Courses


OFFICE: Building 4, Level 1, Robinson Building Complex

Professors

Peter F. Cowhey, Ph.D.

Richard E. Feinberg, Ph.D.

Peter A. Gourevitch, Ph.D.

Stephan M. Haggard, Ph.D., Interim Dean

Takeo Hoshi, Ph.D.

Chalmers Johnson, Emeritus

Miles E. Kahler, Ph.D.

Alex Kane, Ph.D.

Lawrence B. Krause, Ph.D., Emeritus

Ellis S. Krauss, Ph.D.

Bruce N. Lehmann, Ph.D.

Barry J. Naughton, Ph.D.

Susan L. Shirk, Ph.D.

Matthew F. Shugart, Ph.D.

C. Peter Timmer, Ph.D.

Y.-H. Tohsaku, Ph.D.

Jeffrey R. Vincent, Ph.D.

Associate Professors

Roger E. Bohn, Ph.D.

Andrew J. MacIntyre, Ph.D.

Ulrike Schaede, Ph.D.

Assistant Professors

Mikhail M. Klimenko, Ph.D.

Marcel J. Lopez, Ph.D.

Barbara F. Walter, Ph.D.

Christopher M. Woodruff, Ph.D.

Adjunct Professors

Marsha A. Chandler, Ph.D.

William M. Chandler, Ph.D.

Wayne A. Cornelius, Ph.D.

Paul W. Drake, Ph.D.

Theodore Groves, Ph.D.

Germaine A. Hoston, Ph.D.

David A. Lake, Ph.D.

David R. Mares, Ph.D.

Michael M. May, Ph.D.

James E. Rauch, Ph.D.

Albert H. Rubenstein, Ph.D.

Peter H. Smith, Ph.D.

Associate Adjunct Professors

Julian R. Betts, Ph. D.

Lisa R. Shaffer, Ph.D.

Dale E. Squires, Ph.D.

Christena L. Turner, Ph.D.

International Relations and Pacific Studies Graduate School (IR/PS)

The Master of Pacific International Affairs (MPIA)

Requirements for Admission

Students interested in pursuing the MPIA degree program at UCSD's Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies (IR/PS) must have earned a B.A., or its equivalent, with training comparable to that provided by the University of California. A minimum scholastic average of 3.0 or better is required for course work completed in upper-division or prior graduate study. Undergraduate preparation that includes one or more of the following is strongly encouraged: the social sciences (specifically economics and political science) and history; and quantitative methods (such as calculus and statistics); foreign language and related area studies courses. Students with an undergraduate background in the sciences, engineering, or the arts are also encouraged to explore this degree program. The admissions committee looks for students with previous professional employment, a history of meaningful international experience, and demonstrated leadership ability.

Applicants must submit three letters of recommendation from individuals who can attest to their academic or professional competence and to the depth of their interest in pursuing graduate training in international affairs.

Applicants are required to submit the Graduate Record Exam (GRE) scores (verbal, quantitative, and analytical). (Indicate code #R4836 for UCSD, IR/PS department code #1901.) Scores from the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) may be substituted. (Indicate code #4927 for UCSD, Pacific International Affairs.) A minimum score of 550 on the paper/pencil version and a minimum score of 213 on the computer-based version of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) is required of all international applicants whose native language is not English and whose undergraduate education was conducted in a language other than English. Students who score below 600 on the paper/pencil and 250 on the computer-based TOEFL examination are strongly encouraged to enroll in an English as a second language program before beginning graduate work. (UCSD Extension offers an excellent English language program during the summer, as well as the academic year. For further information, call (858) 534-3400).

Interviews are not required for admission to the MPIA program. Orientation tours are available for all applicants who would like further information about the degree programs. Tours assist applicants in becoming better acquainted with IR/PS's graduate programs and in understanding how these programs might relate to their long-term career goals. To receive a tour schedule, applicants should contact the IR/PS Office of Admissions at (858) 534-5914.

The MPIA is a two-year, full-time program. Those students who enter, however, with no previous language training in Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Spanish, Bahasa Indonesian, or Vietnamese will need to spend more time in the program. Part-time study is feasible within the MPIA curriculum. The maximum course load for half-time study is six units.

