of the disciplines covered by the CER should
be directed to the academic department in which graduate study is to
be undertaken.
The Center for Environmental Research and Training (CERT) coordinates
the broad range of environmental research activities across the university.
Departmental participation includes the Departments of Anthropology,
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Economics, Division of Biological Sciences,
School of Engineering, School of Medicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
the Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, and the Graduate School of International
Relations and Pacific Studies. This extensive group offers an opportunity
to address environmental issues across traditional disciplinary boundaries.
This opportunity is particularly crucial for understanding the complex
interactive nature of global and regional environmental issues. The
CERT also provides an interface for interaction with environmental agencies
outside the university, including the environmental technology sector
and governmental agencies.
The Center for Human Development (CHD) is an interdisciplinary,
research-centered unit designed to meet the growing needs for interdisciplinary
exchange on issues related to human development. The goal of CHD is
to provide a forum for interdisciplinary exchange that creates dialogue
between members of diverse disciplines. The Center is organized around
five structurally distinct components, but with integrated functions.
Each function is designed to serve a specific set of needs and to make
unique contributions to the larger enterprise. These components are
the following: (1) research support and infrastructure, (2) enrichment
of human developments instructional counterpartsthe undergraduate
Human Development Program and a proposed interdisciplinary graduate
program, (3) dissemination activities focused on but not limited to
local community needs, (4) public policy analysis, and (5) assessment
activities. In addition, the Center serves as a focal point for research,
evaluation, and assessment activities associated with the campuswide
Center for Research in Educational Equity, Assessment, and Teaching
Excellence (CREATE).
The Center for Human Information Processing (CHIP) is a research
facility for the study of the neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying
human perception, thought, and emotion.
CHIP has two missionsa practical one and a theoretical one.
The practical goal is to help develop new therapeutic approaches for
the treatment of neurological and psychiatric patients (e.g., stroke
and childhood autism). The theoretical agenda is to understand the neural
basis of human behaviorthe question of how the activities of millions
of tiny wisps of protoplasm in the brain gives rise to all the richness
of our conscious experience and the complexity of our cognitive processes.
It is ironic that even though we now have a vast amount of factual
information about the brain, even the most basic questions about the
human mind remain unanswered. How does the human brain create and respond
to art? Why do we enjoy music? How are metaphors represented in the
brain? What is body image and why does it get distorted
in Anorexia nervosa? How did language evolve? Or even more basic questions
such as: How do we see color? Can we pay attention to only one thing
at a time? How do we recognize faces so effortlessly?
CHIP has become well known for tackling questions such as these experimentally.
CHIP has played a major role in the emergence of such new disciplines
as neuro-ethics, neurotheology, neuroeconomics,
neuro-aesthetics, and neuro-epistemology.
CHIP has four divisions, each operating with the common goal of furthering
our understanding of human cognitive processes and the neurological
bases of these processes. The subdivisions are: brain and perception
division, the cognitive processes division, the division of neuropharmacology
and alternative medicine, and the language processing division.
CHIP provides facilities for visiting scholars and supports workshops,
conferences, and brown-bag discussion groups centering on the theoretical
and empirical issues in each of these areas.
The Laboratory of Comparative Human Cognition: Each member
of LCHC pursues forms of critical empirical research, which aim to understand
the historical construction of human life. We use a range of methodological
tools to throw into relief the contingency of culturally inflected collective
social practices, change over time, and the implications of social practices
for human development. And, in keeping with the critical ethos of our
orientation, we often utilize strategies to actively initiate change
in the settings we investigate. We take an ecological approach, looking
at systems that include meditating tools, people, representations, institutions,
and activities. We are especially interested in the collective accomplishment
of knowledge practicescognition, learning, remembering (and forgetting),
teaching, research, and engineering. Collectively, our research spans
all ages. At the same time, because the institutionalization of social
practices holds an important place in our studies, specific projects
often take the form of educational or workplace
research. In both domains, the place of discourses, economics,
and technologies in the development of social relations of power, and
their implications for change over time, are scrutinized. We find comparisons
across these realms a powerful source of insight and theoretical development.
The LCHC published fifteen volumes of The Quarterly Newsletter
of the Laboratory of Comparative Human Cognition. It now publishes
a journal, Mind, Culture, and Activity: An International Journal.
