1. Four lower-division courses, two from each of the following two groups:
   
   1. LTEN 21, 22, 23, and TWS 21.
   2. LTEN 17, 18, 19, and 60.
   
   Even if some or all of these courses are used toward meeting a college's humanities or general-education requirements, they will still count toward satisfying the requirements for the major in literatures in English.

2. Nine upper-division courses in literatures orginally written in English, including courses from each of the following five categories:
   1. British literature before 1660: at least two courses
   2. British literature from 1660 to 1832: at least one course
   3. British literature from 1832 to the present: at least one course
   4. United States literature before 1860: at least one course
   5. United States literature after 1860: at least one course
   
   
3. One course in literature/theory.

4. Three courses in a secondary literature, that is, a literature written and taught in a language other than English. At least one of these courses must be upper-division. Special studies courses (198s and 199s) and courses in foreign literatures taught in English translation do not apply to the secondary literature requirement.

5. Upper-division electives chosen from Department of Literature offerings to make a total of twelve upper-division courses.

Primary Concentration in a Foreign Literature

Literatures in French

1. Nine upper-division courses as follows:
   1. LTFR 115-116, Themes in French Intellectual and Literary History
   2. Seven additional upper-division courses in French literature, including at least one course in each of the following periods: seventeenth or eighteenth century; nineteenth century; and twentieth century.
   
   
2. Three courses in a secondary literature, that is, a literature written and taught in a language other than French. At least one of these courses must be upper-division. Special studies courses (198s and 199s) and courses in foreign literatures which are taught in French do not apply to the secondary literature requirement.

3. Upper-division electives chosen from Department of Literature offerings to make a total of twelve upper-division courses.

Literatures in German

1. Nine upper-division courses in German literature. Three of these should be in literature written before the year 1850.

2. Three courses in a secondary literature, that is, a literature written and taught in a language other than German. At least one of these courses must be upper-division. Special studies courses (198s and 199s) and courses in foreign literatures taught in German do not apply to the secondary literature requirement. See The Major in Literature, above, for applicable lower-division courses.

3. Upper-division electives chosen from Department of Literature offerings to make a total of twelve upper-division courses.

Literatures in Italian

1. Nine upper-division courses in Italian literature as follows:
   1. LTIT 100, Introduction to Italian Literature
   2. LTIT 115, Medieval Studies
   3. LTIT 161, Advanced Stylistics and Conversation
   4. LTCS 140, Subaltern Studies in Context or LTIT 150, Italian North American Culture
   5. Five additional upper-division courses in Italian literature taught in Italian
   
   
2. Three courses in a secondary literature, that is, a literature written and taught in a language other than Italian. At least one of these courses must be upper-division. Special studies courses (198s and 199s) and courses in foreign literatures taught in Italian do not apply to the secondary literature requirement. See The Major in Literature, above, for applicable lower-division courses.

3. Upper-division electives chosen from Department of Literature offerings to make a total of twelve upper-division courses.

Russian Literature

1. Russian 1A-B-C and 2A-B-C or their equivalent

2. Twelve upper-division courses in Russian:
   1. LTRU 101A-B-C or 104A-B-C
   2. LTRU 110A-B-C
   3. Six additional upper-division courses in Russian literature
   
   
3. Three courses in a secondary literature, that is, a literature written and taught in a language other than Russian. At least one of these courses must be upper-division. Special studies courses (198s and 199s) and courses in foreign literatures taught in Russian do not apply to the secondary literature requirement. See The Major in Literature, above, for applicable lower-division courses.

Students in the Russian literature major are encouraged to participate in the Education Abroad Program (EAP) in Moscow and to investigate other options for foreign study through the Opportunities Abroad Program (OAP). By petition, credits earned through EAP/OAP can fulfill UCSD degree and major requirments.

Literatures in Spanish

1. Two lower-division Spanish literature courses, as indicated:
   1. LTSP 50A, Peninsular Literature
   2. Either LTSP 50B or LTSP 50C, Latin Ameri- can Literature
   
   
2. Nine upper-division courses as follows:
   1. LTSP 130A, Development of Spanish Literature
   2. LTSP 130B, Development of Latin American Literature
   3. LTSP 119A, 119B, or 119C (Cervantes)
   4. Six additional upper-division courses in Spanish, Latin American and/or Chicano literature (taught in Spanish)
   
   
3. Three courses in a secondary literature, that is, a literature written and taught in a language other than Spanish. At least one of these courses must be upper-division. Special studies courses (198s and 199s) and courses in foreign literatures taught in Spanish do not apply to the secondary literature requirement. See The Major in Literature, above, for applicable lower-division courses.

4. Upper-division electives from Department of Literature offerings, whether in Spanish or in another literature, to make a total of twelve upper-division courses.

Students majoring in Spanish can choose to concentrate on either Spanish or Latin American literature. All students, however, are encouraged to take courses in the various national literatures as well as in Chicano literature for a broad background in Spanish language literatures.

Students not having a solid linguistic base in Spanish are advised to take intermediate language courses from the LTSP 2 and 50 sequences for additional review of Spanish grammar, development of writing skills, and introduction to literary analysis. Only 50A and either 50B or 50C, however, can count towards the major.

It is strongly recommended that students take LTSP 130A before any other upper-division Spanish (peninsular) literature course and LTSP 130B before any other upper-division Latin American literature course.

Primary Concentration in Literatures of the World

The major in Literatures of the World allows students to expand the focus of their work beyond a single-language literature. They plan an individual program with options in regional studies (Europe, the Americas, East Asia, Africa, Near East) and topical studies (genre, period, gender, ethnic literature, teacher education, literature and the visual arts, cultural studies, literature and science, writing, Third World Studies, The Western Tradition) as well as the single-language literatures.

1. Lower-division (three courses):
   A three-course sequence in literature chosen from any section in literature. Note: Students can combine courses in an original national language/literature with courses in translation to satisfy this requirement, such as LTFR 2A and 2B plus LTWL 4A (Fiction and Film in the 20th Century: France)

2. Upper-division (twelve courses):
   1. six courses in a regional or single-language literature, to be taken in the original language(s) or in translation
   2. four courses focused on a topic or another regional or single-language literature
   3. two courses in non-European and non-U.S. literature; if satisfied under group (a) or group (b), any other two literature courses may be substituted.
   
   
3. Three courses in a secondary literature, that is, a literature written and taught in a language different from that of the primary literature. At least one of these courses must be upper-division. Upper-division courses taken to satisfy the secondary literature requirement may be counted as part of the twelve upper-division courses for the major and may, where appropriate, be applied to requirements in Group 2. Students should see an adviser when selecting specific courses that will be taken to satisfy this requirement. Special studies courses (198s and 199s) and courses in foreign literatures taught in translation do not apply to the secondary literature requirement. See The Major in Literature, above, for applicable lower-division courses.

At least two of the required twelve upper-division courses must be in literature written before 1850. No more than four courses in Lit/Writing may be taken as part of the world literatures major, and these will generally apply to Group 2.b.

Courses formerly listed under General Literature were renumbered effective fall 1998 under the following subject headings:

LTAF–African Literatures
LTAM–Literature of the Americas
LTEA–East Asian Literatures
LTEU–European and Eurasian Literatures
LTNE–Near Eastern Literatures
LTWL–World Literatures (courses or sequences which do not belong to a single linguistic or regional grouping)

The Pre-Writing Major

Until they are admitted to the writing major, students may indicate their interest in writing by declaring a pre-writing major using the pre-writing major code (LT01). Admission to the writing major will be determined by evaluation of each student's performance in the LTWR 8A/8B/8C sequence.

Normally, students are expected to achieve a grade of B or better in each of these courses to ensure their eligibility for declaring the major.

Primary Concentration in Writing

The writing major is designed to provide directed experience in writing prose fiction and nonfiction, media workshops, and poetry, as well as intensive work in practical criticism. An indispensable feature of the program is that it involves students with the work of their peers. Those who think of themselves as writers will find courses regularly offered in the various genres to develop their own style and breadth of experience in composing and criticism. Students who are primarily interested in the teaching of writing will find the major a context both for writing extensively and for dealing critically with the act of written composition. Students must complete the sequence LTWR 8A-B-C prior to declaring a major in Literature/Writing. The major requirements are as follows:

1. Any of the following literature sequences:
   1. LTWL 4A-B-D-E-M–any three courses in the sequence (Fiction and Film in Twentieth-Century Societies)
   2. LTWL 19A-B-C (The Graeco-Roman World)
   3. LTEN 21, 22, and one course chosen from LTEN 17, 18, 19, 23, or 24.
   4. TWS 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 (Third World Literatures)
   
   
2. Twelve upper-division courses:
   1. Six upper-division courses in Lit/Writing from the writing workshop sequence (LTWR 100–135). These workshops may be repeated for credit (see course listing for number of times workshops may be repeated), but the requirement should show a range of writing experience in at least two major writing types. No other courses may be substituted for this basic requirement of six upper-division workshops.
   2. One course from the group numbered Lit/Writing 140-146.
   3. Five upper-division electives chosen from Department of Literature offerings.
   
   
3. Three courses in a secondary literature, that is, a literature written and taught in a language other than English. At least one of these courses must be upper-division. Students should see an adviser when selecting specific courses that will be taken to satisfy this requirement. Special studies courses (198s and 199s) and courses in foreign literatures which are taught in English translation do not apply to the secondary literature requirement. See The Major in Literature, above, for applicable lower-division courses.

Double Major in Literature/Writing and a Subject outside Literature

Students who wish to major both in Literature/Writing and in a department other than the Department of Literature must fulfill all requirements for the writing major as described above. Students must submit a double major petition for approval by the participating departments and the student's provost office.

Double Major within the Department of Literature in Literature/Writing and Another Literature

Students who wish to major both in literature/writing and in literature (any section) should see the department for information regarding appropriate double major requirements. Gene-rally, all requirements for each major must be completed, though the secondary literature and two upper-division courses, where appropriate, may overlap from one major to the other.

The Minor in Literature

The department offers a wide range of possibilities for noncontiguous minors. The options include courses in a single regional or national literature, courses in more than one literature, and a combination of language and literature courses. In all instances, the minors require six or seven courses depending upon a student's first quarter of attendance at UCSD. All courses taken to complete a literature minor must be taken for a letter grade. No grade below C– is acceptable.

Please see the department undergraduate office for specific minor requirements.

For students entering winter quarter 1998 and thereafter, a minor in literature will consist of seven courses as described below.

French, German, Greek, Italian, Latin, Russian, or Spanish Literature: seven courses, at least four of which must be upper-division in the same literature.

Literatures in English, Literatures of the World, and Literature/Writing: seven courses, at least five of which must be upper-division.

English—LTEN 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 50, 60
French—LTFR 2A-B-C, 50
German—LTGM 2A-B-C
Greek—LTGK 1, 2, 3
Hebrew—JUDA 1, 2, 3 (see Judaic Studies)
Italian—LTIT 2A-B, 50
Latin—LTLA 1, 2, 3
Russian—LTRU 2A-B-C
Spanish—LTSP 2A-B-C-D, 50A-B-C
Writing—LTWR 8A-B-C

Literatures of the World—For students entering Winter 1998 and thereafter: seven literature courses, at least five of which must be upper-division—usually 1) a two- or three-course lower-division sequence and 2) five upper-division courses with a single unifying theme.

Writing Minor—Seven courses, at least five of which must be upper-division. The minimum of five upper-division courses must cover at least two major writing genres, with course work chosen from writing courses numbered 100 through 146.

Please see the department for further information and specifics regarding minors in literature.

The Graduate Program

Doctoral Degree Program

The department offers a single Ph.D. in literature with concentrations in any of the fields in which members of the department do research (see below). The C.Phil. (candidate in philosophy) is conferred upon all students who pass the qualifying examination and are advanced to candidacy for the Ph.D. Students in the doctoral program may also qualify for the M.A. upon completion of their qualifying examinations.

Preparation

The following are requirements for admission to graduate study in literature:

1. A baccalaureate or a master's degree with a major in one of the literatures offered by the department, or in another field approved by the departmental committee on graduate studies.

2. Satisfactory scores on the Graduate Record Examination achieved within the past three calendar years. The Subject Test is not required.

3. A complementary working knowledge of a second language. Completed applications and supporting materials must be received by January 18, 2002, for admission to the following fall quarter. Those planning to apply should take the Graduate Record Examination far enough in advance so that the scores will be available to the admissions committee in January.

Course of Study

Formal study begins with a first-year, three-quarter introductory sequence (Literature/Theory 200A-B-C) having an interdisciplinary and theoretical emphasis. During the first three years, the course of study will include at least four seminars in one literature and two in another (students in comparative literature must take at least one seminar or upper-division undergraduate course in a third literature); at least four seminars drawn from offerings in literary theory, the second or a third literature, cultural studies, comparative literature, or composition studies; and five additional seminars open entirely to the student's choice (four for students in comparative literature). Such "open" seminars should generally be related to the intended dissertation field. Seminars in other disciplines may be substituted for any of the latter group, with the adviser's permission. Students must also fulfill a historical breadth requirement by completing two seminars dealing with texts or cultural practices prior to 1800. For students with approved M.A. degrees the initial three-year sequence can be reduced to two.

Students in comparative literature must take four of the above-described seminars in comparative literature. Comparative literature seminars taken for Literature 1, 2, or 3 must be substantially focused upon the relevant language and deal with materials in the original. Students who wish to take these courses in a literature for which seminars are not regularly offered in the Department of Literature may substitute 298s or undergraduate courses enhanced by additional assignments. To do so, however, students must demonstrate through prior course work that they have already attained graduate-level competency in the literature and language in question and they must obtain approval from the comparative literature graduate adviser.

In the sixth quarter, students may register for one four-unit independent study course to prepare reading lists for the subject-area qualifying examinations. The third year is spent in taking seminars and in preparing for the qualifying examinations. During this year, students may register for one four-unit independent study course in which they work on the long paper required for the qualifying examinations.

The qualifying examination is usually taken during the ninth quarter of enrollment. It must be completed by the end of the tenth quarter. The fourth and fifth years will be devoted to preparation of the dissertation.

Students may write dissertations in any of the fields in which members of the department do research. These fields include English, American, French, German, biblical Hebrew, Italian, Greek, Latin, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, Russian, Chicano, Asian-American, and African-American literature, comparative literature, literary theory, women's studies, cultural studies, early modern studies, and composition studies.

Specialty in Composition Theory, Research, and Practice

The Department of Literature offers special studies to graduate students who wish to concentrate on composition theory, research, and practice. The composition subspecialty is an interdisciplinary course of study that requires students to work with faculty both in the department and across the university. The department regularly offers graduate seminars taught by faculty in composition, along with a variety of seminars on history, theory, cultural studies, and literatures in English of special interest to students in composition. Students in special studies in composition take two research methods courses outside the department on topics such as field work, historiography, or research design in the human sciences to qualify them to conduct the research for their dissertations. Students are also encouraged to apply to teach in one of the five college undergraduate writing programs on campus, to see for themselves how classroom and administrative practice intersect with theory and research.

Language Requirements

Graduate students in literature are required to develop the ability to read literary and secondary texts and—when appropriate—to follow seminar discussions or lectures in a second language, a language other than the one in which the literature of their intended specialization is written. To satisfy this requirement students must demonstrate language proficiency and completion of two seminars in the literature of the second language or, in exceptional cases, by completing with the grade of A two upper-division undergraduate courses given in the language. Students must pass an examination in reading, interpretation, and translation in each of the two courses taken to satisfy the second language requirement. The language requirements must be satisfied by the end of the third year of study.

Doctoral students specializing in comparative literature require knowledge in depth of two foreign languages. "Knowledge in depth" means the ability to attend graduate seminars given in the original language (or seminars where the texts are read in the original language). Students must demonstrate this ability by enrolling in such seminars or, where this is not possible, by taking guided independent study in the language in question.

The M.A. program in comparative literature requires knowledge in depth of one foreign language.

Advancement to Candidacy

No later than the first quarter of the third year, the student should choose a Ph.D. adviser, who will, in consultation with the student, form a qualifying examination committee. The student and the qualifying examination committee will jointly determine the nature of the long research paper, (approximately 30 pages) and the two areas of specialization upon which the student will be examined in writing. After satisfactory completion of the paper and the written examinations, the student will take a two-hour oral doctoral examination. On passing the oral examination, the student is declared eligible for advancement to candidacy for the Ph.D. The C. Phil. degree is conferred on those so advanced. Thereupon, a doctoral dissertation is written. This work is defended in a traditional final examination.