The MPIA Curriculum* (96 units)

Core Curriculum

The Core Curriculum is designed to integrate the diverse subject areas of international management, international relations, applied economics, technology management, and comparative public policy, as well as regional studies and foreign language. All components of the Core Curriculum are required of MPIA students. Core courses list as follows:

  • Economics (Managerial and International)
  • Management (Accounting and Finance)
  • International Relations (International Politics and Security, and the Politics of International Economic Relations)
  • Policy-Making Processes
  • Regional Specialization: Students are required to specialize in one particular country or region in the Pacific. To fulfill this requirement, students must take three courses in one of five areas: China, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, or Latin America.
  • Foreign Language: A minimum level of language proficiency must be met through examination prior to award of the MPIA degree. Students' designated foreign language must correspond to the geographical area selected for regional specialization.
  • Quantitative Methods (two-quarter sequence)
  • Capstone Sequence:
    Management and Policy
    International Business Simulation Laboratory

TWO-YEAR MASTER'S PROGRAM SAMPLE

First Year

Fall

Policy-Making Processes (4)
Managerial Economics (4)
International Politics and Security (4)
Quantitative Methods (2)
Elective (4)/Language (4)

Winter

International Economics (4)
Accounting (4)
Quantitative Methods (2)
Elective (4)/Language (4)

Spring

The Politics of International Economic Relations (4)
Finance (4)
Elective (4)
Elective (4)/Language (4)

Second Year

Fall

Management and Policy (4)
Elective (4) or
Regional Specialization* (4)
Elective (4)/Language (4)
Elective (4)

Winter

International Business Simulation Laboratory (4)
Elective (4) or
Regional Specialization* (4)
Elective (4)/Language (4)
Elective (4)

Spring

Elective (4)
Elective (4) or
Regional Specialization* (4)
Elective (4)/Language (4)

*Three regional specialization courses are required.

This program summary represents a sequence of courses that most MPIA students are likely to take.

Concentrations and Electives

The MPIA program's elective course work allows for flexibility in response to the wide diversity of marketplace employment options as well as in students' backgrounds, interests, and needs. Students have the opportunity to declare a career concentration. Although concentration in a career is not mandatory, it enables individuals to work closely with other students and faculty who share similar interests. In addition, concentration in a particular career area may serve to enhance career entry opportunities and improve initial on-the-job performance.

Career Concentrations

A career concentration requires that the student take six courses in one of four career concentration areas. IR/PS offers career concentrations in the following areas:

International Management: Includes intermediate and advanced courses in such areas as corporate finance, accounting, and international marketing—similar to those offered in M.B.A. programs—as well as courses focusing on international business activities, such as multinational corporations, project analysis and planning, trade, and risk analysis.

International Relations: Emphasizes the political economic factors operating in the global environment, as well as on the traditional areas of international strategy and security. Particular attention is given to the Pacific region as an international subsystem.

Comparative Policy Analysis: Develops tools and comparative perspective to analyze and evaluate public policies. The curriculum combines case study and applied courses with theoretical and analytical tools.

International Technology Management: Designed for students with technical or scientific undergraduate training. The course work emphasizes technology management and technology policy, allowing students to apply their backgrounds to issues which will be important in the twenty-first century. Courses are chosen by students from a selected curriculum that includes: operations management, technology management, policymaking, corporate finance, international marketing, and environmental policy. The concentration prepares graduates for careers in business (technology management) and government (technology policy).

Note: Specific course requirements for fulfilling a concentration may be obtained at the IR/PS Student Affairs Office.

Capstone Sequence

Management and Policy

Management and Policy is an integrative course that asks students to solve realistic managerial problems, using concepts and tools from throughout the IR/PS curriculum. Harvard-style case studies provide a first-person perspective, with incomplete information and conflicting objectives. Specific topics include negotiation, organizational behavior, business strategy, and others. Many of the cases emphasize the need to combine quantitative and qualitative analysis to make effective decisions.

International Business Simulation Laboratory

Assuming roles of government officers, corporate executives, mutual-fund portfolio managers, and newspaper reporters, students manage the affairs of the international organizations in a simulation exercise that is run through the Web and includes participants from other schools.