The LCHC also coordinates an international electronic discussion (http://communication.ucsd.edu/MCA/Mail/index.html)
that currently includes more than 400 researchers from sixteen countries.
The LCHC conducts a weekly seminar and workshops focused on special
topics, including cutting-edge research reports from members of an interdisciplinary,
international group of LCHC alumni who visit periodically.
The Center for Iberian and Latin American Studies (CILAS) coordinates
and promotes Latin American and Iberian research and service activities
for faculty and students in all departments at the university and outreach
programs for the San Diego community. It sponsors multi-disciplinary
colloquia, conferences, projects and publications, collaborations and
exchanges with Latin American institutions, as well as library expansion.
The center is currently launching new initiatives in the areas of public
health; democracy, civil society, and citizenship; and cultural studies.
The center also hosts visiting scholars, and it awards grants and fellowships
each year to promising graduate students.
The Center for Magnetic Recording Research (CMRR) is devoted
to multidisciplinary research and education in areas of science and
engineering that form the foundation for information storage technologies
for computer disk and tape drives. Founded in 1983 in partnership with
a consortium of industrial sponsors, the centers continuing mission
is to advance the state-of-the-art in magnetic disk and tape storage
technologies, while producing highly trained graduate students and postdoctoral
professionals. Together, the centers faculty and graduates have
made major contributions to the remarkable progress that storage systems
have achieved in storage capacity, data transfer rate, and cost efficiency
over the past two decades.
CMRR supports four endowed professorial chairs, currently in the areas
of magnetic materials, recording physics, tribology and mechanics of
the head/medium interface, and signal processing and coding. The chaired
professors also hold faculty appointments in the Departments of Physics,
Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering.
Graduate student researchers, post-graduate researchers, professional
scientists, and visiting scholars representing international academic
institutions and industrial laboratories contribute to a research and
educational environment that is dynamic and varied.
As part of the centers mission to educate future leaders in
the vital information storage industry, the faculty teach specialized
classes at the undergraduate and graduate levels that train students
in the theoretical methods and experimental techniques underlying advanced
magnetic recording technology. In addition, the center contributes to
the continuing education of professionals in the storage industry through
regular seminars, research reviews, and focused workshops.
Virtually all major information storage companies are sponsors of
CMRR, and they provide substantial research support through their membership
fees, focused research grants, and graduate student fellowships. Real-world
research opportunities are also available to students through academic-year
and summer internships with selected sponsors. Additional support has
come from private foundations, state, and federal funding agencies,
as well as from active participation in joint university-industry programs,
such as those coordinated by the Information Storage Industry Consortium
(INSIC).
Through cooperative research projects and the CMRR affiliated faculty
program, the center also fosters interactions with researchers in other
campus organizations, including the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, the San Diego Supercomputer
Center, and the Information Storage Industry Center in the Graduate
School of International Relations and Pacific Studies. The interests
of these affiliates cover a broad spectrum, including novel materials
for data recording, disk-drive failure prediction, computational analysis
of the recording process, and the globalization of the magnetic recording
industry.
CMRR also supports a world-class Library/ Information Center for information
storage technology that provides a range of services to sponsors, resident
researchers, and students. Services include licensed database searching,
patent searching, document retrieval, and expedited access to proprietary
technical resources.
The Center for Molecular Agriculture (CMA) promotes research
and education in plant genetics and plant molecular biology with an
eye to the application of that research to the improvement of crops.
Crop improvement cannot any longer rely exclusively on traditional plant
breeding methods but requires the application of new technologies that
include but are not limited to genetics and genomics, informatics, molecular
gene isolation, and plant transformation. The CMA brings together researchers
from UCSD and the Salk Institute and is a resource for the entire San
Diego community. It provides a focal point for interaction with the
local and statewide agricultural biotechnology industry. The Center
wishes to play an active role in the debate about the safe cultivation
and use of genetically modified crops.
The Center for Molecular Genetics (CMG) promotes
molecular genetic research and the training of graduate students and
postdoctoral fellows
in the biological, chemical, and biomedical sciences. The center’s
research incorporates studies in both model systems and humans that
share a focus on dissecting the molecular basis of human diseases.