Teaching

The department requires that each Ph.D. student do some apprentice teaching before the completion of the degree; the minimum amount required is equivalent to the duties expected of a half-time teaching assistant for three academic quarters. This teaching involves conducting, with the guidance and support of a supervising professor, discussion sections and related activities in a variety of freshman and sophomore courses. Academic credit is granted for the training given under the apprentice teaching program.

Grading

The only grading option for literature graduate courses is Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory (S/U). Students receive written evaluations of their performance in seminars.

Departmental Ph.D. Time Limit Policies

Students must be advanced to candidacy by the tenth quarter of study. Departmental normative time is five years. Total registered time at UCSD cannot exceed eight years.

Financial Support

Ph.D. students entering the program with a B.A. may be supported (either by employment or fellowships) for five years. Students who have an M.A. and have been given transfer credit may be supported for four years. Such support depends upon the funds available, the number of students eligible, and the rate of progress.

Master's Degree Program

The master's degree program is intended to meet the needs of several groups: (1) persons interested in possibly applying later, at UCSD or elsewhere, for admission to a Ph.D. program and wishing to strengthen their preparation for such a program; (2) persons seeking a master's degree only, for reasons of professional development or cultural enrichment; and (3) graduate students who have been admitted to the Ph.D. program and who decide to qualify also for a master's degree. The M.A. degree is currently available in five fields: literatures in English, French, German, Spanish, and Comparative literature. It is possible to take an M.A. with specific emphasis; for example, students may take an M.A. in Spanish with a special emphasis on bilingual discourse, or an M.A. in English with a special emphasis on composition theory. A special emphasis in cultural studies may be declared in combination with any M.A. degree. Note: The department does not offer financial support for M.A. candidates. It is possible, in cases of full-time employment or other compelling reasons, to apply for permission to enroll on a part-time basis.

Completed applications and supporting materials must be received by January 18, 2002 for admission to the following fall quarter. Those planning to apply should take the Graduate Record Examination far enough in advance so that the scores will be available to the admissions committee in January.

The requirements for the M.A. degree are a total of thirty-six units. Included must be the following:

1. Twenty units of graduate seminars, including Literature/Theory 201, which is normally taken during a student's first quarter in the program.

2. Eight additional units of graduate seminars, upper-division courses, and/or guided independent study. Up to four units of supervised teaching at UCSD may be applied toward this eight-unit requirement.

3. For the M.A. in French, German, Spanish, and Literatures in English, students will be required to complete a minimum of sixteen units of course work—including graduate seminars, upper-division classes, and Literature 298—in the specific literature, read in its original language, in which they will receive their degree. For the M.A. in comparative literature students will be required to complete a minimum of twelve units of course work in one literature of concentration. Comparative literature seminars are recommended when their focus is substantially upon the literature in question and they deal with materials in the original language.

4. Four units of literature in a language other than that of the student's principal concentration. For students in French, German, Spanish and literatures in English, this course may be taken either in the original language or in translation, and it may be used toward fulfilling the requirements listed under items 1 and 2 above. An upper-division or graduate course in English or American literature may be used to fulfill this requirement by students working toward an M.A. degree in French, German, or Spanish. An upper-division course in general literature may be taken to satisfy this requirement as long as its principal readings were originally written in a language other than that of their principal concentration. For the M.A. in comparative literature students must take either eight units of seminar work in the second literature (other than the literature of concentration) or four units of seminar work in a second and four units of seminar or upper-division course in a third literature. Texts or other materials must be dealt with in the original languages. Comparative literature seminars are recommended when their focus is substantially upon the literature in question and they deal with materials in the original language.

5. For the M.A. in comparative literature students must take at least one seminar in comparative literature. This requirement can be satisfied by a course taken for item 3 or item 4 above. Students wishing to take courses for requirements 3 or 4 above in a literature for which seminars are not regularly offered in the Department of Literature may substitute 298s or upper-division undergraduate courses enhanced by additional assignments. To do so, however, students must demonstrate through prior course work that they have already attained graduate-level competency in the literature and language in question and they must obtain approval from the comparative literature graduate adviser. Such 298s and upper-division courses should not exceed a total of two courses within a student's program unless demonstrably necessary.

6. Eight units of guided research, culminating in an acceptable master's thesis or master's examination.

The only grading option for literature graduate courses is Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory (S/U). Students receive written evaluations of their performance.

Courses

Note: A list of specific course offerings (with names of instructors for the following academic year) is available in the undergraduate office of the Department of Literature, LIT 3110. A list of graduate course offerings is available in the graduate office, LIT 3140.

Undergraduate students may enroll in graduate seminars with the consent of instructor and will receive a P/NP grade unless they petition for a letter-grade option within the first four weeks of the quarter in which the course is taken.

Chinese Literature

Upper-Division

Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Additional prerequisites may be specified below.

LTCH 101. Readings in Contemporary Chinese Literature (4)
Intended for students who have the competence to read contemporary Chinese texts, poetry, short stories, and criticism in vernacular Chinese. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

Comparative Literature

Graduate

LTCO 202B-C. History of European Criticism and Aesthetics (4-4-4)
A core course for comparative literature, strongly recommended for all graduate students in the comparative literature program. A historical survey of criticism and aesthetics divided as follows: 202B, Renaissance to Enlightenment; 202C, Romanticism to late nineteenth century.

LTCO 210. Classical Studies (4)
Analysis of significant works of the Greek and Roman traditions, with attention to their interest for later European literature. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTCO 212. Studies in the Hebrew Bible (4)
Analysis of books of the Hebrew Bible from literary, historical, archaeological, theological, and psychological perspectives; text-critical and source-critical study of the Hebrew text. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTCO 231. Eighteenth-Century Studies (4)
One or more major writers, texts, or trends of eighteenth-century European literature. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTCO 242. Nineteenth-Century Studies (4)
Consideration of one or more major figures, texts, trends, or problems in the nineteenth century. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTCO 252. Modernism (4)
A sample investigation into the concept of period. The course will deal also with the question of the existence of modernism, the description of the phenomenon, and the causes to which it is to be attributed. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTCO 264. Oral Literature (4)
An introduction, through the study of recordings of actual oral performance as well as of the written record, to research in oral literature and the theoretical and methodological problems entailed.

LTCO 270. Historical Thinking (4)
This seminar will address the ways in which concepts of history inform interpretive projects in comparative literature. Topics will include: hermeneutics, historicism, philology, the "new" historicism, historiographic theory, "Third World" historiography, the history of books, and experimental historiography. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTCO 274. Genre Studies (4)
A consideration of a representative selection of works relating to a theme, form, or literary genre. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTCO 281. Literature and Film (4)
A study of literature and film in relation to one another, to critical and aesthetic theories, and to historical contexts.

LTCO 282. Literature and Philosophy (4)
Questions and problems from the history of philosophy or from the various fields of philosophy (e.g., epistemology, ethics, logic) in their interaction with intellectual issues and questions addressed by literary criticism and theory. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTCO 295. M.A. Thesis (1–8)
Research for the master's thesis. Opened for repeated registration up to eight units. (Satisfactory/Unsatisfac-tory grades only.) Prerequisite: enrolled in M.A. program.

LTCO 296. Research Practicum (1–12)
Research project to be developed by a small group of students under the continued direction of individual faculty members. Primarily a continuation of a previous graduate seminar. The 296 courses do not count toward the seminar requirement. Repeatable for credit.

LTCO 297. Directed Studies: Reading Course (1–12)
This course may be designed according to an individual student's needs when seminar offerings do not cover subjects, genres, or authors of interest. No paper required. The 297 courses do not count toward the seminar requirement. Repeatable for credit.

LTCO 298. Special Projects: Writing Course (1–12)
Similar to a 297, but a paper is required. Papers are usually on subjects not covered by seminar offerings. Up to two 298s may be applied toward the twelve-seminar requirement of the doctoral program. Repeatable for credit.

LTCO 299. Dissertation (1–12)
Research for the dissertation. Offered for repeated registration. Open only to Ph.D. students who have advanced to candidacy.

Literature/Cultural Studies

Lower-Division

LTCS 50. Introduction to Cultural Studies (4)
An introduction to cultural studies with a focus on the following areas: literary and historical studies, popular culture, women's studies, ethnic studies, science studies, and gay/lesbian studies. Particular emphasis on the question of "cultural practices" and their social and political conditions and effects.

Upper-Division

Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor.

LTCS 100. Theories and Methods in Cultural Studies (4)
Reading in some of the major theoretical texts that have framed work in cultural studies, with particular emphasis on those drawn from critical theory, studies in colonialism, cultural anthropology, feminism, semiotics, gay/lesbian studies, historicism, and psychoanalytic theory. Prerequisite: upper-division standing.

LTCS 110. Popular Culture (4)
A reading of recent theory on popular culture and a study of particular texts dealing with popular cultural practices, both contemporary and noncontemporary, as sites of conflict and struggle. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTCS 120. Historical Perspectives on Culture (4)
The course will explore the relation among cultural production, institutions, history, and ideology during selected historical periods. In considering different kinds of texts, relations of power and knowledge at different historical moments will be discussed. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTCS 130. Gender, Race/Ethnicity, Class, and Culture (4)
The course will focus on the representation of gender, ethnicity, and class in cultural production in view of various contemporary theories of race, sex, and class. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTCS 135. Interdisciplinary Approaches to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies (4)
Introduction to interdisciplinary examination of human sexuality and, especially, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender identities and desires. Juxtaposes perspectives from humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Introduces queer theory to understand sexuality in relation to phenomena such as government, family, culture, medicine, race, gender, and class.

LTCS 140. Subaltern Studies in Context (4)
This course will explore some basic texts related to subaltern studies and the variations in the field as related to national and historical situations. Repeatable for credit when readings and focus vary.

LTCS 150. Topics in Cultural Studies (4)
The course will examine one or more forms of cultural production or cultural practice from a variety of theoretical and historical perspectives. Topics may include: contemporary debates on culture, genres of popular music/fiction/film, AIDS and culture, the history of sexuality, subcultural styles, etc. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTCS 155. The Cultural Politics of Science and Technology (4)
The course will examine interventions by the technosciences in the lives of citizens in the domains of biology, genetics, and medicine, including technologies of reproduction, drug testing, the Human Genome Project, scientific/medical responses to AIDS, etc. Repeatable for credit.

LTCS 170. Visual Culture (4)
The course will focus on visual practices and discourses in their intersection and overlap, from traditional media, print, and photography to film, video, TV, computers, medical scanners, and the Internet.

LTCS 198. Directed Group Study (4)
Directed group research, under the guidance of a member of the faculty, in an area not covered in courses currently offered by the department. (P/NP only.) Prerequisite: permission of the department.

LTCS 199. Special Studies (2 or 4)
Individual reading in an area not covered in courses currently offered by the department. (P/NP only.) Prerequisite: permission of the department.

Graduate

LTCS 201. Theories and Methods of Analysis in Cultural Studies (4)
Contemporary theories of cultural studies. The seminar will concentrate on major interpretive approaches drawn from several areas of cultural and political analysis, including historicism, Marxist theory, feminism, structuralism, psychoanalytic theory, semiotics, postmodernist studies, gay and lesbian studies, and others. The particular focus and approach may vary. Repeatable for credit. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

LTCS 202. Cultural Texts (4)
This seminar will examine a wide-ranging variety of cultural texts and use them to explore methods of reading and interpreting culture. Cultural texts may include: popular music, popular literature, film/TV/video, comics, photography, performance art.

LTCS 210. History and Culture (4)
This seminar will focus on the cultural practices of a particular historical period as a means of analyzing the relation between culture/ideology and economic and political modes of production and domination. Topic, historical period, and theoretical approach may vary. Repeatable for credit. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

LTCS 220. Film/TV/Video Studies (4)
The seminar will concentrate on genres or subgenres within film/TV/video studies or on a stand of film/TV/video theory. Possible topics may include: horror film, melodrama, sitcoms/soaps/talk shows, music videos, black or queer cinema, etc. Repeatable for credit.

LTCS 222. Theory and History of Film (4)
This course will consider various theoretical approaches to film texts (historical-materialist, feminist, psychoanalytic, semiotic) as well as the history of film, the political economy of film production and distribution, exhibition practices, and spectatorship in national and transnational contexts. Repeatable for credit.

LTCS 225. Interdisciplinary and Historical Analysis of Cultural Texts (4)
The seminar will focus on a particular historical period and examine a variety of cultural texts vis-a-vis related historical, economic, political, and sociological discourses. The conjunction and disjunction of approaches will be explored in relation to specific texts. Repeatable for credit.

LTCS 250. Topics in Cultural Studies (4)
This seminar will be organized around any of various topic areas relating to cultural studies. These might include studies in colonialism, historicism, gender, sexuality, social institutions, popular culture, subaltern practices, etc. May be repeated for credit as topics vary. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

LTCS 255. Cultural Studies, Colonialism, and Decolonialization (4)
This course considers different approaches to the study of colonialism in a variety of national contexts. Educational, legal, religious, military, and cultural apparatuses of colonialism, theories of decolonialization, the "postcolonial" and feminist critiques of "modernity"/modernization will also be studied.

LTCS 256. Cultural Studies of Technoscience (4)
The course will explore work in cultural studies, feminist studies, and queer theory of scientific practices altering social relations, cultural identities, and conceptions of "nature." Issues may include the AIDS pandemic, genetic research, electronic communities, reproductive technologies, and other topics. Repeatable for credit.

LTCS 260. National Cultures (4)
Selected topics on the construction of national cultural identities. Investigation of the dynamics of canon formation and nation building in specific historical contexts. Repeatable for credit.

LTCS 295. M.A. Thesis (1–8)
Research for master's thesis. May be repeated for a cumulative total of up to eight units.

LTCS 296. Research Practicum (1–12)
Research project to be developed by a small group of students under the continued direction of individual faculty members. Primarily a continuation of a previous seminar. The 296 courses do not count toward the seminar requirement. Repeatable for credit.

LTCS 297. Directed Studies: Reading Course (1–12)
This course may be designed according to an individual student's needs when seminar offerings do not cover subjects, genres, or authors of interest. No paper required. The 297 courses do not count toward the seminar requirement. Repeatable for credit.

LTCS 298. Special Projects: Writing Course (1–12)
Similar to a 297, but a paper is required. Papers are usually on subjects not covered by seminar offerings. Up to two 298s may be applied toward the twelve-seminar requirement of the doctoral program. Repeatable for credit.

LTCS 299. Dissertation (1–12)
Research toward the dissertation. Open only to Ph.D. students who have advanced to candidacy. Repeatable for credit.

Literatures in English

Lower-Division

LTEN 17. Introduction to African American Literature (4)
A lecture discussion course that examines a major topic or theme in African American literature as it is developed over time and across the literary genres of fiction, poetry, and belles lettres. A particular emphasis of the course is how African American writers have adhered to or departed from conventional definitions of genre.

LTEN 18. Introduction to Asian-American Literature (4)
This course provides an introduction to the study of the history, communities, and cultures of different Asian-American people in the United States. Students will examine different articulations, genres, conflicts, narrative forms, and characterizations of the varied Asian experience.

LTEN 19. Introduction to Chicano Literature (4)
This course provides an introduction to the literary production of the population of Mexican origin in the United States. Students will examine a variety of texts dealing with the historical (social, economic, and political) experiences of this heterogeneous population.

LTEN 21. Introduction to the Literature of the British Isles: Pre-1660 (4)
An introduction to the literatures written in English in Britain before 1660, with a focus on the interaction of text and history.

LTEN 22. Introduction to the Literature of the British Isles: 1660–1832 (4)
An introduction to the literatures written in English in Britain and Ireland between 1660 and 1832, with a focus on the interaction of text and history.

LTEN 23. Introduction to the Literature of the British Isles: 1832–Present (4)
An introduction to the literatures written in English in Britain, Ireland, and the British Empire (and the former British Empire) from 1832 to the present, with a focus on the interaction of text and history.

LTEN 24. Introduction to the Literature of the United States (4)
An introduction to the literatures written in English in the United States, with a focus on the interaction of text and history.

LTEN 50. Introduction to Shakespeare: The Theatre and the World (4)
An introduction to Shakespeare's dramatic achievement through the study of several major plays—representative comedies, histories, and tragedies—in their literary, intellectual, and social contexts.

LTEN 60. Topics in Ethnic American Literature (4)
A lecture and discussion course that critically examines the literary and cultural production emerging out of racialized, ethnic, and immigrant communities in the United States. Course may include fiction, poetry, novels, plays, popular culture, and film.

Upper-Division

Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Additional prerequisites may be specified below.