Foreign Language

IR/PS considers foreign language competency an indispensable skill for international relations professionals. All students are expected to acquire the language skills necessary to work in the Pacific region. The foreign language proficiency requirement is designed to ensure that students achieve a level of competency sufficient for professional interaction. Students are placed in foreign language courses based on prior preparation and on the results of a placement test administered during the week of orientation. Students who miss the placement exam should contact the IR/PS Language Program office (RBC 1308) for instructions.

At the present time, students can fulfill the foreign language requirement in Mandarin Chinese, Vietnamese, Japanese, Korean, Brazilian Portuguese, Bahasa Indonesia, or Spanish. Students may also fulfill their language proficiency requirement in other languages, such as Thai, Tagalog, Bahasa Malay, and other Chinese dialects; but, due to resource constraints, IR/PS cannot provide instructional support at this time. Please contact the IR/PS Language Program or the Office of Student Affairs for additional information. The language selected for the requirement must coincide with the student's regional specialization. As languages differ greatly in their relative degree of difficulty, the level of required competency varies among these languages. The minimum required level of proficiency for Spanish is equivalent to 2+ on the Foreign Service Institute Scales (FSI), 2 for Portuguese, and 2– for Mandarin Chinese, Vietnamese, Japanese, Korean, and other Asian languages. Students must pass the proficiency examination in speaking and reading administered by the IR/PS Language Program or other approved testing service before receiving their degree. The writing proficiency examination is optional.

A variety of language courses are offered by UCSD. IR/PS is currently offering four-unit language courses for professional proficiency in the six languages at intermediate to advanced levels. Students with a lower level of language proficiency are encouraged to take beginning and intermediate language courses offered by the Chinese Studies Program, the Japanese Studies Program, and the Departments of Linguistics or Literature. These courses serve as prerequisites for the language proficiency courses offered at IR/PS, which, in turn, prepare students for the proficiency examination.

Students may prepare for the proficiency examination in a variety of ways, depending on their language background, aptitude for learning languages, and actual time and effort invested in language study at IR/PS. In general, students fall into one of four categories with respect to language study: 1) those who enter at a superior level of proficiency may be waived out of the language courses; 2) those who enter with a rough equivalence of three years of Chinese, Japanese, or Korean or two-plus years of Spanish should be able to achieve the requisite level in two years without any intensive language training during the first summer; 3) those who enter with a rough equivalence of two years of Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, or Korean language or one-plus years of Spanish will usually be able to achieve the requisite level in two years by a combination of intensive language study in the summer and the six language courses for professional proficiency in the two-year program; 4) those who enter with less training in these foreign languages will need to spend at least two and one-half to three years in the program. Intensive sessions for two or three summers and language courses during the academic year should enable students to achieve the required proficiency.

The proficiency examination will be given throughout the academic year. Most students take the proficiency examination during the spring quarter of their final year. To take the examination, students must complete the language skills self-assessment, which is designed to assess a student's readiness to pass the language proficiency requirement. Students have two opportunities to take the proficiency examination given at IR/PS free of charge. An administrative fee will be charged for each subsequent examination.

Internships

Students are encouraged to participate in various internship programs that are available in business and industry, federal and state government, and through various foundations and institutions. The school has established links to a number of programs with available internships.

Education Abroad Program

Students are encouraged to participate in the Education Abroad Programs (EAP) in their second year of study. Though this will necessitate a third year of study to meet MPIA requirements, the opportunity provides unparalleled experience in the selected regional study area and language. By petition, certain credits earned through EAP may be applied to the MPIA degree requirements.

Career Development and Opportunities

The IR/PS Career Management Center (CMC) provides students with assistance in professional career development. This assistance begins in the student's first quarter and continues through the interviewing process in the final quarter.

Career services include individual advising appointments, workshops, speaker forums, special events, and a library containing international resources and employment opportunity listings. Specialized workshops explore resume writing, cover letters, salary and benefits negotiation, job-offer evaluation, interviewing skills (including videotaped mock interviews), career goals, labor market trends, and effective job search strategies.