The latest techniques of gene isolation and manipulation, as well as
the genetic transformation of both cells and organisms, are applied
to major problems in biology and medicine. The center serves as a resource
for the entire UCSD campus for molecular genetic techniques, materials,
and facilities. The CMG also is host to seminar series, conferences,
and workshops that encourage cross-disciplinary interactions among
biomedical and bioinformatic investigators.
The Center for Research
in Biological Systems (CRBS) is an organized research unit that exists
to provide human resources, high-technology equipment, and administrative
services to researchers engaged in fundamental research on cell structure and
function relationships, particularly those involved in central nervous system
processes, cardiovascular networking, and muscular contraction. CRBS scientists
investigate these processes through invention, refinement, deployment of sophisticated
technologies, especially
- High-powered electron microscopes that reveal three-dimensional
cell structures
- State-of-the-art X-ray crystallography and magnetic resonance
analysis that provide
detail on protein structures at high resolution
- Laser-scanning and Confocal light microscopes that reveal
molecules tagged with
fluorescent markers as they traffic within cells and pass transfer
signals within and between cells
- High performance computing and grid-based integration of
distributed data
CRBS facilitates an interdisciplinary infrastructure in which people
from biology, medicine, chemistry, and physics can work with those
from computer
science
and information technologies in collaborative research. CRBS researchers
share interests
in the study of complex biological systems at many scales, from the
structures of enzymes, proteins, and the body’s chemical communications
network at atomic and molecular levels, to an organism’s physiology,
strength, and support at cellular and tissue levels.
The CRBS infrastructure
integrates resources for high-performance computing,
visualization and database technologies, and the grid-integration
of large amounts of archival storage data. The California Institute
for
Telecommunications
and
Information Technology (Cal-IT2) and the San Diego Supercomputer
Center (SDSC) are collaborators in simulating the activity of biological
systems,
analyzing
the results, and organizing the growing storehouse of biological
information.
The aims of CRBS researchers are met in interdisciplinary
research efforts of major federally funded research efforts that
are presently
the heart
of CRBS:
- BIRN, the Biomedical Informatics Research Network http://www.nbirn.net tests new modes of large-scale biomedical science. BIRN builds
infrastructure and technologies
to enable large-scale biomedical data mining and refinement.
- NCMIR,
the National Center for Microscopy Imaging Research http://www.ncmir.ucsd.edu specializes in the development of technologies for improving
the understanding of biological structure and function relationships
spanning the
dimensional range
from 5nm3 to 50µm3.
- NBCR, the National Biomedical Computation
Resource http://nbcr.ucsd.edu conducts,
catalyzes, and advances biomedical research by harnessing,
developing, and deploying
forefront computational, information, and grid technologies.
- JCSG,
the Joint Center for Structural Genomics http://www.jcsg.org creates new
technologies to drive high-throughput structure determination.
The Bioinformatics Core at UCSD is responsible for target selection, sample
tracking, information
management, structure validation and deposition, and poststructural
analysis. Through these functions, the group provides the integrated informatics
backbone
required for the successful operation of JCSG.
CRBS researchers
also have significant roles in collaborations with
- PRAGMA, Pacific
Rim Applications and Grid Middleware Assembly, http://www.pragma-grid.net establishes sustained collaborations and advances the
use of grid technologies in applications throughout the Pacific Region
to allow
data, computing, and other
resource sharing.
- Optiputer, http://www.optiputer.net, involves
the design and development of an
infrastructure to integrate computational, storage
and visualization resources over parallel optical networks using
lambda switching
communication mechanisms.
CRBS is an entity evolving as research evolves. It
was established in 1996 to involve researchers from disciplines
across UCSD,
the School of Medicine,
the
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Cal-IT2, and
SDSC, including bioengineering,
biology, chemistry, computer science, mathematics,
neurosciences, pharmacology, psychiatry, and physics, and forges interactions
with biotechnology
and biocomputing companies for technology transfer.
Interaction,
collaboration, and multiscale
research produce new perspectives, reveal fruitful
research topics, lead
to the development of new technologies and drugs, and
train a new generation of
researchers
in biological systems.
The Center for Research in Computing and the Arts (CRCA) is
an organized research unit of UCSD whose mission is to facilitate the
creation of
new forms of art that arise out of the developments of digital technologies.