LTEN 106. The Medieval Period (4)
Studies in medieval English literature. Topics such as medieval allegory in English, Chaucer's contemporaries, Middle English lyrics, and Middle English romances as well as surveys of Middle English literature will be presented.

LTEN 107. Chaucer (4)
A study of Chaucer's poetic development, beginning with The Book of the Duchess and The Parliament of Fowls, including Troilus and Criseyde, and concluding with substantial selections from The Canterbury Tales.

LTEN 110. The Renaissance: Themes and Issues (4)
Major literary works of the Renaissance, an exciting period of social and cultural transformation in England as elsewhere in Europe. Topics may include a central theme (e.g., humanism, reformation, revolution), a genre (e.g., pastoral), or comparison with other arts and sciences.

LTEN 112. Shakespeare I: The Elizabethan Period (4)
A lecture/discussion course exploring the development of Shakespeare's dramatic powers in comedy, history, and tragedy, from the early plays to the middle of his career. Dramatic forms, themes, characters, and styles will be studied in the contexts of Shakespeare's theatre and his society. Enrollment limited to upper-division students.

LTEN 113. Shakespeare II: The Jacobean Period (4)
A lecture/discussion course exploring the rich and varied achievements of Shakespeare's later plays, including the major tragedies and late romances. Dramatic forms, themes, characters, and styles will be studied in the contexts of Shakespeare's theatre and his society. Enrollment limited to upper-division students.

LTEN 114. Shakespeare III: Stage, Film, and Television (4)
A lecture/discussion/laboratory course involving the close study of six to eight plays representative of Shakespeare's artistic career with particular emphasis upon the interrelation of Elizabethan plays and the stage and the critical implications of transposing plays to film and television. (Generally offered in summer session only.)

LTEN 115A. The Sixteenth Century: Themes and Issues (4)
Selected topics concerned with sixteenth-century English literature as a whole.

LTEN 115D. The Golden Age of Elizabethan Literature (4)
An introduction to the literary achievement of Elizabethan England during the last two decades of the sixteenth century. Works by major writers in a variety of literary forms (e.g., sonnet, mythological poem, romantic epic, pastoral, satire, prose fiction, heroic and tragic drama) are studied in relation to relevant social contexts.

LTEN 116. Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama (4)
The study of representative plays from one of the great moments in the history of dramatic literature. Tragedies and comedies, primarily by Shakespeare's contemporaries and successors, are read in the context of the historical, social, and intellectual background of the period.

LTEN 117A. The Seventeenth Century: Themes and Issues (4)
Selected topics in English literature during a period when writers felt deeply the impact of social change, religious controversy, the emergence of the "New Science," and the English Civil War. Readings chosen from among the works of a diverse group of writers, including Jonson, Donne, Bacon, Milton, Marvell, and Dryden.

LTEN 118. Milton (4)
A critical examination of the major works, including Paradise Lost, by an author who was both a central figure in English political life in a revolutionary age and, in the view of most critics, the greatest non-dramatic poet in the English language. The course will study his poetic development in a variety of historical contexts.

LTEN 119. Restoration Literature (4)
The literature of a period following twenty years of civil war and revolution which saw the reopening of theatres and the rise of the professional writer. Topics may include Restoration comedy and tragedy; satire; neoclassical literary theory.

LTEN 120A. The Eighteenth Century: Themes and Issues (4)
Selected topics in English literature during an age of satiric writing, the shift from neoclassicism to romanticism, the emergence of the novel, and the expansion of the reading and writing public among the middle class and women. Writers such as Defoe, Pope, Swift, Richardson, Johnson, Burney, Wollstonecraft. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTEN 120D. William Blake and the Age of Sensibility (4)
A study of the great visionary poet and artist, William Blake, in the context of several of his eighteenth-century contemporaries, such as Gray, Collins, Chatterton, and Cowper.

LTEN 120E. Women in the Eighteenth Century (4)
Selected topics concerning British women writers and readers in an age of increasing female participation in print culture. Topics include women writers; representations of women, domesticity, and the family in the novel, in drama, in satire; early feminist writing; literary constructions of gender. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTEN 125A. Romanticism: Themes and Issues (4)
Selected topics concerned with the romantic period as a whole.

LTEN 125B. First Generation Romantic Poets (4)
The poets who came of age during the French Revolution and who inaugurated literary modes that continue in our own time: Wordsworth, Coleridge, Blake, and their contemporaries.

LTEN 125C. Second Generation Romantic Poets (4)
Byron, Keats, Shelley, and their contemporaries.

LTEN 125F. Byron and Byronism (4)
Lord Byron's life, works, and cultural impact, including an examination of some later authors, such as Carlyle and the Brontes, who responded to Byron through their own writings.

LTEN 125G. Keats and His Poetical Heirs (4)
The major poetry of John Keats considered together with selected works influenced by him, including poems by such authors as Tennyson, Christina Rossetti, Hopkins, Hardy, Yeats, and Stevens.

LTEN 127A. The Victorian Period: Themes and Issues (4)
Selected topics concerned with Victorian literature as a whole.

LTEN 127B. Victorian Poetry (4)
Tennyson, Browning, Arnold, Clough, Hopkins, and their contemporaries.

LTEN 127G. The Nineties: Decade of Decadence (4)
Selected topics concerning literature and culture from the 1890s. Themes and metaphors of the fin de siecle might include imperial decline, sexual anarchy, crises of transition, the emergence of modern sexual identity, censorship issues, boundary violations.

LTEN 130A. Modern British Literature: Themes and Issues (4)
Selected topics concerned with modern British literature as a whole.

LTEN 132. Modern Irish Literature (4)
The Irish Revival and its aftermath: Yeats, Synge, O'Casey, Joyce, Beckett, and their contemporaries.

LTEN 133. Modern Scottish Literature (4)
This course takes Scottish writing from the Kailyard School of the late nineteenth century through the 1920s' revival of Scottish nationalism, to the 1980s' emergence of Glasgow as a literary center.

LTEN 135. Twentieth-Century Literature from the Indian Subcontinent (4)
An examination of the changes in a literature produced from a specific geographic location during a specific historical period–literature in English from British India (between 1900–1947) and from independent Pakistan and India (after 1947).

LTEN 140. The Early Nineteenth-Century British Novel (4)
Includes the work of Jane Austen, Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte, Mary Shelley, and Charles Dickens.

LTEN 141. The High Victorian Novel (4)
Dickens, Thackeray, Trollope, Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte.

LTEN 142. The End of Victorianism (4)
The work of Robert Louis Stevenson, H.G. Wells, Thomas Hardy, Rudyard Kipling, and Joseph Conrad.

LTEN 143. The English Novel in the Eighteenth Century (4)
This course studies the writing of the novel in English during the eighteenth century. The focus of the course may be an introduction to selected major writers and texts, or a particular issue or problem in the literary and social history of the novel. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTEN 144. The English Novel in the Nineteenth Century (4)
This course studies the writing of the novel in English during the nineteenth century. The focus of the course may be an introduction to selected major writers and texts, or a particular issue or problem in the literary and social history of the novel. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTEN 145. The English Novel in the Twentieth Century (4)
This course studies the writing of the novel in English during the twentieth century. The focus of the course may be an introduction to selected major writers and texts, or a particular issue or problem in the literary and social history of the novel. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTEN 146. Women and English/American Literature (4)
Selected topics concerning women and anglophone literature. Topics include women writers, the literary representation of women, and women as readers. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTEN 147. Metamorphoses of the Symbol (4)
An investigation of a single symbol–such as the cave or the mountain–as it functions within the literature and other expressions of widely different historical moments, with an emphasis upon English and American literature. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEN 148. Genres in English and American Literature (4)
An examination of one or more genres in English and/or American literature, for example, satire, utopian fiction, autobiography, landscape poetry, the familiar essay. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEN 149. Themes in English and American Literature (4)
A consideration of one of the themes that recur in many periods of English or American literature, for instance, love, politics, the role of women in society. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEN 150. Gender, Text, and Culture (4)
This course studies representations of the sexes and of their interrelationship in various forms of writing produced during different phases of English history. Emphasis will be placed upon connections of gender and of literature to other modes of social belief, experience, and practice. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTEN 152. The Origins of American Literature (4)
Studies in American writing from the Puritans to the early national period (1620–1830), with emphasis on the thrust and continuity of American culture, social and intellectual, through the beginnings of major American writing in the first quarter of the nineteenth century.

LTEN 153. The Revolutionary War and the Early National Period in U.S. Literature (4)
A critical examination of how writing of various kinds—political, philosophical, and literary—functioned in the construction of the political body of the new American republic and the self-conception of its citizens.

LTEN 154. The American Renaissance (4)
A study of some of the chief works, and the linguistic, philosophical, and historical attitudes informing them, produced by such authors as Emerson, Hawthorne, Melville, Dickinson, and Whitman during the period 1836–1865, when the role of American writing in the national culture becomes an overriding concern.

LTEN 155. Interactions Between American Literature and the Visual Arts (4)
An exploration of the parallels between the work of individual writers, or movements, in American literature and the style and content of the work of certain visual artists. The writers studied are always American; the artists or art movements may represent non-American influences on these American writers. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEN 156. American Literature from the Civil War to World War I (4)
A critical examination of works by such authors as Mark Twain, Henry James, Kate Chopin and Edith Wharton, who were writing in an age when the frontier was conquered and American society began to experience massive industrialization and urbanization.

LTEN 158. Modern American Literature (4)
A critical examination of American literature in several genres produced between the turn of the century and World War II. Attention will be given to historical and cultural contexts for defining American modernism. Prerequisite: upper-division standing. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTEN 159. Contemporary American Literature (4)
A critical examination of American literature in several genres produced since World War II. Attention will be given to historical and cultural contexts for defining American postmodernism. Prerequisite: upper-division standing. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTEN 160. Ideas and Photographic Images in American Culture (4)
Relate the history of photography in America to the history of ideas in American culture. It assumes that photographers think in images and through their images participate in cultural discourse. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTEN 172. American Poetry II—Whitman through the Modernists (4)
Reading and interpretation of American poets from Whitman through the principal modernists—Pound, H.D., Eliot, Moore, Stevens, and others. Lectures will set the appropriate context in sociocultural and literary history.

LTEN 174. American Fiction II—Since Middle James (4)
Reading and interpretation of American fiction from Henry James through the principal modernists—Fitzgerald, Stein, Welty, Faulkner, and others. Lectures will set the appropriate context.

LTEN 175A. New American Fiction—Post-World War II to the Present (4)
Reading and interpretation of American fiction from the mid-1940s to the present. Lectures will set the appropriate context in sociocultural and literary history. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTEN 175B. New American Poetry—Post-World War II to the Present (4)
Reading and interpretation of American poets whose work has made its major impact since the last war, for instance Charles Olson, Robert Creeley, Denise Levertov, Adrienne Rich, Allen Ginsberg, Frank O'Hara, and John Ashbery. Lectures will set the appropriate context in sociocultural and literary history. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEN 176. Major American Writers (4)
A study in depth of the works of major American writers. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEN 177. California Literature (4)
Reading and interpretation of such novelists as London, Norris, Steinbeck, West, and Didion and such poets as Jeffers, Rexroth, Everson, Duncan, and Snyder. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEN 178. Comparative Ethnic Literature (4)
A lecture-discussion course that juxtaposes the experience of two or more U.S. ethnic groups and examines their relationship with the dominant culture. Students will analyze a variety of texts representing the history of ethnicity in this country. Topics will vary.

LTEN 179. Italian North American Culture (4)
This course will consider the phenomenon of Italian emigration as a product of sociopolitical trends in nineteenth-century Italy and Europe that led to Italian unification in 1861. Within that context, an analysis of the cultural products of Italian North Americans will be used to read contemporary trends in multiculturalism and ethnic culture in North America.

LTEN 180. Chicano Literature in English (4)
Introduction to the literature in English by the Chicano population, the men and women of Mexican descent who live and write in the United States. Primary focus on the contemporary period.

LTEN 181. Asian American Literature (4)
Selected topics in the literature by men and women of Asian descent who live and write in the United States. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTEN 183. African American Prose (4)
Analysis and discussion of the novel, the personal narrative, and other prose genres, with particular emphasis on the developing characteristics of African American narrative and the cultural and social circumstances that influence their development.

LTEN 184. African American Poetry (4)
Close reading and analysis of selected works of African American poetry as they reflect styles and themes that recur in the literature.

LTEN 185. Themes in African American Literature (4)
An intensive examination of a characteristic theme, special issue, or period in African American literature. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTEN 186. Literature of the Harlem Renaissance (4)
The Harlem Renaissance (1917–39) focuses on the emergence of the "New Negro" and the impact of this concept on black literature, art, and music. Writers studied include Claude McKay, Zora N. Hurston, and Langston Hughes. Special emphasis on new themes and forms.

LTEN 187. Black Music/Black Texts: Communication and Cultural Expression (4)
Explores roles of music as a traditional form of communication among Africans, Afro-Americans, and West-Indians. Special attention given to poetry of black music, including blues and other forms of vocal music expressive of contestatory political attitudes. Prerequisite: upper-division standing.

LTEN 188. Contemporary Caribbean Literature (4)
This course will focus on contemporary literature of the English-speaking Caribbean. The parallels and contrasts of this Third World literature with those of the Spanish- and French-speaking Caribbean will also be explored.

LTEN 189. Twentieth-Century Postcolonial Literatures (4)
The impact of British colonialism, national independence movements, postcolonial cultural trends, and women's movements on the global production of literary texts in English. Course is organized by topic or geographical/historical location. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTEN 190. Seminars (4)
These seminars are devoted to a variety of special topics, including the works of single authors, genre studies, problems in literary history, relations between literature and the history of ideas, literary criticism, literature and society, and the like. The student may enroll in more than one section in a single quarter.

LTEN 196. Honors Thesis (4)
Senior thesis research and writing for students who have been accepted for the Literature Honors Program and who have completed LTGN 191. Oral exam.

LTEN 198. Directed Group Study (4)
Research seminars and research, under the direction of a member of the staff. May be repeated for credit three times.(P/NP grades only.) Prerequisite: permission of department.

LTEN 199. Special Studies (2 or 4)
Tutorial; individual guided reading in an area not normally covered in courses. May be repeated for credit three times.(P/NP grades only.) Prerequisite: permission of department.

Graduate

Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

LTEN 222. Elizabethan Studies (4)
Selected topics in the study of literary, dramatic, and other Elizabethan cultural texts. Emphasis will be upon articulations among a range of discourses, practices, and institutions. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTEN 224. Seventeenth-Century English Literature (4)
Consideration of one or more figures, texts, or trends in seventeenth-century English literature, including the metaphysical poets and Jacobean drama. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEN 226. Shakespeare (4)
Shakespeare's plays in relation to the Elizabethan background; selected major texts. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEN 231. Restoration and Eighteenth-Century English Literature (4)
Consideration of one or more figures, texts, or trends in Restoration and eighteenth-century English literature, including Dryden, Pope, Swift, the early novel, satire. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEN 241. English Literature of the Romantic Period (4)
A study of the major poetry and related prose of early nineteenth-century literature. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEN 243. Early American Literature and Culture (4)
Consideration of one or more major figures, texts, or trends in Colonial and/or Revolutionary period American Literature, in particular, the relationship between literature and culture. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

LTEN 245. Nineteenth-Century American Studies (4)
Consideration of some of the principal writers and movements in nineteenth-century American literature. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEN 246. Victorian Literature (4)
Consideration of one or more major figures, texts, or trends in the Victorian period. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEN 252. Studies in Modern American Literature and Culture (4)
Consideration of one or more major figures, texts, or trends in American literature, in particular the relationship between literature and culture. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEN 256. Postcolonial Discourses (4)
A survey of selected responses to imperialism and colonialism as presented in cultural texts produced by colonized or once-colonized peoples. Related issues to be examined: gender dynamics, class, representing others, mimicry, language, cultural theory, and the politics of literary genres. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTEN 271. Genres in English (4)
Consideration of one or more genres present in English and/or American literature, for instance, the ballad, landscape poetry, comedy, satire, the familiar essay. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEN 272. Cultural Traditions in English (4)
The study of writing produced over an extended period of time by members of an identifiable cultural formation as defined, e.g., by political/social ideology, class, religion, ethnicity, or sexual preference. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTEN 279. Methodology Studies in Literatures in English (4)
Topics that relate new developments and internal debates in the field to the practice of teaching. Multiculturalism, cultural studies in relation to traditional English studies, revision of the canon; practical teaching issues including construction of syllabi, lecturing on topics that are under contestation, sensitivity to the traditions of the field and to recent debates and the needs of students in the 1990s. Repeatable when topics vary.