The Ph.D. in Economics and International Affairs

Requirements for Admission

Students who seek admission to the program must have a B.A. or the equivalent from an institution of comparable standing to the University of California. Preference will be given to students with prior academic records of distinction and to those who have a background in one of the fields of emphasis and/or geographical areas covered by the program. GRE scores (verbal, quantitative, and analytical) are required of all applicants. (Indicate code #R4836 for UCSD, IR/PS department code #1901.)

A minimum score of 550 on the paper/pencil version and a minimum score of 213 on the computer-based version of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) is required of all international applicants whose native language is not English and whose undergraduate education was conducted in a language other than English. Students who score below 600 on the paper/pencil and 250 on the computer-based TOEFL examination are strongly encouraged to enroll in an English-as-a-Second-Language Program (ESL) before beginning doctoral work.

The Ph.D. Curriculum

Program of Study

The Ph.D. in economics and international affairs prepares students for research careers in economics, with an emphasis on international affairs and the Pacific region. The program combines the analytical skills of economics with political economy, institutional analysis, and region/empirical knowledge.

Program Advisory Committee

Each student is assigned a Program Advisory Committee of four economics and IR/PS faculty, at least one must be from economics, one from IR/PS and one outside member from another UCSD department. With this committee, the student works out a plan of study that the committee must approve. The student must make satisfactory progress in a coherent program of course work and reading courses, which meet the approval of the Program Advisory Committee.

Course Requirements

The Ph.D. curriculum in economics and international affairs is designed to provide students with basic training in the techniques of modern economics, as well as empirical and institutional knowledge of the Pacific region. The first year will consist of the three sequences of microeconomics, macroeconomics, and econometrics, taught in the Department of Economics. The second year will consist of continuation of the three series plus seven electives. Two of these electives will be an IR/PS sequence in political economy. In subsequent years, courses will consist of the regional sequence, an empirical project, and two third-year papers.

Regional Requirement

Students must take at least three courses, one of which may be a reading course on policy processes and issues in the Pacific region. These courses may consider the Pacific region as a whole, as a sub-region, or examine individual countries. The courses may be in both IR/PS and, with prior permission, related departments. Some students may choose to take more than the minimum three courses to deepen their knowledge of a particular country or area. Comprehensive examination on regional areas is not required.

Language Requirement

Students are expected to achieve a level appropriate to the student's dissertation topic of reading proficiency in at least one foreign language. Proficiency may be verified by examination or by certification by thesis supervisor.

Comprehensive Examinations

Students must pass written comprehensive exams in microeconomics, macroeconomics, and econometrics, which will be administered and graded by the economics department.

Dissertation

Candidates must present a dissertation prospectus no later than March of their third year in the doctoral program. They will be examined on their prospectus by their dissertation committee and must complete a dissertation, which makes a substantial and original contribution to knowledge commensurate with the standards of the University of California in order to receive the Ph.D. degree.

Oral Defense

Students will defend their dissertation at a final oral examination, which will be open to the public.

Ph.D. Time Limit Policies

Students must be advanced to candidacy by the end of five years. Total university support cannot exceed six years. Total registered time at UCSD cannot exceed seven years.

The Ph.D. in Political Science and International Affairs

Requirements for Admission

Students who seek admission to the program must have a B.A. or the equivalent from an institution of comparable standing to the University of California. Preference will be given to students with prior academic records of distinction and to those who have a background in one of the fields of emphasis and/or geographical areas covered by the program. GRE scores (verbal, quantitative, and analytical) are required of all applicants. (Indicate code #R4836 UCSD, IR/PS department code #1901.)

A minimum score of 550 on the paper/pencil version and 213 on the computer-based version of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) is required of all international applicants whose native language is not English and whose undergraduate education was conducted in a language other than English. Students who score below 600 on the paper/pencil and 250 on the computer-based TOEFL examination are strongly encouraged to enroll in an English-as-a-Second-Language Program (ESL) before beginning doctoral work. (UCSD Extension offers an excellent ESL during summer as well as the academic year. For further information, call (858) 534-3400.)