Current focus areas include networked multimedia, virtual reality,
computer-spatialized audio, and live performance techniques for computer
music and graphics.
As the University of California’s oldest arts
research center, CRCA pursues innovative approaches to the arts,
crossing disciplinary boundaries with the
humanities, engineering, and the sciences. Faculty members devise new modes
of artistic practice through their liaisons with international cultural
institutions,
high-tech industries, and interdisciplinary collaborations.
CRCA coordinates
the New Media Arts layer of the California Institute for Telecommunications
and Information Technologies [Cal-(IT)2] at UCSD. The center’s cultural
research activities are considered a model “living laboratory” for
Cal-(IT)2 provocatively, and critically, pursuing new cultural forms and
social engagements provided by developments in IT and telecommunications.
CRCA
provides the support framework for a broad range of approaches to artistic,
scholarly, and technological development that is at the basis of our digitally
transformed culture. We actively encourage the investigation of what constitutes
the potent cultural acts of our time and the viable mechanisms that should
be engaged to create them. More information about the center, its researchers,
public
events, and the process for engagement, can be found at http://crca.ucsd.edu.
Center for Research in Language (CRL). The foci of the center
are on language processing, language learning, language disorders, and
simulations of all these aspects of language in artificial systems.
Research in the center is interdisciplinary and draws upon the fields
of linguistics, psychology, cognitive science, neurosciences, computer
science, and communication.
The centers facilities are designed to accommodate laboratory
research projects by the faculty and graduate students; facilities include
a number of high-performance work stations, a computer laboratory, extensive
equipment for audio recording and analysis, and equipment for psycholinguistic
experimentation.
Current research projects include studies of language and cognitive
development in children; language impairment in children and adults;
word and sentence processing in bilinguals; foreign vocabulary in American
Sign Language; development of neurally inspired parallel processing
models of speech perception; studies in first language acquisition;
cross-linguistic comparisons of the process of language acquisition
and aphasia; research on the integration of grammatical analyses and
theories; a project to collect large-scale text corpora in electronic
form; and a study of expectancy generation in sentence processing.
The center administers an NIH pre- and postdoctoral training grant, Language,
Communication and the Brain. CRL has also entered into several
institutional agreements with research institutions in Europe, Asia,
and the Americas,
providing for the exchange of personnel and support for projects of
mutual interest. An ongoing speaker series presents a broad range
of
experimental approaches to the study of language. The center publishes
a monthly electronic newsletter.
The Project in Cognitive and Neural Development is an activity of
CRL. Its purpose is to provide a forum for interdisciplinary research
on brain and cognition in human children, including research on the
neural bases of language and communication. The project brings together
faculty and research staff from the UCSD Departments of Cognitive Science,
Communication, Linguistics, Neurosciences, Psychology, Psychiatry and
Sociology, the San Diego State University Departments of Psychology
and Communication Disorders, and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.
The Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies (CUSMS), established in
1979, is the nations largest program devoted to the study of Mexico
and U.S.-Mexican relations. It supports research in the social sciences
and history, graduate student training, publications, and public education
activities that address the full range of problems affecting economic
and political relations between Mexico and the United States.
Through its visiting researchers program, the center each year sponsors
the research of predoctoral and postdoctoral scholars, who spend three
to nine months in residence. Typically, people from Mexico receive over
half of these awards, which are made through an open, international
competition. Other visiting fellows come from Europe, Canada, East Asia,
and the rest of Latin America. The centers permanent academic
staff also conducts long-term studies of Mexico’s competitiveness
in the global economy, Mexican financial markets, the impact of remittances
on development, political change and the administration
of justice in Mexico, environmental problems in Mexico and the U.S.-Mexico
borderlands, Mexican immigration to the U.S., and new forms of North
American economic integration. The center publishes much of the research
conducted under its auspices.
Each summer, the center conducts a seminar in studies of
the United States for twenty-three to twenty-five Latin American social
scientists and nonacademic professionals.
The centers interdisciplinary Research Seminar on Mexico and
U.S.-Mexican Relations, which meets throughout the academic year,
features presentations of recent research by scholars from throughout
the United States, Mexico, and other countries. In addition, several
research workshops on specialized subjects are held each year.
The center has an active public education program, which includes
frequent briefings for journalists, public officials, and community
groups.