LTEN 281. Practicum in Literary Research and Criticism (4)
This course will focus on strategies for framing, organizing, and drafting projects in literary research. Students will study and apply various forms of literary methodology and will learn about recent developments in bibliography, textual editing, and research. May be repeated twice for credit as topics vary.

LTEN 295. M.A. Thesis (1-8)
Research for the master's thesis. Opened for repeated registration.

LTEN 296. Research Practicum (1-12)
Research project to be developed by a small group of students under the continued direction of individual faculty members. Primarily a continuation of a previous graduate seminar. The 296 courses do not count toward the seminar requirement. Repeatable for credit.

LTEN 297. Directed Studies: Reading Course (1-12)
This course may be designed according to an individual student's needs when seminar offerings do not cover subjects, genres, or authors of interest. No paper required. The 297 courses do not count toward the seminar requirement. Repeatable for credit.

LTEN 298. Special Projects: Writing Course (1-12)
Similar to a 297, but a paper is required. Papers are usually on subject not covered by seminar offerings. Up to two 298s may be applied toward the twelve-seminar requirement of the doctoral program. Repeatable for credit.

LTEN 299. Dissertation (1-12)
Research for the dissertation. Offered for repeated registration. Open only to Ph.D. students who have advanced to candidacy.

Literatures in French

Lower-Division

Language and Literature Courses

Ordinarily, students entering the French literature program elect one of the following sequences: LTFR 2A, 2B, and 2C; or 2A, 2B, and 50.

LTFR 2A, 2B, 50. Readings and Interpretations/Advanced Readings and Interpretations (5-5-4)
A three-quarter sequence designed to prepare students for upper-division French courses. The course is taught entirely in French and emphasizes the development of reading ability, listening comprehension, and conversational and writing skills. It also introduces the student to basic techniques of literary analysis. It is expected that this sequence will be completed in the course of one academic year. These courses may not be repeated for credit. Prerequisites: LTFR 2A-LTFR 33/53, 1C/1CX or its equivalent; LTFR 2B-LTFR 2A or its equivalent, LTFR 50-LTFR 2B or its equivalent.

LTFR 2C. Intermediate French III: Composition and Cultural Topics (4)
Designed to improve writing and conversational skills. Aims to develop written expression in terms of organization of ideas, structure, vocabulary. Grammar review. Discussions of a contemporary novel and film. May
be taken in lieu of LTFR 50 as a prerequisite for upper-division courses. Prerequisites: LTFR 2B or its equivalent, score of 5 on French language or 4 French literature AP exams or consent of instructor.

LTFR 21. Debating Literature and Culture I (1)
Designed to allow students to practice and develop their oral skills by expanding the vocabulary necessary to discuss abstract ideas and by building up the confidence necessary to participate in literature classes. Prerequisite: LIFR 1C/1CX or 1D/1DX or LTFR 2A or LTFR 2B or LTFR 2C or LTFR 50 or consent of instructor.

LTFR 31. Debating Literature and Culture II (1)
A one-credit, one-class-a-week course. Designed to develop and maintain oral skills at an advanced level by discussing current cultural issues of the francophone world. Repeatable for credit when topics vary. Prerequisite: LTFR 2B or consent of instructor.

LTFR 60A. French for Reading Knowledge I (2)
A course designed for undergraduate and graduate students interested in developing reading skills only. No previous knowledge of French required. Texts are taken primarily from the Humanities and Social Sciences.

LTFR 60B. French for Reading Knowledge II (2)
A continuation of the course for undergraduate and graduate students interested in developing reading skills only. No previous course work in French required, though recommended. Texts are taken primarily from the Humanities and Social Sciences.

Upper-Division

Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. All upper-division courses are taught in French. Additional prerequisites may be specified below.

Students are strongly encouraged to take LTFR 115 and 116 before enrolling in other upper-division French literature courses.

LTFR 115. Themes in Intellectual and Literary History (4)
This is the first course in a two-quarter sequence designed as an introduction to French literature and literary history. Each quarter will center on a specific theme or problem. It is recommended that majors whose primary literature is French take this sequence as early as possible. Prerequisite: LTFR 50.

LTFR 116. Themes in Intellectual and Literary History (4)
This is the second course in a two-quarter sequence designed as an introduction to French literature and literary history. Each quarter will center on a specific theme or problem. It is recommended that majors whose primary literature is French take this sequence as early as possible. Prerequisite: LTFR 50.

LTFR 121. The Middle Ages and the Renaissance (4)
Major literary works of the Middle Ages and Renaissance as seen against the historical and intellectual background of the period. Medieval texts in modern French translation. May be repeated for credit as topics vary. Prerequisite: LTFR 115.

LTFR 122. Seventeenth Century (4)
Major literary works of the seventeenth century. May be repeated for credit as topics vary. Prerequisite: LTFR 115.

LTFR 123. Eighteenth Century (4)
Major literary works and problems of the eighteenth century. May be repeated for credit as topics vary. Prerequisite: LTFR 115.

LTFR 124. Nineteenth Century (4)
Major literary works of the nineteenth century. May be repeated for credit as topics vary. Prerequisite: LTFR 116.

LTFR 125. Twentieth Century (4)
Major literary works and problems of the twentieth century. May be repeated for credit as topics vary. Prerequisite: LTFR 116.

LTFR 141. Literatures in French (4)
One or more periods or authors in French literature. Texts will be read in the original language. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTFR 142. Literary Genres (4)
An examination of one or more major or minor genres of French literature: for example, drama, novel, poetry, satire, prose poem, essay.

LTFR 143. Major Authors (4)
A study in depth of the works of a major French writer. Recommended for students whose primary literature is French. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTFR 144. Literature and Ideas (4)
This course will center on writers or movements of international literary, cultural, or ideological significance. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTFR 145. Contemporary Thought (4)
Presentation of major currents and debates in contemporary philosophy, linguistics, psychoanalysis, anthropology, and social and feminist theory that have led to major changes in French cultural and literary studies.

LTFR 160. Advanced Grammar and Stylistics (4)
A course for students who wish to perfect their knowledge of evolving French grammar and to increase their sensitivity to style while improving their written and spoken French.

LTFR 164. Cultural Topics (4)
A course on changing topics such as France during the 60s, contemporary social and cultural structures (the school system, economy, political parties), myths of America in France, etc. Prerequisite: LTFR 116.

LTFR 170. Film (4)
May include close analysis of films made in the French-speaking world from 1895 to the present; study of film theory, history, criticism; social contexts of films' emergence and changing contexts of reception; particular movement, styles, or individual directors' work.

LTFR 196. Honors Thesis (4)
Senior thesis research and writing for students who have been accepted for the Literature Honors Program and who have completed LTGN 191. Oral exam.

LTFR 198. Directed Group Study (4)
Research seminars and research, under the direction
of a member of the staff. (P/NP grades only.) Prerequisites: upper-division standing and special permission of department.

LTFR 199. Special Studies (2 or 4)
Tutorial; individual guided reading in areas of French literature not normally covered in courses. (P/NP grades only.) Prerequisites: upper-division standing and permission of department.

Graduate

LTFR 221. Renaissance (4)
Critical study of one or more major figures, texts, or literary trends of the French Renaissance. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTFR 225. Twentieth-Century French Literature (4)
Selected topics in modern French literature and thought. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTFR 240. Topics in French Literature (4)
An examination of one or more major topics in French literature.

LTFR 245. Literature and Cultural Issues (4)
Cultural issues related to literature, theory, and philosophy in the French tradition and Francophonic countries. Repeatable for credit.

LTFR 295. M.A. Thesis (1-8)
Research for the master's thesis. Opened for repeated registration up to eight units.

LTFR 296. Research Practicum (1-12)
Research project to be developed by a small group of students under the continued direction of individual faculty members. Primarily a continuation of a previous graduate seminar. The 296 courses do not count toward the seminar requirement. Repeatable for credit. Prerequisite: consent of the instructor.

LTFR 297. Directed Studies: Reading Course (1-12)
This course may be desinged according to an individual student's needs when seminar offerings do not cover subjects, genres, or authors of interest. No paper required. The 297 courses do not count toward the seminar requirement. Repeatable for credit. Prerequisite: consent of the instructor.

LTFR 298. Special Projects: Writing Course (1-12)
Similar to a 297, but a paper is required. Papers are usually on subjects not covered by seminar offerings. Up to two 298s may be applied toward the twelve-seminar requirement of the doctoral program. Repeatable for credit. Prerequisite: consent of the instructor.

LTFR 299. Dissertation (1-12)
Research for the dissertation. Offered for repeated registration. Open only to Ph.D. students who have advanced to candidacy.

Literatures In German

Lower-Division

Language and Literature Courses

LTGM 2A. Readings and Interpretations (5)
LTGM 2A follows the basic language sequence of the Department of Linguistics and emphasizes the development of reading ability, listening comprehension, and conversational and writing skills. Prerequisite: LIGM 1C/1CX or the equivalent or consent of instructor. The course is designed to prepare students for LTGM 2B and LTGM 2C. Successful completion of LTGM 2A satisfies the requirement for language proficiency in Revelle College.

LTGM 2B. Advanced Readings and Interpretations (5)
LTGM 2B is a continuation of LTGM 2A for those students who intend to practice their skills in reading, listening comprehension, and writing on a more advanced level. The literary texts are supplemented by readings from other disciplines as well as audio-visual materials. Prerequisite: LTGM 2A or consent of instructor.

LTGM 2C. Composition and Conversation (4)
A course designed for students who wish to improve their ability to speak and write German. Prerequisite: LTGM 2B or equivalent or consent of instructor.

LTGM 31. Debating German Literature and Culture (1)
The discussion format of this course enhances intermediate/advanced students' command of spoken German. Students will debate literary and cultural issues, exercising oral skills and practicing expression of ideas. May be taken as an adjunct to courses in German literature.

LTGM 60A. German for Reading Knowledge I (2)
A program for graduate and undergraduate students interested in developing reading skills only. No previous knowledge of German required. Texts are taken primarily from the humanities and social sciences, and include selections from publishers' catalogs, scholarly articles, and books.

LTGM 60B. German for Reading Knowledge II (2)
A continuation of the program for graduate and undergraduate students interested in developing reading skills only. No previous knowledge of German required, though recommended. Texts are taken primarily from the humanities and social sciences and include selections from publishers' catalogs, scholarly articles, and books.

Upper-Division

Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Additional prerequisites may be specified below.

LTGM 100. German Studies I: Aesthetic Cultures (4)
This course offers an overview of German aesthetic culture in its various forms (literature, film, art, music, and architecture) and methods of analysis. Materials will explore the diversity of aesthetic production from the eighteenth century to the present.

LTGM 101. German Studies II: National Identities (4)
This course offers an overview of issues in contemporary and historical German cultures. How has national identity been constructed in the past? What does it mean to be a German in the new Europe? Materials include fiction, historical documents, films, and the Internet.

LTGM 123. Eighteenth-Century German Literature (4)
Major literary works as seen against the historical and intellectual background of the period. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTGM 124. Goethe (4)
Study of some major works in the context of Goethe's life and milieu. Recommended for literature majors whose primary literature is German. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTGM 125. Nineteenth-Century German Literature (4)
Major literary works, authors, or movements of the nineteenth century. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTGM 126. Twentieth-Century German Literature (4)
Major literary works, authors, or movements of the twentieth century. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTGM 130. German Literary Prose (4)
The development of major forms and modes of German literary prose. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTGM 131. German Dramatic Literature (4)
The development of the drama in Germany. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTGM 132. German Poetry (4)
The development of major forms and modes of German verse. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTGM 160. Composition and Stylistics (4)
Analysis of classical and modern German literary texts to increase the student's sensitivity to style and improve his or her ability to write and speak German. Stylistic variations and potentialities will be explored, various classical and modern texts will be analyzed to establish stylistic criteria and guiding principles. One composition per week on various subjects.

LTGM 170. Literature and Ideas (4)
This course will center on German writers or movements of international literary, cultural, or ideological significance. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTGM 190. Seminars (4)
These seminars are devoted to a variety of special topics, including the works of single authors, genre studies, problems in literary history, relations between literature and the history of ideas, literary criticism, literature and society, and the like.

LTGM 196. Honors Thesis (4)
Senior thesis research and writing for students who have been accepted for the Literature Honors Program and who have completed LTGN 191. Oral exam.

LTGM 198. Directed Group Study (4)
Research seminars and research, under the direction of a member of the staff. May be repeated for credit. (P/NP grades only.) Prerequisite: permission of department.

LTGM 199. Special Studies (2 or 4)
Tutorial; individual guided reading in areas of German literature not normally covered in courses. May be repeated for credit three times. (P/NP grades only.) Prerequisites: upper-division standing and permission of department.

Graduate

LTGM 231. Eighteenth-Century German Literature (4)
Consideration of one or more major figures, texts, or trends in eighteenth-century German literature. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTGM 242. Nineteenth-Century German Literature (4)
Consideration of one or more major figures, texts, or trends in nineteenth-century German literature. Topic varies. May be repeated for credit.

LTGM 251. The Twentieth Century (4)
A study of the structural, philosophical, and social aspects of twentieth-century German literature. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTGM 272. Genres, Trends, and Forms (4)
Seminars on literary genres, trends, movements, schools, and on aspects of literary forms and structures in any given era or over a certain period of time. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTGM 295. M.A. Thesis (1)
Research for the master's thesis. Opened for repeated registration up to eight units.

LTGM 296. Research Practicum (1-12)
Research project to be developed by a small group of students under the continued direction of individual faculty members. Primarily a continuation of a previous graduate seminar. The 296 courses do not count toward the seminar requirement. Repeatable for credit.

LTGM 297. Directed Studies: Reading Course (1-12)
This course may be designed according to an individual student's needs when seminar offerings do not cover subjects, genres, or authors of interest. No paper required. The 297 courses do not count toward the seminar requirement. Repeatable for credit.

LTGM 298. Special Projects: Writing Course (1-12)
Similar to a 297, but a paper is required. Papers are usually on subjects not covered by seminar offerings. Up to two 298s may be applied toward the twelve-seminar requirement of the doctoral program. Repeatable for credit.

LTGM 299. Dissertation (1-12)
Research for the dissertation. Offered for repeated registration. Open only to Ph.D. students who have advanced to candidacy.

Greek Literature

(See also listings under Classical Studies)

Lower-Division

LTGK 1. Beginning Greek (4)
Study of ancient Greek, including grammar and reading.

LTGK 2. Intermediate Greek (I) (4)
Continuation of study of ancient Greek, including grammar and reading. Prerequisite: LTGK 1 or equivalent.

LTGK 3. Intermediate Greek (II) (4)
Continuation of study of ancient Greek, including grammar and reading of texts. Prerequisites: LTGK 1 and 2 or equivalent.

LTGK 4. Intensive Elementary Greek (12)
Equivalent of LTGK 1, 2, and 3. Given in summer session only.

Upper-Division

Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Additional prerequisites may be specified below.

LTGK 110. Archaic Period (4)
Readings, in Greek, of texts from the archaic period. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTGK 112. Homer (4)
Readings from the works of Homer. Repeatable for credit when texts and material vary.

LTGK 113. Classical Period (4)
Readings, in Greek, of texts from the fifth and fourth centuries B.C. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTGK 120. New Testament Greek (4)
Readings, in Greek, in the Greek New Testament. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTGK 130. Tragedy (4)
Readings, in Greek, of one or more of the works of the classical tragedians Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTGK 131. Comedy (4)
Readings, in Greek, of one or more of the works of Aristophanes. Prerequisite: LTGK 1, 2, and 3, or equivalent.

LTGK 132. History (4)
Readings, in Greek, in the works of the ancient historians, including Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon, and others. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTGK 133. Prose (4)
Readings, in Greek, in the works of ancient prose writers. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTGK 134. Epic Poetry (4)
Readings, in Greek, in the works of Homer, Hesiod, and/or Apollonius Rhodius. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTGK 135. Lyric Poetry (4)
Readings, in Greek, of the works of the ancient lyric poets. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTGK 198. Directed Group Study (4)
Directed group study in areas of Greek literature not normally covered in courses. May be repeated for credit three times. (P/NP grades only.) Prerequisites: upper-division standing and permission of department.

LTGK 199. Special Studies (2 or 4)
Tutorial; individual guided reading in areas of Greek literature not normally covered in courses. May be repeated for credit three times. (P/NP grades only.) Prerequisites: upper-division standing and permission of department.

Graduate

LTGK 297. Directed Studies (1-12)
Guided and supervised reading in a broad area of Greek literature. Offered for repeated registration.