The Ph.D. Curriculum

Program of Study

The Ph.D. in political science and international affairs prepares students for research careers in political science, with an emphasis in either international policy analysis or comparative policy analysis. The program combines the analytical skills of political science with political economy, institutional analysis, policy analysis (especially economic policy) and regional training, with special attention to East Asia and/or Latin America

Course Requirements

The Ph.D. curriculum in political science and international affairs is designed to provide students with basic training in the techniques of modern political science, as well as applications to specific policy areas and countries or regions.

Seventeen courses are required prior to advancement to candidacy. There is a common core sequence, consisting of comparative public policy, two courses in comparative politics, two courses in international relations and research design. Each student must declare a primary field of either international policy analysis (IPA) or comparative policy analysis (CPA), consisting of three specialized courses. There is also a regional focus of five courses. Three additional courses must be taken from a set of electives.

Regional Requirement

The regional focus consists of international relations of Asia Pacific or international relations of the Americas (depending on which region is the student's primary region), three additional courses in the student's primary region, and one course in another region offered by either lR/PS or the Department of Political Science are required. By petition, students may count a region other than one of the IR/PS offerings (currently China, East Asia, Japan, Latin America, or South-east Asia) as their primary region.

Language Requirement

All students in the program are required to meet a high standard of proficiency in a foreign language before being advanced to candidacy. The language must be linked to the student's region.

Seminar Papers

Each student must submit two seminar papers, one in each field. The penultimate draft of each seminar paper must be completed prior to taking the appropriate field exam, and the final draft must be completed by the end of the quarter in which the exam is taken. Both papers must demonstrate knowledge of the student's regional focus, as well as knowledge of relevant theory in the field. At least one of the papers must also demonstrate knowledge of a substantive policy area, related to the student's primary focus field.

Comprehensive Examinations

Each student must pass two comprehensive examinations, one in international relations and one in comparative politics. Each exam will be graded by a joint committee consisting of three permanent faculty members, with at least one from political science and at least one from IR/PS.

The primary field exam contains a focus field, which may be either a substantive field of policy analysis (e.g. trade, environment, international finance) or the student's chosen primary region. Regardless of focus field, that part of the exam shall test the student's knowledge of theoretical literature and ability to apply it to a policy issue of relevance to the region.

Dissertation

Candidates must present a dissertation prospectus to be examined by their dissertation committee, and must complete a dissertation which makes a substantial and original contribution to knowledge commensurate with the standards of the University of California in order to receive the Ph.D. degree. The dissertation committee shall consist of four faculty members chosen from the Department of Political Science and IR/PS, with at least one from each unit. A fifth member must be from outside the department and IR/PS.

Oral Defense

Students will defend their dissertation at a final oral examination, which will be open to the public.

Ph.D. Time Limit Policies

Students must be advanced to candidacy by the end of the fourth year. Total university support cannot exceed seven years. Total registered time at UCSD cannot exceed eight years.

The Ph.D. in International Affairs

Pending final approval of the joint Ph.D. degree programs in economics and international affairs, and political science and international affairs, no future admissions will be made to the Ph.D in International Affairs Program.

International Career Associates Program

The International Career Associates Program (ICAP) is designed for working professionals seeking additional exposure to the various areas of international management, international relations, and comparative public policy.

Participants in the program spend an academic year at IR/PS, usually beginning in mid-September and ending in mid-June. Under the auspices of the program, professionals have an opportunity to further internationalize their knowledge and experience, as well as enhance their professional development in such areas as finance, management, marketing, accounting, quantitative methods, econometrics, long-range strategic planning, international affairs, and comparative decision-making. The program of study is tailored to individual interests under the guidance of the program's director and faculty advisers.

IR/PS offers:

  • An individualized one-year program leading to a Certificate of Study
  • An optional summer program preceding the academic year
  • An academic tutorial program
  • Opportunities to interact with world-renowned Pacific Rim scholars and policymakers
  • Special seminars and lectures by academics and professionals
  • IR/PS-sponsored cultural events and field trips to local, state, and national organizations and government offices

For further information, contact the International Career Associates Program office at (858) 534-7420.

The Korea-Pacific Program

The Korea-Pacific Program was formed in September 1989 in recognition of the growing importance of Korea in the world, of Korean-U.S. relationships, and of the Korean model of social and economic development.