The Glycobiology Research and Training Center (GRTC) seeks
to facilitate and enhance glycobiology research and training at UCSD.
Current faculty membership includes many UCSD faculty from several departments
across the School of Medicine, SIO, and the general campus as well as
adjunct faculty at nearby institutions. Affiliate members include interested
scientists in the La Jolla area as well as faculty from other UC campuses.
Glycobiology is the study of the structure, biosynthesis, and biology
of sugar chains (called oligosaccharides or glycans) that are widely
distributed in nature. All cells and many proteins in nature carry a
dense and complex array of covalently attached glycans. These are often
found on cellular and secreted macromolecules, in an optimal position
to modulate or mediate events in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions
that are crucial to the development and function of a complex multicellular
organisms. They can also mediate interactions between organisms (e.g.,
between host and parasite). In addition, simple, rapidly turning-over
protein-bound glycans are abundant in the nucleus and cytoplasm, where
they appear to serve as regulatory switches. The development of a variety
of new technologies for exploring the structures of these glycans has
recently opened up this new frontier of molecular biology.
The GRTC seeks to foster interactive research in glycobiology by coordinating
the availability of state-of-the-art instrumentation and expertise in
the structural analysis of glycans through a Glycotechnology Core Resource,
increasing intellectual and collaborative interactions by organizing
symposia, joint programs and seminars, coordinating joint applications
for extramural support, improving access to relevant informatics, and
facilitating the transfer of basic glycobiology research to practical
applications. The Center also strongly emphasizes graduate, postgraduate,
and medical student education in glycobiology, including contributions
by the faculty to core curricula, as well as to elective courses and
journal clubs.
The San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC) is an organized
research unit of UCSD that provides world leadership in developing
and applying
technology to advance science. SDSC research activities are undertaken
jointly with faculty from UCSD departments, including computer science
and engineering, bioengineering, biochemistry and chemistry, pharmacology,
physics, and Scripps Institution of Oceanography; local research institutions
such as The Scripps Research Institute and the Salk Institute for Biological
Studies; and national and international collaborators.
With a staff
of 400 scientists, software developers, and research, operations,
and user support staff, SDSC is focused on data management, high-end
computing,
integrative biosciences, geoscience, grid and cluster computing, and visualizations.
SDSC’s data management activities provide data integration
for large-scale application efforts within UCSD and beyond in fields
such
as geosciences, biological
and environmental sciences. Two key projects include the Geoscience Network
(GEON) and the Sceince Environment for Ecological Knowledge (SEEK).
GEON weaves together
separate informational strands into a unified fabric that enables the discovery
of data relationships within and across Earth science disciplines.
SEEK uses
SDSC’s computational science resources to provide the computational
and data-management components of UCSD’s strong environmental informatics
program. Reflecting the dramatic increase in humankind’s ability
to change the environment, the study of environmental informatics is increasingly
critical
to California. SDSC and UCSD are building and supporting a program that
spans
scales from the molecular level to entire populations, accurately modeling
the impact of population on the environment.
In addition, SDSC pursues data
management activities such as digital library initiatives, data-system
standardization, and opportunities to impact large-scale
data mining, analysis, and knowledge synthesis with academic, federal,
and commercial partners. SDSC’s high-end computing unit is
leading a national effort to understand and deploy the most capable
computational environments and
to make those environments easily accessible and usable by scientific
communities—locally,
nationally, and globally. SDSC maintains leadership in critical strategic
capabilities, including chemistry, parallel applications and performance
modeling, scientific
visualization, and increasing collaborations with the social sciences.
Researchers
involved in SDSC’s integrative biosciences area are developing
projects to understand how cellular behavior emerges from the molecular
level, how tissue behavior emerges from the cellular level, and
so on up to the level
of the organism. SDSC is collaborating in this area with the UCSD School
of Medicine, the Center for Research in Biological Structure, The
Scripps Research Institute,
the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, and local biotech and pharmaceutical
companies. SDSC also is focusing on large-scale collaborative bioscience
projects worldwide using an infrastructure based on high-performance
computation and analysis
of massive amounts of data.
As the leading-edge site of the National
Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure, SDSC is
collaborating with forty-one partner institutions.