LTGK 298. Special Projects (4)
Treatment of a special topic in Greek literature. Offered for repeated registration.

Hebrew Literature

Please see Near Eastern Literatures under Literatures of the World.

Literatures in Italian

Lower-Division

(See Department of Linguistics for course offerings in first-year Italian.)

LTIT 1A. The Language of the Italian Theater (4)
An introduction to the study of the Italian language. Exercises in grammar, syntax, conversation, and writing are generated from the texts of Italian plays (Goldoni, Pirandello, Campanile, Fo). No prior study of Italian required.

LTIT 1B. The Language of the Italian Opera (4)
A continuation of the study of Italian language. Exercises in grammar, syntax, conversation, and writing are generated from the texts of opera libretti. Prerequisite: LTIT 1A or consent of instructor.

LTIT 1C. The Language of the Italian Film and Literature (4)
Further study of Italian language. Exercises in grammar, syntax, conversation, and writing are generated from the texts of Italian screenplays and novels. Prepares students for enrollment in LTIT 2A. Prerequisite: LTIT 1B or consent of instructor.

LTIT 2A. Advanced Italian I (5)
A second-year course in Italian language and literature. Conversation, composition, grammar review, and an introduction to literary and nonliterary texts. Prerequisite: LIIT 1C/1CX or equivalent or consent of instructor.

LTIT 2B. Advanced Italian II (5)
Emphasis on composition discussion of literary texts in Italian. Prerequisite: LTIT 2A or equivalent or consent of instructor.

LTIT 50. Advanced Italian (III) (4)
This course constitutes the sixth and final quarter of the Italian language sequence. It offers an intensive study of Italian grammar, drills in conversation and composition, and readings in modern Italian literature. Prerequisite: LTIT 2A and 2B, or consent of instructor.

Upper-Division

Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Additional prerequisites may be specified below.

LTIT 100. Introduction to Literatures in Italian (4)
Reading and discussion of selections from representative authors. Review of grammar as needed. Prerequisite: LTIT 50 or equivalent or consent of instructor.

LTIT 110. Italian Literature (4)
One or more periods of authors in Italian literature. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTIT 113. Love, War, and Conquest in the Italian Renaissance (4)
A critical reading of Italian Renaissance texts with special attention to those themes, forms, and ideological conflicts still operative in today's culture. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTIT 115. Medieval Studies (4)
Studies in medieval culture and thought with focus on one of the "three crowns" of Italian literature: Dante, Boccaccio, or Petrarca. May be repeated for credit when course content varies. Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor.

LTIT 116. Sixteenth-Century Prose (4)
Reading and discussion of sixteenth-century Italian novelle, philosophy, history, and scientific texts. May be repeated for credit when topics vary. Prerequisite: LTIT 100 or permission of instructor.

LTIT 118. Italian Romanticism (4)
This course will consider the rise of romanticism in Italy and its relationship to European romanticism. Particular attention will most likely be paid to the works of Foscolo and Leopardi. Credit will not be given for both LTIT 118 and LTGN 124, Italian Romanticism in Translation.

LTIT 122. Studies in Modern Italian Culture (4)
Politics, literature, and cultural issues of twentieth-century Italy.

LTIT 136. Studies in Modern Poetry
A study of the chief modern Italian poets, including Montale, Ungaretti, and Quasimodo, with attention to long poetic form and contemporary Italian culture.

LTIT 137. Studies in Modern Italian Prose (4)
A study of the chief modern Italian prosatori, including D'Annunzio, Calvino, Pavese, Pasolini, etc.

LTIT 138. Contemporary Italian Thought (4)
Presentation of major currents and debates in contemporary philosophy, anthropology, political theory, sociology, and feminism that have had an impact on Italian cultural studies. May be repeated for credit when topics vary. Prerequisite: LTIT 100 or permission of instructor.

LTIT 140. Women in Italy (4)
A study of historical, political, and literary texts regarding women and feminism in Italian society.

LTIT 143. Major Italian Authors (4)
A study in depth of the works of a major Italian author. May be repeated for credit when topics vary. Prerequisite: LTIT 100 or permission of instructor.

LTIT 150. Italian North American Culture (4)
This course will consider the phenomenon of Italian emigration as a product of sociopolitical trends in 19th century Italy and Europe that led to Italian unification in 1861. Within that context, and analysis of the cultural products of Italian North Americans will be used to read contemporary trends in multiculturalism and ethnic culture in North America.

LTIT 161. Advanced Stylistics and Conversation (4)
Analysis of Italian essays, journalism, literature. Intensive practice in writing and Italian conversation. Prerequisite: LTIT 100 or consent of instructor.

LTIT 196. Honors Thesis (4)
Senior thesis research and writing for students who have been accepted for the literature honors program and who have completed General Literature 191. Oral examination. Prerequisite: departmental approval.

LTIT 198. Directed Group Study (4)
Directed group study in areas of Italian literature not normally covered in courses. May be repeated for credit three times. (P/NP grades only.) Prerequisites: upper-division standing and permission of department.

LTIT 199. Special Studies (2 or 4)
Tutorial; individual guided reading in areas of Italian literature not normally covered in courses. May be repeated for credit three times. (P/NP grades only.) Prerequisites: upper-division standing and permission of department.

Graduate

LTIT 297. Directed Studies (1-12)
Guided and supervised reading in a broad area of Italian literature. Offered for repeated registration.

LTIT 298. Special Projects (4)
Treatment of a special topic in Italian literature. Offered for repeated registration.

The following summer session courses may be of interest:

LTIT 7A-B-C. Introductory Intensive Italian (4-4-4)
The equivalent of a full year of Italian language is covered. Through a total immersion approach, students will be able to develop proficiency in grammar, essential reading and writing skills, basic comprehension and production of spoken Italian and language functions. Given in summer session only.

LTIT 40. Conversational Intermediate Italian (4)
Students improve their verbal skills through group conversations about issues relevant to modern life in Italy and their own life in America. Italian current events and society are discussed; students contribute oral presentations on Italian topics. Given in summer session only. Prerequisite: Linguistics/Italian 1C/1CX or consent of instructor.

Korean Literature

LTKO 1A-B-C. First-Year Korean (5-5-5)
First-year Korean, with attention to reading, writing, and speaking. Prerequisite: LTKO 1A is prerequisite to 1B; 1B is prerequisite to 1C.

LTKO 2A-B. Intermediate Korean: Second Year (5-5)
Second-year Korean in two quarters. Students continue learning all four skills—speaking, listening, reading, and writing—and cultural understanding in beyond-survival level. Short essays; conversational exercises using more complex vocabularies, expressions, and sentence structures with good command of Korean. Prerequisite: LTKO 1C or the equivalent or consent of instructor.

Latin Literature

(See also listings under Classical Studies)

Lower-Division

LTLA 1. Beginning Latin (4)
Study of Latin, including grammar and reading.

LTLA 2. Intermediate Latin (I) (4)
Study of Latin, including grammar and reading. Prerequisite: LTLA 1 or its equivalent.

LTLA 3. Intermediate Latin (II) (4)
Study of Latin, including grammar and reading. Prerequisite: LTLA 2 or its equivalent.

LTLA 4. Intensive Elementary Latin (12)
Equivalent of LTLA 1, 2, and 3. Given in summer session only.

Upper-Division

Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Additional prerequisites may be specified below.

LTLA 100. Introduction to Latin Literature (4)
Reading and discussion of selections from representative authors of the Augustan age. Review of grammar as needed. Prerequisite: LTLA 3 or equivalent.

LTLA 111. Pre-Augustan (4)
Readings, in Latin, in the works of Roman writers of the pre-Augustan period. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTLA 113. Augustan (4)
Readings, in Latin, in the works of Roman writers of the
Augustan period. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTLA 114. Vergil (4)
Readings from the works of Vergil. Repeatable for credit when texts and material vary.

LTLA 116. Silver Latin (4)
Readings, in Latin, in the works of Roman writers of the Silver Age. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTLA 131. Prose (4)
Readings, in Latin, of the work of Roman prose writers. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTLA 132. Lyric and Elegiac Poetry (4)
Readings, in Latin, in the works of lyric and elegiac poets. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTLA 134. History (4)
Readings, in Latin, in the works of Roman historians. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTLA 135. Drama (4)
Readings, in Latin, in the works of Roman dramatists. Prerequisite: LTLA 3 or equivalent; LTLA 100 recommended. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTLA 198. Directed Group Study (4)
Directed group study in areas of Latin literature not normally covered in courses. May be repeated three times. (P/NP grades only.) Prerequisites: upper-division standing and permission of department.

LTLA 199. Special Studies (2 or 4)
Tutorial; individual guided reading in areas of Latin literature not normally covered in courses. May be repeated for credit three times. (P/NP grades only.) Prerequisites: upper-division standing and permission of department.

Graduate

LTLA 297. Directed Studies (1-12)
Guided and supervised reading in a broad area of Latin literature. Offered for repeated registration.

LTLA 298. Special Projects (4)
Treatment of a special topic in Latin literature. Offered for repeated registration.

Literatures in Portuguese

LTPR 50. Brazilian Literature in Portuguese for Spanish Speakers (4)
Introductory Portuguese language and literature course designed especially for speakers of Spanish. Will build on students' knowledge of Spanish, enabling them to acquire competence in language structures of Portuguese and introducing them to Brazilian texts in Portuguese.

LTPR 130. Brazilian Literature (4)
Reading of representative works in Brazilian literature with a view to literary analysis (form, theme, meaning), the developmental processes of the literature, and the many contexts: historical, social, cultural. Texts will be read in Portuguese. Repeatable for credit when topics vary. Prerequisites: upper-division standing, knowledge of Portuguese, or consent of instructor.

Russian Literature

Lower-Division

LTRU 1A-B-C. First-Year Russian (5-5-5)
First-year Russian, with attention to reading, writing, and speaking.

LTRU 1AB and 1BC. Intensive Beginning Russian (7.5-7.5)
Intensive study of beginning Russian. Covers material of first-year Russian in two quarters. Development of all facets of language proficiency—speaking, listening, reading, writing. Attention given to cultural materials as well.

LTRU 2A-B-C. Second-Year Russian (5-5-5)
Second-year Russian grammar, with attention to reading, writing, and speaking. Prerequisite: LIRU 33/53, LTRU 1A-B-C or equivalent.

Upper-Division

Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Additional prerequisites may be specified below.

Note: Many Russian literature courses are cross-listed as courses in European and Eurasian Literatures (LTEU). Lectures and discussions are conducted in English, and students may choose whether to do the reading and writing assignments in translation, in which case they should enroll for the course under its LTEU rubric, or in Russian, in which case they should enroll under the LTRU rubric. Other courses are offered in English translation with one-unit Foreign Language Discussion Sections (XL course number suffix) for students who wish to read and discuss some or all of assignments in Russian.

LTRU 101A-B-C. Advanced Russian (4-4-4)
Third-year Russian. Advanced grammar and stylistics, introduction to analysis of Russian literary texts.

LTRU 104A-B-C. Advanced Practicum in Russian (4-4-4)
Development of advanced skills in reading, writing, and conversation. Course based on written and oral texts of various genres and styles. Individualized program to meet specific student needs. May be substituted for LTRU 101A-B-C as requirement for major. Prerequisite for 104A: LTRU 2C or equivalent.

LTRU 110A-B-C. Survey of Russian and Soviet Literature in Translation, 1800–Present (4-4-4)
A study of literary works from Pushkin to the present. LTRU 110A is not a prerequisite for LTRU 110B, and LTRU 110B is not a prerequisite for LTRU 110C.
110A. 1800–1860
110B. 1860–1917
110C. 1917–present

LTRU 123. Single Author in Russian Literature (4)
Study of the works of a single Russian author. May be repeated for credit two times. Prerequisite: LTRU 101C, its equivalent, or permission of instructor.

LTRU 128. Single Author in Soviet Literature (4)
Study of the works of a single author from the Soviet period. May be repeated for credit two times. Prerequisite: LTRU 101C, its equivalent, or permission of instructor.

LTRU 129. Twentieth-Century Russian or Soviet Literature (4)
A study of literary works from the twentieth century. May be repeated for credit as topics vary. Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor.

LTRU 130. Genres in Russian Literature (4)
An examination of one or more genres in Russian literature–for example, the novel, the short story, autobiography, drama, poetry. May be repeated for credit as topics vary. Prerequisite: LTRU 101C, its equivalent, or consent of instructor.

LTRU 132. Russian Poetry (4)
Survey of Russian poetry from the late eighteenth century to the Revolution. Prerequisite: LTRU 101C, its equivalent, or permission of instructor.

LTRU 150. Russian Culture: The Modern Period (4)
An introduction to Russia's past and present through the cross-disciplinary study of literature, the visual and performing arts, social and political thought, civic rituals, popular entertainments, values and practices from 1825 to the present.

LTRU 150XL. Russian Culture: The Modern Period—Foreign Language Discussion Section (1)
Students will exercise advanced Russian language skills to read and discuss materials in LTRU 150. This section is taught by the course professor, has no final examination, and does not affect the student's grade in the parent course. Prerequisites: co-registration in LTRU 150; four quarters of Russian language study or the equivalent.

LTRU 160. Russian Stylistics and Grammar (4)
Study of style in various textual and spoken genres of Russian. Review of grammar, geared toward individual student needs, and encouraging independent study of the language beyond this course. Prerequisites: LTRU 101A-B-C or the equivalent.

LTRU 192. Research Practicum in Russian Literature (4)
Students create research projects on topics of their own choosing. Course develops research skills in Russian. Attention given to vocabulary, grammar, bibliographical references, and understanding of the cultural context. Students at all levels of Russian are encouraged to enroll. Repeatable for credit as projects vary.

LTRU 198. Directed Group Study (4)
Directed group study in areas of Russian literature not normally covered in courses. May be repeated for credit three times. (P/NP grades only.) Prerequisites: upper-division standing and permission of department.

LTRU 199. Special Studies (2 or 4)
Tutorial; individual guided reading in areas of Russian literature not normally covered in courses. May be repeated for credit three times. (P/NP grades only.) Prerequisites: upper-division standing and permission of department.

Literatures in Spanish

Lower-Division

Language and Literature Courses

Students entering the Spanish language/literature program must have completed one year of college-level Spanish (Linguistics/Spanish 1C/1CX) or its equivalent at another institution or have the consent of the instructor. Ordinarily, students take LTSP 2A, 2B, 2C, and one or more courses from the 50 sequence. Native speakers are encouraged to take LTSP 2D.

LTSP 2A. Intermediate Spanish I: Foundations (5)
This course is taught entirely in Spanish and emphasizes the development of reading ability, listening comprehension, and writing skills. It includes grammar review, weekly compositions, and class discussions. Prerequisite: completion of LISP 1C/1CX, 1D/1DX, or the equivalent or score of 3 on AP Spanish language exam.

LTSP 2B. Inermediate Spanish II: Readings and Composition (5)
This course further reviews major points of grammar and emphasizes critical reading and interpretation of Spanish texts through class discussion, vocabulary development, and written compositions. It is a continuation of LTSP 2A. Prerequisite: LTSP 2A or score of 4 on Spanish language or 3 on Spanish literature AP exam or consent of instructor.

LTSP 2C. Inermediate Spanish III: Cultural Topics and Conversation (4)
This course is a continuation of LTSP 2B, with special emphasis on problems in writing and translation. It includes class discussion of cultural topics as well as grammar review and composition. The course will further develop the ability to read articles, essays, and longer pieces of fictional/nonfictional texts. Prere-quisite: LTSP 2B or equivalent or score of 5 on Spanish language or 4 on Spanish literature AP exam or consent of instructor.

LTSP 2D. Intermediate/Advanced Spanish: Spanish for Bilingual Speakers (4)
Spanish for native speakers. Designed for bilingual students seeking to become biliterate. Reading and writing skills stressed with special emphasis on improvement of written expression and problems of grammar and orthography. Prepares native speakers with little or no formal training in Spanish for more advanced courses. Prerequisite: native speaking ability and/or recommendation of instructor.

LTSP 21. Conversation Workshop I (1)
Allows students with a basic grounding in Spanish to discuss a variety of topics related to literary and cultural issues. Vocabulary development, use of idiomatic expression, and advancement of oral proficiency in Spanish. May be taken as an adjunct to lower-division LTSP courses. Recommended for students planning to sutdy abroad. Prerequisite: LISP IC/ICX or LTSP ID/IDX or LTSP 2A or 2B or 2C or 2D or 50A or 50B or 50C.