Directed by IR/PS Professor Stephan M. Haggard, the program promotes the understanding of Korea in an international context and encourages the study of Korea in a university setting by offering courses in the country's society, economics, language, and policymaking. Research is supported on contemporary Korean society and policy issues. Outreach to the community is offered through seminars, lectures, courses, and cultural events, including performances and exhibits in the Korean arts.

In comparison with other Korean studies programs in the United States, the IR/PS Korea-Pacific Program is distinctive in several respects: it concentrates on contemporary Korea, focuses on policy questions, stresses the foundations of Korean economic growth, explores Korea's international relations, and seeks to understand Korea in a broad regional context.

The Korea-Pacific Program is supported by a strong Korean language component, encourages a broad understanding of Korean culture and history, and has a strong community base in and around its university setting.

The ASEAN-Pacific Project

The ASEAN-Pacific Project is one of several major regional and theme-based nodes of activity within the Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies. Its mandate is to support students and to serve as a catalyst for the development of Southeast Asia-related teaching and research activities within the school. The director of the project is Associate Professor Andrew MacIntyre.

The ASEAN-Pacific Project extends the success of the school's original Vietnam-Pacific Project, with scope being broadened to embrace the other countries of Southeast Asia.

The project is built upon private donations to the school, with this resource being supplemented by resources obtained from external grant agencies and the university. One of the primary goals of the project's private benefactors has been to support students at the school interested in Southeast Asia. To this end fellowships (covering tuition and/or a stipend) have been offered on a competitive basis to students from the United States and Southeast Asia enrolled in both the MPIA and Ph.D. programs. Additionally, travel fellowships have been offered to support students wanting to travel to Southeast Asia during the summer or to pursue internship opportunities that are Southeast Asia-related.

The project also serves as a catalyst and facilitator for research projects within the school relating to Southeast Asia. Examples of this include a study of the development of small and medium enterprises in Vietnam, the relocation of the global magnetic disk drive industry to Southeast Asia, and the dynamics of off-budget government spending in Indonesia. The project also supports visiting speakers for seminars on topics relating to Southeast Asia.

The third major leg of the ASEAN-Pacific Project has been to support the development of teaching resources. To date the focus of activity in this area has been on the development of Vietnamese language instruction at the school.

Courses

MPIA Core Curriculum

IRCO 400. Policy-Making Processes (4)
A course designed to teach students how to "read" a country's political and economic system. The course will examine how the evolution of different institutional frameworks in the countries of the Pacific region influences the way in which political choices are made.

IRCO 401. Managerial Economics (4)
Survey of basic tools in economics. Examination of how commodity demand is determined, what affects supply of the commodity, how price is determined, when optimal market allocation of resources and failure occurs, and basic topics concerning the aggregate economy.

IRCO 403. International Economics (4)
The theory and mechanics of international economics. Included will be such topics as real trade theory, international movements of capital, the effects of trade and capital flows on domestic economies, and policies toward trade and foreign investment.

IRCO 410. International Politics and Security (4)
Development of analytic tools for understanding international relations with applications to contemporary problems such as the environment, nuclear proliferation, human rights, humanitarian interventions, and the roots of conflict and cooperation among countries.

IRCO 411. The Politics of International Economic Relations (4)
The course presents explanations for the political organization of international economic relations in different issue-areas. Additional topics include international economic inequality, efforts by states to manipulate economic relations for strategic gain, and the prospects for regional and global organizations.

IRCO 420. Accounting (4)
An introduction to financial accounting designed to prepare students to understand their own organizations' international operations and interpret information from outside organizations. The emphasis will be on understanding the potential uses and limitations of accounting information for various management purposes, and the procedural aspects of accounting will be introduced only to the extent necessary to explicate the basic concepts.

IRCO 421. Finance (4)
This course surveys the financial problems facing managers and analyzes financial institutions, financial instruments, and capital markets. Tools acquired will prepare students to analyze international financial topics such as exchange rate behavior, the management of international risk, and international financing. Prerequisites: IRCO 420, 453, and 454.