The partnership is developing a ubiquitous, continuous, and pervasive
computational environment for tomorrow’s scientific discovery.
Major academic researchers around the country use the powerful computing
resources at SDSC to make breakthroughs
in diverse areas of science—from astronomy and biology to chemistry
and particle physics.
In early 2004, SDSC deployed DataStar, a 10.4
teraflops (trillion floating point operations per second) supercomputer
with a total shared memory
of 3.2 terabytes.
DataStar is among the top supercomputers in the world. DataStar is
used by researchers in academia and industry to conduct large-scale
scientific
research
applications
that involve extremely large data sets or have stressful input/output
requirements.
SDSC and four partners are developing the TeraGrid—the
first large-scale and production grid that provides a national
computational infrastructure for
open scientific research. SDSC’s partners are the National
Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois,
Argonne National Laboratory, the
Center for Advanced Computing Research at the California Institute
of Technology, and the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center. The TeraGrid
integrates more than 20
teraflops of computing power distributed at the five sites through
a cross-country network backbone that operates at 40 gigabits per
second. The storage facilities
at SDSC alone include more than 500 terabytes of high-speed disk
and six petabytes of archival storage. The complete TeraGrid project
also includes facilities for
high-resolution visualization environments, as well as toolkits
for grid computing.
SDSC hosts huge digital collections, including
astronomical images
from the 2-Micron All Sky Survey, images from the Art Museum Image
Consortium,
Chinese
text from
the Pacific Rim Digital Library Alliance, and tomographic images
of the human brain. The technology is also being used to prototype
persistent
digital
archives for the National Archives and Records Administration and
other government agencies
with huge data archives.
The Cooperative Association for Internet
Data Analysis (CAIDA) at SDSC engages Internet providers, vendors,
and users in engineering
and technical
collaborations
to promote a more robust, scalable Internet infrastructure. CAIDA
works with the community to develop and transfer tools and technologies
that
provide
engineering and other insights relating to the operation and
evolution of the Internet
infrastructure. CAIDA works with providers and researchers to
refine Internet traffic metrics,
foster shared research environments, and encourage the development
and testing of advanced networking technologies.
SDSC’s
Applied Network Research group is currently conducting two Internet
research projects. The first involves the National Laboratory
for Applied Network Research (NLANR), an NSF-supported collaboration
to provide technical, engineering,
and traffic analysis support for NSF’s High Performance
Connections sites and the nation’s high-performance network
infrastructure. NLANR members include SDSC, the National Center
for Supercomputing Applications at the University
of Illinois, the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, and the National
Center for Atmospheric Research. \
The second activity of the
Applied Network Research group is the High Performance Wireless
Research
and Education Network
(HPWREN),
a collaboration
with
SIO that created a noncommercial, prototype, high-performance,
wide-area wireless
network
in San Diego County. The NSF-funded network includes backbone
nodes on the UCSD campus and a number of “hard to reach” areas
in the county. HPWREN is demonstrating, and evaluating uses of
the prototype for network analysis research,
for high-speed Internet access for scientists involved in field
research projects involving geophysics, astronomy, and ecology,
and for educational opportunities
for rural Native American learning centers and schools.
The SDSC
Fellows Program promotes computational science and engineering
activities at UCSD and seeks to strengthen intellectual ties
between SDSC staff and
other researchers on campus. UCSD faculty members are invited
to join this program
by contacting Kim Baldridge, kimb@sdsc.edu,
(858) 534-5149.
Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU),
funded by NSF, provides an opportunity for undergraduates
to work on computational
science
research projects under
the guidance of SDSC mentors and their campus advisers. Students
can participate in a full-time summer program or part-time
during the academic
year. Candidates
must apply to and be accepted by the program. Stipends are
provided. For more information, contact Rozeanne Steckler,
steckler@sdsc.edu,
(858) 534-5122.
Projects
The goal of the African and African-American Studies Research Project
(AAASRP) is to facilitate faculty, postgraduate, and graduate research
in the areas of Africa and African diaspora studies in the social sciences
and the humanities, and to foster the comparative, cross-national, and
interdisciplinary dimensions of research, with a core group of scholars
drawn from several fields in the social sciences and humanities. These
research efforts are linked directly to larger local and international
community concerns.