LTSP 31. Conversation Workshop II (1)
Enhances intermediate/advanced students' command of spoken Spanish through debates on literary and cultural issues and the formulation and expression of thoughts in Spanish. May be taken as an adjunct to lower- and upper-division LTSP courses. Recommended for students planning to study abroad. Prerequisite: LISP IC/ICX or LISP ID/IDX or LTSP 2A or 2B or 2C or 2D or 50A or 50B or 50C.

LTSP 41. Conversation and Orthography Workshop (1)
The workshop format of this course allows students to attain a stronger command of skills in matters of Spanish orthography, spelling, punctuation, and accent rules. May be taken as an adjunct to lower- or upper-division LTSP courses. Recommended for students planning to study abroad. Prerequisite: LISP IC/ICX or LISP ID/IDX or LTSP 2A or 2B or 2C or 2D or 50A or 50B or 50C.

LTSP 50A. Readings in Peninsular Literature (4)
An introduction to Peninsular literature, this course offers a selection of major works and introduces students to literary analysis through reading extensive texts in Spanish. Two or more quarters of courses in the 50 series are suggested before students proceed to upper-division courses. Prerequisite: two years of college Spanish or the equivalent.

LTSP 50B. Readings in Latin American Literature (4)
An introduction to Latin American literature, this course offers a selection of major works and introduces students to literary analysis through reading extensive texts in Spanish. Two or more quarters of courses in the 50 series are suggested before students proceed to upper-division courses. Prerequisite: two years of college Spanish or the equivalent.

LTSP 50C. Readings in Latin American Topics (4)
An introduction to major topics in Latin American literature, this course focuses on the literature of a particular region, period, or movement. Works vary from those in 50B and introduce students to literary analysis through reading extensive texts in Spanish. Prerequisite: two years of college Spanish or the equivalent.

Upper-Division

Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Additional prerequisites may be specified below.

Note: As of fall 1992, students must have taken at least one (but preferably two) course(s) in the LTSP 50A-B-C sequence with a grade of C– or better before enrolling in upper-division courses. Without fulfillment of this prerequisite, students must obtain the consent of the instructor of the requested course.

LTSP 107. Literature of the Fifteenth Century (4)
Survey of cultural texts including courtly romances, political poetry, Columbus's letters, and the tragicomedia La Celestina. Issues of gender, blood purity, social estates, and colonialism will be discussed. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTSP 111. Topics in Golden Age Poetry (4)
Overview of Castilian lyric production from early sixteenth century to late seventeenth century. Close readings of major texts and study of the relationship between poetic forms and social-cultural context. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTSP 115. Topics in Golden Age Prose (Except Cervantes) (4)
Selected readings in the narrative production of the early modern period. Thematic focus and historical period may vary, but major forms such as the picaresque, morisca, and pastoral novel will be covered. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTSP 117. Golden Age Drama (4)
Study of representative examples of early modern Castilian theater. Emphasis on textual analysis of individual plays and the social-cultural meanings of spectacle, especially the comedia and auto sacramental. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTSP 119A. Cervantes: Teatro (4)
Selected readings from Cervantes's dramatic works (entremeses and comedias), with special attention to generic innovations in structure and content. This course fulfills the requirement for Spanish literature majors. Prerequisites: LTSP 50A and either 50B or 50C.

LTSP 119B. Cervantes: Novelas Ejemplares (4)
Study of Cervantes's short narrative pieces and their relationship to the development of prose fiction in the early modern period. Special attention to structural and ideological elements. This course fulfills the requirement for Spanish literature majors. Prerequisites: LTSP 50A and either 50B or 50C.

LTSP 119C. Cervantes: Don Quijote (4)
Close reading of the 1605 and 1615 texts with special attention to the social and cultural background of the early 17th century in Spain. This course fulfills the requirement for Spanish literature majors. Prerequisites: LTSP 50A and either 50B or 50C.
LTSP 122. The Romantic Movement (4)
This course will explore the historical context of the emergence of a Romantic movement in Spain, particularly the links between Romanticism and liberalism. Major Romantic works in several genres will be studied in depth. Prerequisite: upper-division standing.

LTSP 124. The Nineteenth-Century Novel (4)
Study of major novelists of the realist tradition. Selection of works and thematic focus may vary.

LTSP 125. The Generation of '98 (4)
The course will explore the significant literary tendencies that arose during the crisis of Spanish society at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth.

LTSP 127. Modern Drama (4)
Study of significant developments in Spanish theatre of the nineteenth and twentieth century. Selection of works to be studied will vary at the discretion of the instructor.

LTSP 128. Modern Poetry (4)
The course will consider major trends and figures in the development of Spanish poetry throughout the last two centuries. Topics may vary significantly in selection of poets and periods to be studied; thus, course may be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTSP 129. Twentieth-Century Prose (4)
The course will explore significant aspects of Spanish prose literature in this century. Specific topics will vary by genre (novel, short story, essay) and by period. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTSP 130A. Development of Spanish Literature (4)
An introduction to the major movements and periods of Spanish literary history, centered on close reading of representative texts, but aimed at providing a sense of the scope of Spanish literature and its relation to the course of Spain's cultural and social history. This course is required of all Spanish literature majors. It is strongly recommended that this course be taken before any other upper-division Spanish (peninsular) literature course. Prerequsites: LTSP 50A and either 50B or 50C.

LTSP 130B. Development of Latin American Literature (4)
An introduction to major movements and periods in Latin American literature, centered on a study of key works from pre-Columbian to the present time. Texts will be seen within their sociohistorical context and in relation to main artistic trends of the period. This course is required of all Spanish literature majors. It is strongly recommended that this course be taken before any other upper-division Latin American literature course. Prerequisites: LTSP 50A and either 50B or 50C.

LTSP 131. Spanish American Literature: The Colonial Period (4)
A study of the major literary works of the Latin American colonial period as seen against the historical context of that period.

LTSP 132. Spanish American Literature: The Nineteenth Century (4)
A study of the major literary works and problems of the nineteenth century in Latin America as seen against the historical context of that period.

LTSP 133. Spanish American Literature: The Twentieth Century (4)
A study of the major literary works and problems of the twentieth century in Latin America as seen against the historical context of that period.

LTSP 134. Argentine Literature (4)
Study of movements, traditions, key authors, or major trends in Argentine literature, such as gaucho poetry, the realist novel, modern urban narrative, the school of Jorge Louis Borges. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTSP 135. Mexican Literature (4)
Study of popular novels, movements, traditions, key authors, or major trends in modern Mexican literature. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTSP 136. Peruvian Literature (4)
Study of movements, traditions, key authors, or major trends in Peruvian literature, such as the romantic movement, the essay tradition, the rural narrative, the novel of national definition, postmodernist poetry authors such as Vallejo, Arquedas, Vargas Llosa. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTSP 137. Caribbean Literature (4)
Study of movements, traditions, key authors, or major trends in Caribbean literature in Spanish, such as the romantic movement, the literature of independence, the essay tradition, Afro-Antillean literature, the historical novel. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTSP 140. Spanish American Novel (4)
A study in depth of selected novelists of Spanish America. May be organized around a specific theme or idea which is traced in its development through the narratives. Course may be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTSP 141. Spanish American Poetry (4)
A critical study of some of the major poets of Spanish America, focusing on the poet's central themes, the evolution of poetic style, and the significance of the poetry to the historical context. May be repeated as topics vary.

LTSP 142. Spanish American Short Story (4)
Readings and interpretation of short story form in Latin America. Focus is primarily nineteenth or twentieth century. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTSP 143. Spanish American Essay (4)
A study of the essay in Spanish American literature from either an historical or a topical point of view. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTSP 144. Spanish American Theatre (4)
This course studies the representative plays of the major dramatists of Latin America. Discusses and analyzes the dramatic works in light of their historical, social, and cultural background. Considers their contribution to the development of a theatrical tradition in Latin America. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTSP 150. The Development of Chicano Literature (4)
A cross-genre survey of the major works in Chicano literature from its beginnings to the present, with primary emphasis on contemporary works. Speaking, writing, and reading knowledge of Spanish is required.

LTSP 151. Themes and Motifs in Chicano Literature (4)
This course is organized around some of the significant themes and ideas expressed in specific Chicano writings. The importance of these themes to particular Chicano experience is considered. Speaking, writing, and reading knowledge of Spanish is required.

LTSP 152. Chicano Prose (4)
Study of the different genres of Chicano prose: novel, short story, poetry, autobiography. Attention is given to Chicano prose styles and the historical and cultural movement in which they develop. Speaking, writing, and reading knowledge of Spanish is required.

LTSP 153. Chicano Poetry (4)
The analysis and discussion of the major forms and modes of Chicano poetry, with primary emphasis on the developing styles of the poets and on the study of the texts' and the authors' historical moment. Speaking, writing, and reading knowledge of Spanish is required.

LTSP 162. Spanish Language in the United States (4)
A sociolinguistic study of the popular dialects in the U.S.A. and their relation to other Latin American dialects. The course will cover phonological and syntactic differences between the dialects as well as the influence of English on the Southwest dialects.

LTSP 163. Spanish Language in America (4)
A study of the history, structure, and peculiarities of the Spanish language in Latin America with selected readings from Latin American authors utilizing these dialects within their works.

LTSP 166. Creative Writing (4)
A workshop designed to foster and encourage writing in Spanish of students working on short forms of fiction. The workshop will include discussion of techniques and intensive writing.

LTSP 170. Literary Criticism (4)
The course will discuss major contemporary critical approaches and the question of their applicability to the analysis of contemporary Latin American, Peninsular, and Chicano literature. Open to literature majors only.

LTSP 171. Studies in Literature and Society (4)
Focus on interaction between literary expression and the study of society, covering issues such as the sociology of literature, the historical novel, literature and social change, the writer as intellectual. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTSP 172. Indigenista Themes in Spanish American Literature (4)
Study of the varying literary modes by which nineteenth- and twentieth-century poets and narrators have interpreted the themes of Andean survival in Latin America, primarily in Mexico and the Andean Highlands. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTSP 173. Problems in Spanish and Spanish American Literary History (4)
Study of the issues involved in understanding the development process of literary expression; the problem of genre; the relation of literature to social institutions; the function of literary influence and tradition; the relation of popular and print cultures. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTSP 190. Seminars (4)
These seminars are devoted to a variety of special topics, including the works of single authors, genre studies, problems of literary history, relations between literature and the history of ideas, literary criticism, literature and society, and the like. The student may enroll in more than one seminar in a single quarter.

LTSP 196. Honors Thesis (4)
Senior thesis research and writing for students who have been accepted for the Literature Honors Program and who have completed LTGN 191. Oral Exam.

LTSP 198. Directed Group Study in Spanish Literature (4)
Research seminars and research, under the direction of a member of the staff. May be repeated for credit three times. (P/NP grades only.) Prerequisites: upper-division standing and permission of department.

LTSP 199. Special Studies (2 or 4)
Tutorial: individual guided reading in areas of Spanish literature not normally covered in courses. May be repeated for credit three times. (P/NP grades only.) Prerequisites: upper-division standing and permission of department.

Graduate

LTSP 224. Golden Age Studies (4)
Consideration of one or more major figures, texts, trends, or problems in Spanish Golden Age studies. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTSP 252. Studies in Modern Hispanic Literature and Culture (4)
Major trends and figures considered in the context of late nineteenth-and twentieth-century Hispanic culture. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTSP 253. Chicano Literature (4)
Study of the particular life experience of the Chicano and the unique expression given that experience by Chicano authors, whether in novels, short stories, poetry, or dramatic works. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTSP 254. Modern Spanish Poetry (4)
An historical approach to modern Spanish poetry. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTSP 255. The Modern Spanish Novel (4)
An historical approach to the modern Spanish novel. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTSP 258. Spanish American Prose (4)
Consideration of one or more major figures, texts, trends, or problems in Spanish American prose. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTSP 259. Spanish American Poetry (4)
Consideration of one or more major figures, texts, trends, or problems in Spanish American poetry. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTSP 272. Literature and Society Studies (4)
Special topics in practical criticism involving social and economic historical perspectives. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTSP 275. Latin American(ist) Literary and Cultural Theories Since the 1960s (4)
A historical survey of late twentieth-century literary and cultural criticism in and about Latin America, focusing on questions of political economy and periodization, cultural heterogeneity and transculturation, gender and sexuality, and the relationships between literary, popular, and mass cultures. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

LTSP 295. M.A. Thesis (1-8)
Research for the master's thesis. Open for repeated registration up to eight units. (S/U grades only.)

LTSP 296. Research Practicum (1-12)
Research project to be developed by a small group of students under the continued direction of individual faculty members. Primarily a continuation of a previous graduate seminar. The 296 courses do not count toward the seminar requirement. Repeatable for credit.

LTSP 297. Directed Studies: Reading Course (1-12)
This course may be designed according to an individual student's needs when seminar offerings do not cover subjects, genres, or authors of interest. No paper required. The 297 courses do not count toward the seminar requirement. Repeatable for credit.

LTSP 298. Special Projects: Writing Course (1-12)
Similar to a 297, but a paper is required. Papers are usually on subjects not covered by seminar offerings. Up to two 298s may be applied toward the twelve-seminar requirement of the doctoral program. Repeatable for credit.

LTSP 299. Dissertation (1-12)
Research for the dissertation. Offered for repeated registration. Open only to Ph.D. students who have advanced to candidacy.

Literature/Theory

Courses in theory may apply to various literature majors. Please consult your adviser.

Additional theory courses are offered in the various department sections. See quarterly course descriptions in the Department of Literature office, first floor LIT building.

Upper-Division

Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Additional prerequisites may be specified below.

LTTH 101. Issues in Feminist Theory (4)
The study of selected issues in feminist theory, feminist approaches to literature; and the function of feminist critics in society. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTTH 110. History of Criticism (4)
A critical and interpretive review of some of the major documents in criticism from the classical period to the present time.

LTTH 115. Introduction to Critical Theory (4)
(Formerly LTTH 100) A critical review of major contemporary theories of the nature of literature, its sociocultural function, and appropriate modes of evaluation.

LTTH 130. Introduction to Linguistic and Discourse Theories (4)
An introduction to linguistic and discourse theories, analyses of linguistic structures, elements of socio-linguistics, language use, language acquisition, and bilingualism.

LTTH 150. Topics in Critical Theory (4)
Selected topics in critical theory such as: a particular mode of literary theory; comparative study of theories of text and image; a problem or theme in the history of theory; issues involved in the relationship between fiction and other discourses (science, law, history, philosophy, music). Repeatable for credit when topics vary. Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor.

LTTH 198. Directed Group Study (4)
Directed group study, under the guidance of a member of the faculty, in an area not covered in courses currently offered by the department (P/NP only)

LTTH 199. Special Studies (2 or 4)
Individual reading in an area not covered in courses currently offered by the department. (P/NP only).

Graduate

LTTH 200A. Text/Culture/Critical Practice (4)
An introduction to theories and practices of literary and cultural criticism. Topics may vary, but emphasis will be on terminology, methods of readings, modes of interdisciplinary analysis and argumentation, recent debates on questions of theory, history, textual scholarships, etc. Prerequisite: registered doctoral student in literature.

LTTH 200B. Problems in Contemporary Literary Theory (4)
The focus is feminist literary/cultural theories and their relations with major contemporary theoretical discourses (e.g., psychoanalysis, poststructuralism, and various forms of historicism). Prerequisite: registered doctoral student in literature.

LTTH 200C. Cultural Perspectives and Cultural Criticism (4)
Literary and cultural relations between the First and Third Worlds, colonialism and neo-colonialism, orality and literacy, construction of ethnicity, formation of canon, and popular culture and the market. Prerequisite: registered doctoral student in literature.

LTTH 201. Contemporary Theoretical Debates and Critical Discourses (4)
An introduction to a wide range of theoretical and methodological issues, schools of thought, and interpretative styles in contemporary literary studies. Required of all M.A. students in the Department of Literature, normally in their first quarter in the program. Prerequisites: admission to the M.A. program in the Department of Literature or consent of instructor; graduate standing.

LTTH 210. Major Periods and Movements (4)
Historically oriented study of past criticism and critical theory as they pertain to contemporary interests and concerns. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTTH 220. Theories of Literary Criticism (4)
Close study of any of the several bodies of literary theory currently applied to literary criticism: psychoanalytic, Marxist, historicist, semiotic, feminist, hermeneutic, reader-response, among others. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTTH 230. Comparative Literary Theory (4)
Comparison of theoretical approaches across cultures (e.g., East/West studies), across modes of discourse (e.g., oral/written), or across media (e.g., literature/art or literature/music). May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTTH 240. Forms and Genres (4)
Theory as it focuses on the various literary modes–e.g., narratology, poetics, formalism. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTTH 270. Psychoanalytic Approaches to Literature (4)
A systematic study of basic psychoanalytic theory as it applies to literary criticism, with practical psychoanalytical exploration of works from various periods and literatures.