IRCO 453. Quantitative Methods: Decision Making and Scenario Analysis (2)
This course is designed to provide proficiency in quantitative methods that are used for optimization and decision making. It first develops graphic and analytical solutions to resource allocation and efficient production. Next, scenario analysis and elements of decision making under uncertainty are introduced. Finally, the use of spreadsheets is applied to data analysis and problem solving.

IRCO 454. Quantitative Methods: Decision Making under Uncertainty (2)
This course covers elements from statistics that are central to business decision making under uncertainty. In particular, regression analysis and estimation will be applied to problems of forecasting and optimization.

IRCO 460. Management and Policy (4)
A case-based class that aims to synthesize the material learned in the first year and apply it to solve real-world problems in business and public policy, strategy, and management. Prerequisites: IRCO 400, 401, 403, 410, 411, 420, 421, 453 and 454, or consent of instructor.

IRCO 461. International Business and Policy Simulation (4)
To simulate a complete international economic system, students participate in a corporate, government, investment management, or newspaper team. They make weekly decisions and discuss results in class. Prerequisites. IRCO 400, 401, 403, 410, 411, 420, 421, 453, 454 and 460 or consent of instructor.

General Courses

Not all general courses are offered each year.

IRGN 400. International Relations of the Pacific (4)
International relations and developing international political economies of nations bordering the Pacific. Topics include: the "Pacific Basin" concept; the U.S. and "hegemonic-stability" theory; legacies of Korean War and Sino-Soviet dispute; immigration patterns and their consequences; and Japan's foreign policy.

IRGN 402. International Political Economy: Money and Finance (4)
Examination of effects of national policies and international collaboration of public and private international financial insitutions, in particular management of international debt crises, economic policy coordination, and the role of international lender of last resort. Prerequisite: IRCO 411 or consent of instructor. Conjoined with Political Science 144D and 262.

IRGN 403. International Political Economy: Trade (4)
This course examines the evolution of the international trading system, emphasizing issues of politics and policy. Topics include developments in the GATT, the emergence of regional trading blocs, protectionism, industrial policy, and the relationship between trade and direct investment. Students choose a particular sector to develop expertise. Prerequisite: IRCO 411 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 404. Chinese Politics (4)
This course will analyze post-1949 Chinese politics, including political institutions, the policy making process, and citizen political behavior. Special attention will be paid to the prospects for political reform in China.

IRGN 406. The Politics of Democratization (4)
This course will examine the following questions: Why do some countries fail and others succeed in establishing democracies? How do leaders "institutionalize uncertainty"? Should economic or political liberalization come first? Why are there periodic "waves" of democratic breakthrough and breakdown?

IRGN 407. Bureaucracy and Public Policy (4)
What determines the degree of influence bureaucrats exert over public policy outcomes, versus the influence of politicians? Overview of themes such as developmental state, state autonomy, legislative oversight, clientelism, corruption. Applications to Japan, East Asia, United States, and Latin America. Prerequisite: IRCO 400 or permission of instructor.

IRGN 408. Internal Conflict after the Cold War (4)
Will examine the causes of civil wars and the problems with resolution and state reconstruction. Theoretical approaches discussed will then be applied to three recent case studies: Cambodia, Rwanda, and Bosnia. Policy implications for the international community will be discussed. Prerequisite: IRCO 410.

IRGN 409. Economic Policy in Latin America (4)
This course seeks to enhance the students' understanding of the main policy alternatives open to the largest Latin American countries. Development and stabilization policies are analyzed, emphasizing current debate between conventional and heterodox policy packages and their impact on decisionmaking. Prerequisites: IRCO 401, IRCO 403.

IRGN 411. Business and Management in Japan (4)
This course introduces the main aspects of Japanese business and industrial organization (keiretsu), Japanese management practices, and the representation and influence of business interests in the Japanese political economy.

IRGN 412. The Politics of International Competitiveness (4)
Examination of policy debates concerning international economic relations: what policies promote or encourage effective participation in the international economy, and what political factors support or oppose such policies? Examples are drawn from the experiences of the U.S., Japan, Europe, Latin America, and East Asia.

IRGN 413. The Political Economy of Regulated International Markets (4)
This course examines the politics and economics of world markets that are subject to extensive government regulation. Cases include examples from the services, manufacturing, and commodities markets. The course investigates why there are different types of regulation for each market, how global regulations interact with national regulations, and how firms respond to regulations.