The project sponsors visiting scholars, focused research groups, a
seminar, and symposia. Faculty from seven university departments are
involved. The project oversees the African Studies Minor. The project
is also part of the UC Systemwide Consortium of African Studies Programs
and the national Association of African Studies Programs. It provides
the basis for the establishment of an organized research unit on African
and African-American Studies at a later time. For more information,
contact the AAASRP office at (858) 822-0265.
The Project for Explaining the Origin of Humans is a broad-based
multidisciplinary coalition of individuals in the La Jolla area (from
UCSD as well as surrounding institutions) who are interested in defining
and explaining the evolutionary origins of humans and in generating
testable hypotheses and new agendas for research regarding this matter.
Areas of current interest include primate genetics and evolution, paleoanthropology
and hominid origins, mammalian and primate neurosciences, primate biology
and medicine, the roles of nature and nurture in language and cognition,
human and primate society and culture, comparative primate reproductive
biology, geographic, environmental and climatic factors in hominid evolution,
as well as general theories for explaining humans. The group includes
faculty from the Departments of Anthropology, Biology, Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Cognitive Science, Linguistics, Medicine, Neurosciences,
Oceanography, Pathology, and Psychology. A listing of participants can
be found at http://origins.ucsd.edu.
The Project in Display Phosphor Research provides a forum for
research on the synthesis, characterization, and processing of phosphors
for high definition display applications. The project brings together
faculty and researchers from the UCSD Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (MAE), and Electrical and Computer
Engineering (ECE). The project was organized in 1992 in order to expand
collaboration with other colleagues at UCSD and to extend research efforts
to address both near-term and future research issues concerning phosphor
materials and advanced displays.
The Project In Econometric Analysis (PEA) is concerned with
the analysis of economic and financial data and with techniques for
modeling relationships between economic variables and testing economic
theories. As economic variables have properties not generally found
in other fields, standard procedures from mainstream statistics are
often not appropriate. The field of econometrics has been developed
to deal with these issues. Its importance is indicated by its effect
on the methodologies in other social sciences, such as political science
and empirical history, and the fact that several Nobel Prize winners
in economics have been econometricians. In fact, the 2003 Nobel Prize
in economics was awarded to Clive Granger and Robert Engle, two of
the founders of the PEA.
The Project in Econometric Analysis (PEA) supports the work of an
active group of researchers and provides opportunities for productive
interaction among faculty and students. Areas of active research include
financial econometrics, non-linear time series modeling, properties
of neural network models, the theory of economic forecasting and various
actual applications including evaluations of models and forecasts in
finance and economics. The PEA allows links with workers from other
universities in this and other countries. In 20002001 and 20012002
the project had visitors from Europe, Asia, North America, and Australia;
some were senior and some were pre- and post-doctoral students. Faculty
members and graduate students associated with the project presented
their research at workshops and conferences worldwide. In addition,
PEA facilitates the submission of grant proposals to outside agencies.
The Project in Geometry and Physics (PGP), established in 1987,
provides opportunities for increased collaboration between mathematicians
and physicists. The project hosts several scientific meetings each year
and also sponsors a number of research seminars with distinguished scientists
from inside and outside the UCSD community.
The Project on International Affairs (PIA) is one of the international
programs within the Institute on International, Comparative, and Area
Studies, focusing on economic and political interactions between states.
The project serves to promote interdisciplinary research on international
politics and international economics; disseminate current research to
UCSD faculty and students; provide a multidisciplinary focal point for
research and programming; and enhance campus and community understanding
of international political and economic affairs.