LTTH 296. Research Practicum (1-12)
Research project to be developed by a small group of students under the continued direction of individual faculty members. Primarily a continuation of a previous graduate seminar. The 296 courses do not count toward the seminar requirement. Repeatable for credit.

LTTH 297. Directed Studies: Reading Course (1-12)
This course may be designed according to an individual student's needs when seminar offerings do not cover subjects, genres, or authors of interest. No paper required. The 297 courses do not count toward the seminar requirement. Repeatable for credit.

LTTH 298. Special Projects: Writing Course (1-12)
Similar to a 297, but a paper is required. Papers are usually on subjects not covered by seminar offerings. Up to two 298s may be applied toward the twelve-seminar requirement of the doctoral program. Repeatable for credit.

Literatures of the World

African Literatures

Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Additional prerequisites may be specified below.

LTAF 110. African Oral Literature (4)
Survey of various genres of African and oral literary traditions. Oral narrative genres, investigation of proverb, riddle, praise poetry, and epic. Development and use of a methodology to analyze aspects of performance, composition, and education in oral traditional systems.

LTAF 120. Literature and Film of Modern Africa (4)
This course traces the rise of modern literature in traditional African societies disrupted by the colonial and neocolonial experience. Contemporary films by African and Western artists will provide an additional insight into the complex social self-images of the continent.

Literatures of the Americas

Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Additional prerequisites may be specified below.

Foreign language discussion sections (XLs) may be offered in conjunction with courses taught in translation. Students enrolled in these joint courses may use them to fulfill major, minor, and secondary literature requirements. Please see the undergraduate office for further information.

LTAM 110. Latin American Literature in Translation (4)
Reading of representative works in Latin American literature with a view to literary analysis (form, theme, meaning), the developmental processes of the literature, and the many contexts: historical, social, cultural. Texts may be read in English. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTAM 120. Mexican Literature in Translation (4)
Study of popular novels, movements, traditions, key authors, or major trends in modern Mexican literature. Texts may be read in English. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

East Asian Literatures

Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Additional prerequisites may be specified below.

Foreign language discussion sections (XLs) may be offered in conjunction with courses taught in translation. Students enrolled in these joint courses may use them to fulfill major, minor, and secondary literature requirements. Please see the undergraduate office for further information.

LTEA 100A. Classical Chinese Poetry in Translation (4)
A survey of different genres of traditional Chinese poetry from various periods.

LTEA 100B. Modern Chinese Poetry in Translation (4)
A survey of Chinese poetry written in the vernacular from 1918 to 1949.

LTEA 100C. Contemporary Chinese Poetry in Translation (4)
A survey of Chinese poetry development from 1949 to the present.

LTEA 110A. Classical Chinese Fiction in Translation (4)
The course will focus on a few representative masterpieces of Chinese literature in its classical age, with emphasis on the formal conventions and the social or intellectual presuppositions that are indispensable to their understanding. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTEA 110B. Modern Chinese Fiction in Translation (4)
A survey of representative works of the modern period from 1919 to 1949. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTEA 110C. Contemporary Chinese Fiction in Translation (4)
An introductory survey of representative texts produced after 1949, with particular emphasis on the social, cultural, and political changes. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTEA 120A. Chinese Films (4)
A survey of representative films from different periods of Chinese cinematic development. Priority may be given to Chinese Studies majors and Literature majors. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTEA 120B. Taiwan Films (4)
A survey of "New Taiwan Cinema" of the Eighties and Nineties. Priority may be given to Chinese Studies majors and Literature majors. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTEA 120C. Hong Kong Films (4)
An examination of representative works of different film genres from Hong Kong. Priority may be given to Chinese Studies majors and Literature majors. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTEA 120D. Filming Chinese Literature (4)
An investigation of various adaptations of both traditional and modern literary texts from the three main Chinese communities (China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong). Priority may be given to Chinese Studies majors and Literature majors. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTEA 130. Earlier Japanese Literature in Translation (4)
An introduction to earlier Japanese (bungo) literature in translation. Will focus on several works, placing their forms in the historical context. No knowledge of Japanese required. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTEA 132. Later Japanese Literature in Translation (4)
An introduction to later Japanese (kogo) literature in translation. Will focus on several "modern" works, placing their form in the historical context. No knowledge of Japanese required. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTEA 134. A Single Japanese Author (In Translation) (4)
A good number of Japanese authors are by now well represented in English translation. The course will focus on one writer and his or her relationships to the social context. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEA 136. Special Topics in Japanese Literature (4)
The course will focus on important problematics of literary studies as they relate to Japan (e.g., "feminism," "modernity," "literary mode of production," "Orientalism and nativism"). No knowledge of Japanese required. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEA 198. Directed Group Study (4)
Research seminars and research, under the direction of a faculty member.

LTEA 199. Special Studies (2 or 4)
Tutorial; individual guided reading in areas not normally covered in courses. (P/NP grades only.)

European and Eurasian Literatures

Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Additional prerequisites may be specified below.

Foreign language discussion sections (XLs) may be offered in conjunction with courses taught in translation. Students enrolled in these joint courses may use them to fulfill major, minor, and secondary literature requirements. Please see the undergraduate office for further information.

LTEU 100. The Classical Tradition (4)
Greek and Roman literature in translation. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEU 102. Women in Antiquity (4)
Selected topics in classical culture, including women and myth, women in Greek and Roman society, and the representation of women in classical literature. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTEU 105. Medieval Studies (4)
Studies in medieval culture and thought with focus on one of the "three crowns" of Italian literature: Dante, Boccaccio, or Petrarca. May be repeated for credit when course content varies.

LTEU 109. Studies in Eighteenth-Century European Literature (4)
Topics to be considered include the age of sensibility, enlightenment, neo-classicism. Attention given to historical and cultural contexts.

LTEU 110. European Romanticism (4)
Attention given to historical and cultural contexts. Topics to be considered include the concept of nature, the reaction to science, the role of the imagination. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEU 120. Literatures in French (4)
One or more periods or authors in French literature. Texts read in English. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEU 130. German Literature in Translation (4)
One or more aspects of German literature, such as major authors, the contemporary novel, nineteenth-century poetry, German expressionism. Texts may be read in English or the original language. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEU 139. Marx/Nietzsche/Freud (4)
Intensive examination of the major ideas of all three writers, with special attention to the literary styles and problematic aspects of their work. Often offered with an optional LTEU 139XL section, for students who are prepared to work and prefer to work in the original German.

LTEU 140. Italian Literature in Translation (4)
One or more periods or authors in Italian literature. Texts may be read in English. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEU 144. Italian Romanticism in Translation (4)
This course will consider the rise of romanticism in Italy and its relationship to European romanticism. Particular attention will most likely be paid to the works of Foscolo and Leopardi. Credit will not be given for both LTEU 144 and LTIT 118, Italian Romanticism.

LTEU 145. Studies in Modern Italian Poetry (4)
Study of the chief modern Italian poets, including Montale, Ungaretti, and Quasimodo, with attention to long, poetic form and contemporary Italian culture. Prerequisite: upper-division standing.

LTEU 146. Studies in Modern Italian Prose (4)
A study of the chief modern Italian prosatori including D'Annunzio, Calvino, Pavese, Pasolini, etc. Repeatable for credit. (Conjoined with LTIT 137.)

LTEU 147. Women in Italy (4)
A study of historical, political, and literary texts regarding women and feminism in Italian society.

LTEU 150A-B-C. Survey of Russian and Soviet Literature in Translation, 1800 to the Present
A study of literary works from Pushkin to the present.
150A. 1800–1860
150B. 1860–1917
150C. 1917–present

LTEU 153. Twentieth-Century Russian or Soviet Literature in Translation (4)
A study of literary work from the twentieth century. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEU 154. Russian Culture: The Modern Period (4)
An introduction to Russia's past and present through the cross-disciplinary study of literature, the visual and performing arts, social and political thought, civic rituals, popular entertainments, values and practices from 1825 to the present.

LTEU 156. Genres in Russian Literature in Translation (4)
An examination of one or more genres in Russian literature–for example, the novel, the short story, autobiography, drama, poetry. All readings will be in English. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTEU 158. Single Author in Russian Literature in Translation (4)
A study of literary works by a single Russian author. All readings will be in English. May be repeated for credit when authors vary.

LTEU 159. Russian and Soviet Film (4)
An examination of pivotal films, filmmakers, and film theories from Russia and the former Soviet Union in their cultural and historical contexts. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

Near Eastern Literatures

Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Additional prerequisites may be specified below.

Foreign language discussion sections (XLs) may be offered in conjunction with courses taught in translation. Students enrolled in these joint courses may use them to fulfill major, minor, and secondary literature requirements. Please see the undergraduate office for further information.

LTNE 100. The Bible and Western Literature (4)
Biblical and related texts that influenced the great writers of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, including selections from the Jewish and Christian scriptures.

LTNE 101. The Bible: The Narrative Books (4)
Examination of the Biblical accounts in their ancient Near Eastern context. Emphasis will be placed on literary- and form-criticism and textual analysis. Attention to related literature and to archaeological data; consideration of theological issues. Repeatable for credit as topics vary.

LTNE 102. The Bible: The Prophetic Books (4)
The prophetic books of the Bible in their historical contexts. The relationship between the prophetic and narrative books. Literary/critical analyis, theological issues, reference to archaeological data. Repeatable for credit as topics vary.

LTNE 103. The Bible: The Poetic Books (4)
Study of biblical peotry, its settings, genres, and themes. Analysis of metre and structure with particular attention to the use of parallel. Comparison with Canaanite and Mesopotamian examples. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: upper-division standing.

LTNE 112. Medieval Hebrew Literature (4)
Major literary works of the Middle Ages and Renaissance as seen against the historical and intellectual background of the period.

LTNE 150. Arabic Literature in Translation (4)
Analysis and discussion of major modern works of fiction in translation with an emphasis on social and literary background. Study of the principal authors of the Arab world, their literary works, techniques, and themes. Authors chosen from various Arab countries.

Literatures of the World

In both lower- and upper-division world literature courses, texts may be read in English translation when necessary, and lectures and discussions are conducted in English.

Foreign language discussion sections (XLs) may be offered in conjunction with courses taught in translation. Students enrolled in these joint courses may use them to fulfill major, minor, and secondary literature requirements. Please see the undergraduate office for further information.

Lower-Division

LTWL 4A-B-C-D-E-M. Fiction and Film in Twentieth-Century Societies (4-4-4-4-4-4)
A study of modern culture and of the way it is expressed and understood in novels, stories, and films. The sequence aims at an understanding of relationships between the narrative arts and society in the twentieth century, with the individual quarters treating fiction and film of the following language groups:
4A. French
4B. German
4C. Asian
4D. Italian
4E. Russian
4M. Multiple national literatures and film

LTWL 19A-B-C. Introduction to the Ancient Greeks and Romans (4-4-4)
An introductory study of the Graeco-Roman world, its literature, myth, philosophy, history, and art.

LTWL 90. Undergraduate Seminar (1)
Readings and discussions focused on a writer, period, or literary topic. The aim of the course is to acquaint the student with literature as a field of university-level study. Repeatable for credit.

LTWL 99. Lower-Division Independent Study (4)
Independent study at the lower-division level, in an area not covered by the department's regular course offerings, under the direction of a member of the Literature Department faculty. Prerequisites: lower-division standing; cumulative 3.0 GPA.

Upper-Division

Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Additional prerequisites may be specified below.

LTWL 100. Mythology (4)
A study of various bodies of myth: their content, form, and meaning. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTWL 101. What Socrates Knew (4)
Socratic perspectives on the nature of life and death, virtue and happiness, love and the gods.

LTWL 103. Words into Images (4)
With the proliferation of comic books, photonovels, films, and television, the visualization of the verbal abstractions of literature has become a central concern of the entertainment industry. This course explores the cultural implications of the transformation of words into images.

LTWL 104. Epic Poetry (4)
A study of major epics, in translation if their original language is not English. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTWL 105. Lyric Poetry (4)
Studies in lyric poetry. Not confined to a single national literature. Texts may be read in English.

LTWL 107. Prose Fiction (4)
Aspects of prose fiction. Not confined to a single national literature. Texts may be read in English. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTWL 110A. The Forms of Folklore (4)
A survey of the range of folkloristic phenomena as exemplified by major and minor forms–narrative, legend, myth, superstition, speech, custom, games, and music. Examples will be considered both as artistic entities and as social documents.

LTWL 110B. Folk and Fairy Tales (4)
A study of folk and fairy tales from various cultures, from the point of view of literary form, psychological meaning, and cultural function. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTWL 112. Travel Literature (4)
A critical examination of accounts of travel, initial encounters, and cultural interactions, structured by date/period, location, authorship, or another unifying concept. Lectures will position the readings in sociocultural and literary history. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTWL 114. Children's Literature (4)
A study of literature written for children in various cultures and periods. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTWL 115. Contemporary Literature (4)
A study of novels and authors of the present and recent times. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTWL 116. Adolescent Literature (4)
A study of fiction written for the young adult in various cultures and periods. Consideration will be given to the young adult hero in fiction. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTWL 120. Popular Literature and Culture (4)
A study of various popular forms—such as pop music, cult books, film, fashion, magazines, graphic arts—within a broader cultural context. Focus may be on a particular genre (e.g., best sellers) or era (e.g., the sixties). May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTWL 122. Fantasy (4)
Reading and analysis of various works that fall into several categories of the fantastic—e.g., heroic, gothic, irrealist, postmodern—with particular attention to the cultural uses of myth, folklore, and fantasy, and to the psychological and structuralist theories of same. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTWL 124. Science Fiction (4)
An exploration of the genre—past and present, in literature and the visual media—as a cultural response to scientific and technological change, as modern mythmaking, and as an enterprise serving a substantial fan subculture. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTWL 128. Introduction to Semiotics and Applications (4)
Semiotics, basically a theory of signification, describes the models and conceptual constructs through which meaning is grasped and produced. The course provides a background in the history of semiotics and its dominant modes. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTWL 130. Culture, Ideology, and Collective Memory (4)
How do societies remember (and forget) the past and, through this process of collective memory, conceive their present? What stories are stored, who constructs them, and what purposes do they serve? Readings in the theory of ideology and close study of empirical cases.

LTWL 131A. Topics in Early Christian Literature: The New Testament (4)
An introduction to the writings of the New Testament, their creation, collection, and critical study.

LTWL 131B. Topics in Early Christian Literature: Paul and the Invention of Christianity (4)
An evaluation of ancient and modern accounts of Christian origins set against a careful reading of early Jewish and Christian texts (canonical and non-canonical).

LTWL 131C. Topics in Early Christian Literature: Reinventing Jesus (4)
A survey of the "gospels" of the first three centuries for light they may (or may not) shed on the historical figure of Jesus, set within the context of religious biography in late antiquity.

LTWL 131D. Topics in Early Christian Literature: The Fourth Gospel (4)
A solution to the riddle of the Fourth Gospel.

LTWL 131E. Topics in Early Christian Literature: The History of Heresy (4)
Study of "heretical" movements within the first three centuries of Christianity's history (e.g., gnosticism).

LTWL 131F. Topics in Early Christian Literature: Christianity and the Roman Empire (4)
An evaluation of significant attempts (from Edward Gibbon to Peter Brown) to explain the "rise" of Christianity and the "decline and fall" of the Roman Empire.

LTWL 131G. Topics in Early Christian Literature: Against the Christians (4)
From Celsus to Julian the Apostate, the pagan assault on Christianity in the intellectual, political, and religious context of late antiquity.

LTWL 132. The Jewish Experience in Literature (4)
Literary works from various periods dealing with Jewish themes, with an emphasis on modern Jewish writing in America, Russia, etc. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTWL 133. Religion: Inside Out and Upside Down (4)
A study of the nature and importance of place in Western religious imagination, through a comparative reading of the ancient Mesopotamian "Epic of Gilgamesh", the early Christian "Gospel of John", and Ridley Scott's futuristic film noir, "Blade Runner".

LTWL 134. A Cultural History of American Jewry (4)
A cultural history of Jewish immigrants in the United States, beginning in the seventeenth century. Emphasis will be on the period of mass immigration, beginning in the 1880s, and on the Russian and European origins of Jewish immigrants.

LTWL 135. A The Buddhist Imaginary (4)
An introduction to the imaginative universe of Indian Buddhism, with a focus on the connection between cosmological models and liberative practices. In this class we read Buddhist narrative and doctrinal literatures, supplemented by archaeological and art historical artifacts. Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor.

LTWL 136. Goddesses and Women in India (4)
This course uses Hindu texts, along with art and film, to explore the intersection of literary representation and real life. How does Hindu literature, which fully supports the belief in powerful goddesses, both empower women and constrain them? Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor.

LTWL 140. Novel and History in the Third World (4)
This course sets out to explore the relation between the novel and the "dependent" history of the Third World, contrasting and comparing the uses of history in the European novel as defined in the theoretical analysis of Lukacs with uses of history in the Third World novel. An analysis of major themes and movements common to selected ethnic literature in the United States and national literatures in the Third World.

LTWL 142. Islam: The Origins and Spread of a World Religion (4)
An investigation of the historical and textual beginnings of Islam; the development of the religion in the early middle ages; and an examination of the formalization of schools of Islamic law and the confrontation between Sunni and Shii versions of praxis. Concludes with the rise of Islamic modernism and the roots of Islamic fundamentalism. Prerequisite: upper-division standing.

LTWL 143. Fundamentalism in Comparative Perspective (4)
Exploration of the common areas in the revivalist movements affecting different religious traditions, including Hinduism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam with reference to their political, social, and cultural dimensions. The problematic term "fundamentalism" will be subjected to critical scrutiny, while emphasis will be placed on distinguishing the specifically religious features of these movements from their wider socio-political dimensions. Prerequisite: upper-division standing.

LTWL 144. American Indian Literature (4)
An investigation of traditional native poetry and performance art of the Americas in relation to contemporary practices in the non-Indian world. Topics will vary and may include shamanism, ritual performance, mythopoesis, and oral narration. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTWL 145. South Asian Religious Literatures: Selected Topics (4)
One or two topics in the religious literature of South Asia will be examined in depth. Repeatable for credit when topics vary. Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor.

LTWL 146. Ethnopoetics: Living Poetry (4)
An investigation of a series of events that originally compose the full sentient being of poetry's body. This course seeks to recreate the living tangents of the lyrical moment (chanting, modulating, miming, dancing, meditating, improvising, etc.) for direct experience and expression. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTWL 148. Yiddish Literature in Translation (4)
Representative works of fiction, drama, poetry, parable, film, and song from Eastern European Jewish culture. Topics include Chasidism, Zionism, the life of the shtetl, relations with the biblical and rabbinic traditions, and a study of literary forms and styles. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTWL 149. The Last Turn of the Century in the West (4)
A multi-media examination of the momentous cultural and intellectual changes that accompanied the last turn of the century (nineteenth–twentieth) in the West. Areas covered include literature, philosophy, visual arts, music, religion, social movements, and scientific thought.

LTWL 150. Modernity and Literature (4)
Explores the various cross-cultural historical, philosophical, and aesthetic ideas which formed the basis of most twentieth-century literature. Literature from the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Africa will be studied through lectures and the reading of texts in English translation. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTWL 155. Gender Studies (4)
The study of the construction of sexual differences in literature and culture. May be repeated for credit when topics vary.

LTWL 160. Women and Literature (4)
This course will explore the relationship between women and literature, i.e., women as producers of literature, as objects of literary discourse, and as readers. Foreign language texts will be read in translation. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTWL 170. Specialized Genres in Literature (4)
The study of literary genres that do not fall into the ordinary categories of lyric, drama, fiction, and prose. Topics vary from year to year. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTWL 172. Special Topics in Literature (4)
Studies in specialized literary, philosophic, and artistic movements, approaches to literature, literary ideas, historical moments, etc.

LTWL 176. Literature and Ideas (4)
The course will center on writers or movements of international literary, cultural, or ideological significance. The texts studied, if foreign, may be read either in the original language or in English. May be repeated for credit as topics vary.

LTWL 180. Film Studies and Literature: Film History (4)
The study of film history and its effects upon methods of styles in literary history. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTWL 181. Film Studies and Literature: Film Movement (4)
Study of analogies between literary movements and film movements. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTWL 182. Film Studies and Literature: Film Genre (4)
Methods of literary study of genre applied to the study of filmic genre. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTWL 183. Film Studies and Literature: Director's Work (4)
Methods of criticism of author's work applied to the study and analysis of film director's style and work. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTWL 184. Film Studies and Literature: Close Analysis of Filmic Text (4)
Methods of literary analysis applied to the study of shots, sequences, poetics, and deep structure in filmic discourse. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

LTWL 185. Film Studies and Literature: Interdisciplinary Issues (4)
Inquiry into interrelated and interdisciplinary issues concerning the diverse field of film studies and literature.

LTWL 186. The Psychology of the Filmic Text (4)
Methods of psychology, psychoanalysis, and the cognitive sciences applied to the study of film and film grammar (Ch. Metz, et al.). The course also features studies in cultural interaction with the film medium. Repeatable for credit when topics vary.

TWS 21-22-23-24-25-26. Third World Literatures (4-4-4-4-4-4)
(See entry under "Third World Studies" heading.)
The courses in this sequence are equivalent to general literature courses. The sequence satisfies Marshall College general-education requirements.

Seminars/Independent Studies

LTWL 191. Honors Seminar (4)
Explorations in critical theory and method. This course, designed to prepare students to write an honors thesis, is open only to literature majors invited into the department's Honors Program.

LTWL 195. Apprentice Teaching (0 or 4)
Undergraduate instructional assistance. Student must (1) prepare reading materials assigned by the professor; (2) lead student discussions; (3) assist professor in grading; and (4) prepare report to professor at conclusion of quarter concerning his/her work.

LTWL 196. Honors Thesis (4)
Senior thesis research and writing for students who have been accepted for the Literature Honors Program and who have completed LTGN 191. Oral exam. Prerequisite: permission of department.

LTWL 198. Directed Group Study (4)
Research seminars and research, under the direction of faculty member. Prerequisite: permission of department.

LTWL 199. Special Studies (2 or 4)
Tutorial; individual guided reading in areas of literature (in translation) not normally covered in courses. May be repeated for credit three times. (P/NP grades only.) Prerequisites: upper-division standing and permission of department.

Graduate

LTWL 500. Apprentice Teaching in Literature (2 or 4)
Consideration of pedagogical methods appropriate to undergraduate teaching in literature courses under the supervision of instructor of course. Doctoral students in literature are required to participate in undergraduate teaching for a minimum of twelve units (two to four units per quarter) prior to completion of the Ph.D. degree.

LTWL 501. Apprentice Teaching in Humanities (2 or 4)
Consideration of pedagogical methods appropriate to undergraduate teaching in humanities sequences under the supervision of instructor of course. Doctoral students in literature are required to participate in undergraduate teaching for a minimum of twelve units (two to four units per quarter) prior to completion of the Ph.D. degree.

LTWL 502. Apprentice Teaching in Muir College (2 or 4)
Consideration of pedagogical methods appropriate to undergraduate teaching in Muir College courses under the supervision of instructor of course. Doctoral students in literature are required to participate in undergraduate teaching for a minimum of twelve units (two to four units per quarter) prior to completion of the Ph.D. degree.

LTWL 503. Apprentice Teaching in Marshall College (2 or 4)
Consideration of pedagogical methods appropriate to undergraduate teaching in Marshall College courses under the supervision of instructor of course. Doctoral students in literature are required to participate in undergraduate teaching for a minimum of twelve units (two to four units per quarter) prior to completion of the Ph.D. degree.

LTWL 504. Apprentice Teaching in Warren College (2 or 4)
Consideration of pedagogical methods appropriate to undergraduate teaching in Warren College courses under the supervision of instructor of course. Doctoral students in literature are required to participate in undergraduate teaching for a minimum of twelve units (two to four units per quarter) prior to completion of the Ph.D. degree.

LTWL 506. Apprentice Teaching in Roosevelt College (2 or 4)
Consideration of pedagogical methods appropriate to undergraduate teaching in Eleanor Roosevelt College courses under the supervision of instructor of course. Doctoral students in literature are required to participate in undergraduate teaching for a minimum of twelve units (two to four units per quarter) prior to completion of the Ph.D. degree.

Writing/Literature

Lower-Division

LTWR 8A. Craft of Writing: Fiction (4)
Study of fiction in terms of structure and content. Plot, description, character, theme, genre, dialogue, and revision studied through readings from throughout the history of the short story. Practical exercises accompany reading assignments. Prerequisite to upper-division fiction workshops. Students are required to attend at least three Wednesday afternoon readings in the New Writing Series during the quarter. Prerequisite: students must have completed their college writing requirements prior to enrollment in LTWR 8A.

LTWR 8B. Craft of Writing: Poetry (4)
Study of poetry in terms of its formal structure and its individual and social function. Techniques of composition (prosody, narrative, personification, performance, metaphor, and image) studied through written and oral examples of this genre. Practical imitations and exercises accompany reading assignments. Students are required to attend at least three Wednesday afternoon readings in the New Writing Series during the quarter. Prerequisite: students must have completed their college writing requirements prior to enrollment in LTWR 8B.

LTWR 8C. Craft of Writing: Nonfiction (4)
Study of nonfictional prose in terms of genre and craft. Techniques of composition (journalism, essay, letters, reviews) studied through written examples of the genre. Practical imitations and exercises accompany reading assignments. Prerequisite to upper-division nonfiction prose workshops. Prerequisite: students must have completed their college writing requirements prior to enrollment in LTWR 8C.

Upper-Division

Departmental approval is required for enrollment in all upper-division Lit/Writing courses.

Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. Additional prerequisites may be specified below.

(See Department of Theatre for course offerings in dramatic writing.)

Prose Fiction, Poetry, Media Workshops

LTWR 100. Short Fiction (4)
A workshop for students with some experience and special interest in writing fiction. This workshop is designed to encourage regular writing in the short forms of prose fiction and to permit students to experiment with various forms. There will be discussion of student work, together with analysis and discussion of representative examples of short fiction from the present and previous ages. May be taken for credit three times. Prerequisite: LTWR 8A.

LTWR 101. Beginning Poetry Workshop (4)
A workshop for beginning students of poetry. This course has weekly writing assignments in basic poetic forms; readings from ancient through contemporary poetry. Prepares students for LTWR 102 and other more advanced poetry workshops. May be taken only once. Prerequisite: LTWR 8B.

LTWR 102. Poetry (4)
A workshop for students with some experience and special interest in writing poetry. This workshop is designed to encourage regular writing of poetry. There will be discussion of student work, together with analysis and discussion of representative examples of poetry from the present and previous ages. May be taken for credit three times. Prerequisite: LTWR 8B.

LTWR 104. The Novel (4)
A workshop designed to encourage writing of longer narrative forms. There will be discussion of student work, together with analysis and discussion of novels from the present and previous ages. May be taken for credit three times. Prerequisite: LTWR 8A.

LTWR 107. Writing for Children (4)
A workshop in writing for young children (5–8 years). The stories will be directed towards the act of reading aloud, either at bedtime or in a group situation. There will be many weekly readings assigned in, and about, the genre. Prerequisites: LTWR 8A; department approval.

LTWR 108. Writing for Young Adults (4)
A workshop in writing for 9–12 year-olds. Students will be asked to write one long chapter story or a series of short stories for young adults to read to themselves. The stories will generally involve young teens. Weekly readings will be assigned. Prerequisites: LTWR 8A; department approval.

LTWR 109. Writing and Publishing Children's Literature (4)
A workshop in writing for children, with the additional focus of exploring successful approaches to publication of children's stories. There will be regular weekly reading and writing assignments. Prerequisites: LTWR 8A; LTWR 107 recommended; department approval via stamp or pre-authorization.

LTWR 110. Screen Writing (4)
A workshop designed to encourage writing of original screen plays and adaptations. There will be discussion of student work, together with analysis of discussion of representative examples of screen writing. May be taken for credit three times.

LTWR 111. Prose Poem (4)
Although prose poems have been written by writers all over the world, the question of what constitutes a prose poem has never been adequately answered. Through practice, we will explore the inner dynamics central to this mixed genre. Prerequisite: LTWR 8B.

LTWR 113. Intercultural Writing (4)
This course is an introduction to modes of writing from other cultural systems vastly different from the cultural-aesthetic assumptions of Anglo-American writing. While disclosing the limitations of the English language, this course attempts to provide new language strategies for students.

LTWR 115. Experimental Writing (4)
This workshop explores writing for which the traditional generic distinctions of prose/poetry, fiction/documentary, narrative/discourse do not apply. Students taking this course will be asked to challenge the boundaries of literature to discover new forms and modes of expression. May be taken for credit three times.

LTWR 119. Writing for Performance (4)
A workshop and survey of experimental approaches to the writing and production of performance works in a range of literary genres. Emphasis will be placed on the integration of written texts with non-verbal elements from the visual arts, theater, and music. Prerequisite: LTWR 8A or 8B, to be determined by quarterly offerings of LTWR 119.

Writing Process, Written Discourse, and Writing Pedagogy

These courses are not writing workshop courses like those listed above. Rather, they examine various aspects of writing as a field of study and writing pedagogy. Writing majors who plan to teach writing may be particularly interested in these courses. See the department for applicability of these courses to the writing major requirements.

Note: As of fall 1991, all writing majors are required to take one course chosen from offerings numbered LTWR 140–144 to fulfill one of their upper-division requirements.

LTWR 140. History of Writing (4)
A review of the history of the development of alphabets and writing systems. Survey of the rise of literacy since the fifteenth century and analysis of continuing literacy problems in developed and developing countries.

LTWR 141. The Process of Writing (4)
A study of writing as a creative process. Review of research on creativity and on the writing process and analysis of writers' introspective accounts of their work. Delineation of the stages in writing process and exploration of implications for learning to write.

LTWR 142. Forms of Written Discourse (4)
A review of current rhetorical theory and discourse theory. Some attention to recent developments in text linguistics. Students will write several discourse types and explore differences among the types, with special attention to differences for the writing process and for the structure of the written discourse itself.

LTWR 143. Stylistics and Grammar (4)
A close look at sentence-level features of written discourse–stylistics and sentence grammars. Students will review recent research on these topics and experiment in their own writing with various stylistic and syntactic options.

LTWR 144. The Teaching of Writing (4)
Wide reading in current theory and practice of teaching writing in schools and colleges. Careful attention to various models of classroom writing instruction and to different approaches in the individual conference. Students in this course may observe instruction in the UCSD college writing programs or tutor freshman students in those programs.

LTWR 146. The Writing of Oral Histories (4)
A methodological and theoretical introduction to the compilation, transcription, and editing of spoken personal and historical narratives. Along with discussions of the relation of orality to writing, students will engage in a number of fieldwork interviews and in their development and completion as publishable written works. Repeatable for credit when topics vary. Prerequisites: LTWR 8A, 8B, and 8C, or consent of intstructor.

Directed Study and Special Study

LTWR 195. Apprentice Teaching (4)
Undergraduate instruction assistance. Students will 1) assist TA in editing students' writing for LTWR 8A and 8C during class and outside of class; and 2) prepare a paper and report for the professor at the end of the quarter. Prerequisite: LTWR 144, The Teaching of Writing.

LTWR 196. Honors Thesis (4)
Senior thesis research and writing for students who have been accepted for the Literature Honors Program and who have completed LTGN 191. Oral exam.

LTWR 198. Directed Group Study (2 or 4)
Directed group study in areas of writing not normally covered in courses. (P/NP grades only.) Repeatable for credit when areas of study vary.

LTWR 199. Special Studies (2 or 4)
Tutorial; individual guidance in areas of writing not normally covered in courses. (P/NP grades only.) Prerequisites: upper-division standing and permission of department. May be taken for credit three times.

Graduate

LTWR 260. Autoethnographies of Literacy (4)
Designed for public school teachers, this writing seminar concerns ethnographic and autoethnographic studies of "literates" and "illiterates" in the United States. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

LTWR 271. Theory and Practice of College Writing Instruction (4)
In this course we will explore the implications for writing instruction of current discourse theory and of linguistics (sentence-level and text-level). We will also review research on writing instruction and look carefully at several models of classroom instruction and individual conferencing.

LTWR 272. Research in Composing and Writing Discourse (4)
This course will survey current research on composing and written discourse. It will also explore various problems and issues in designing research studies.

LTWR 276. Theory and Research on Literacy (4)
This seminar surveys literature on literacy from perspectives such as education, anthropology, and English studies.

LTWR 278. Topics in Rhetoric (4)
This course examines the influence of modern philosophy on modern rhetorical theory, with emphasis on the twentieth century. Prerequisite: graduate standing.