The Project on Responsible Conduct of Research Education (RCR
Education Project) was created in 2003 to promote RCR education
both at UCSD and nationally. To achieve this goal, the RCR Education
Project is
facilitating the formation of an independent Responsible Conduct of
Research Education Consortium (RCREC). The RCREC will provide leadership
to the research community in promoting education in the responsible
conduct of research
The RCR Education Project and the RCREC are intended
to be a broad-based coalition, representing medical, social, and
behavioral research, and public and private
institutions. Through these collaborations, the RCR Education Project will
lay the foundations for the RCREC to advance programs of RCR education,
develop RCR
education standards, certify or identify programs that meet those standards,
facilitate the exchange of RCR education programs among research institutions,
and develop outcome measures to evaluate the success of the endeavor. Specific
objectives of the RCREC are to: 1) promote RCR education as a central responsibility
for any institution involved in research; 2) develop clear definitions for
RCR education, including goals, standards, competencies, and methods
for evaluating
the effectiveness of programs; 3) assist institutions, RCR programs, and investigators
in identifying and developing RCR education curricula and resources; 4) facilitate
discussion and collaboration among federal agencies, public and private research
institutions and organizations, professional societies, and businesses in developing,
coordinating, and sharing new and existing RCR educational programs within
the research community; and (5) identify and overcome barriers to fulfilling
RCR
educational needs and requirements. The Public Policy Research Project was established to facilitate
interdisciplinary research and educational opportunities in public
policy
and business-government interaction. Through conferences, focused
research groups, and lecture series, the project acts as a catalyst
for interaction
among economists, political scientists, moral philosophers, historians,
cognitive scientists, anthropologists, and sociologists. The project
supports programs that: (1) help faculty obtain funding that are engaged
in policy-related research, (2) conduct research apprenticeships for
doctoral students working on research projects dealing with issues
and
processes of public policy, and (3) provide technical support and
arrange faculty-proposed conferences within the scope of the projects
mission statement.
Natural Reserve System (NRS)
The Natural Reserve System (NRS) was founded to establish and
maintain significant examples of Californias diverse ecosystems
and terrain. These reserves are used for teaching and research in all
disciplines, from geology and environmental sciences to anthropology
and art. Faculty and students of the University of California and other
institutions are encouraged to use any of the thirty-four reserves in
the system for serious academic pursuits. The San Diego campus administers
the following four reserves:
Dawson Los Monos Canyon Reserve: This 218-acre reserve is located
in the cities of Carlsbad and Vista in north coastal San Diego County.
Its young, stream-cut valley contains a year-round creek with precipitous
north- and south-facing slopes. The major habitat types are Southern
Riparian Woodland, Diegan Coastal Sage Scrub, Perennial Coastal Stream,
Coast Live Oak Woodland, Mixed Grassland of native bunchgrass and introduced
annuals, and South Coastal Mixed Chaparral. This area is also of unique
and significant historical and archaeological value. A small field station
provides opportunities for small laboratory classes, overnight stays,
and on-site research.
Elliott Chaparral Reserve: Located ten miles to the east of
campus, this 107-acre reserve, adjacent to the large expanse of Marine
Corps Air Station Miramar that is undeveloped, features Chamise Chaparral
typical of the Southern California coastal plain and a large stand of
mature planted eucalyptus. It is readily available during a normal three-hour
lab period or for term paper-length field studies as well as for more
lengthy projects.
Kendall-Frost Mission Bay Marsh Reserve: This sixteen-acre
reserve, together with the city of San Diegos contiguous Northern
Wildlife Preserve, constitute the last remaining forty acres of tidal
salt marsh on Mission Bay and one of the few such wetlands remaining
in Southern California. It is recognized for the habitat it provides
for several rare and endangered birds including the light-footed clapper
rail, Beldings savannah sparrow, and the California least tern,
as well as many resident and migratory shorebirds and waterfowl, and
several fish species. An on-site trailer houses limited residential
and laboratory facilities, and extensive facilities exist within ten
miles on the UCSD main campus and at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
There are opportunities for studying restoration ecology of upland and
tidal habitats.
Scripps Coastal Reserve: This reserve consists of disjunct
shoreline and cliff-top (or knoll) portions. The shoreline
part consists of the 67 acre San Diego Marine Life Refuge extending
seaward 1,000 feet from the high tide line, and surrounding the Scripps
Institution of Oceanography (SIO) Pier. Habitats include sandy beach
and submerged plain, to 60 feet below mean lower low water, seasonally
exposed cobble beach, rocky reef, pier pilings, and upper submarine
canyon ledges. Habitats of the clifftop knoll and canyons include coastal
sage scrub, maritime succulent scrub, southern coastal mixed chaparral,
and disturbed grassland. The latter is particularly suitable for ecological
restoration experiments. This reserve is enhanced by the availability
of the laboratories and facilities of adjacent SIO and the main San
Diego campus.
Campuswide Research Facilities
Academic Computing Services
San Diego Supercomputer Center
The UCSD Libraries
Research at UCSD
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