IRGN 414. U.S. Strategic Policy Issues in a Changing World (4)
Strategic issues facing the U.S. in the 90s will be described and analyzed. Issues taken up will include nuclear weapons policy, space policy, European and Northeast Asia security policies. Political, military and technical aspects of these issues will be analyzed. Prerequisite: graduate status or consent of instructor. Some background in political science and in quantitative analysis of issues desirable.

IRGN 416. Post War Politics in Japan (4)
Overview of postwar politics in Japan, including American Occupation reforms, political institutions, major political factors, mass and elite, and political behavior. Special attention will be paid to the issue of Japan's changing democracy.

IRGN 417. Models of International Change (4)
The seminar will explore models that account for international change by linking international (systemic or structural) and domestic variables. Particular attention will be given to evolutionary and learning models as they have been employed in a number of disciplines. Prerequisite: IRCO 410.

IRGN 418. Trade and Economic Growth: Lessons from Pacific Basin Economies (4)
The purpose of this course is to survey economic relations among Pacific Basin economics, exploring relevant economic and public policy issues. Major topics include: productivity; trade; technology spill-over/transfer; foreign direct investment; factor and human capital accumulation; income distribution; and regional insitutional arrangments. Prerequisites: IRCO 401 and 403.

IRGN 419. Derivative Asset Markets (4)
This course provides an introduction to derivative assets such as options, futures, and swap contracts. The main emphasis is on their valuation, use in hedging, and role as components of liabilities that mitigate risk and agency problems in business firms. Prerequisite: IRCO 421.

IRGN 420. Principles of Marketing (4)
This course develops the micro-economic foundations of market exchange by explicitly examining the marketing details of transactions: demand and product differentiation, incomplete and incorrect information, search costs and promotion costs. It is argued that within this theoretical framework (i.e., model) most observed marketing behavior can be reconciled. The primary objective of this course is to learn to deduce firm and consumer motives from observed behavior. Prerequisites: IRCO 401 and 403, or consent of instructor.

IRGN 421. International Marketing (4)
This course focuses on decision making in international marketing. The impact of cultural, social, political, economic, and other environmental variables on international marketing systems and the decision making process of multilateral marketing operations will be addressed. Prerequisites: IRCO 453 and 454, and IRGN 420 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 422. Investments (4)
An analysis of the risk/return characterics of different assets as perceived by different investors and their implications for security price behavior, emphasizing real world capital market behavior. International aspects include the role of exchange rate risk and international diversification. Prerequisites: IRCO 421, 453, and 454, or consent of instructor.

IRGN 424. Corporate Finance (4)
The topics covered are dividend policy and capital structure, options, debt financing, and short- and long-term financial planning. Course format will consist mostly lectures, with occasional cases. Some international aspects of corporate finance will also be discussed. Prerequisites: IRCO 401, 403, 420, 421, 453, and 454, or consent of instructor.

IRGN 427. Competition and Regulation in the Global Communications Market (4)
This course explores the global market for telecommunications, internet, and information services. It analyzes how regulation and international trade rules influence market structure. It examines the politics underlying government rules, and it probes the strategies of corporation in the global market.

IRGN 430. Globalization (4)
This seminar surveys ideas about economic globalization. Discussion focuses on production "chains," the division of products into components, and their distribution around the world.

IRGN 431. Fiscal and Monetary Policy (4)
This course examines the effects of fiscal and monetary policies on aggregate variables such as output, nominal and real interest rates, price level, and employment. Additional topics include the inflation/unemployment trade-off, budget deficit, and economic growth.

IRGN 433. International Finance (4)
The international financial system will be addressed, including the perspectives of individual investors, borrowers, and financial intermediaries. Public policy issues including the exchange rate mechanism, financial linkages among countries, optimum currency areas and macro-policy coordination will be discussed. Prerequisites: IRCO 403, 421, or consent of instructor.

IRGN 434. Strategic Analysis (4)
This course analyzes competitive interactions, surveying the modern economic analysis of relationships between and within organizations. The foundations of the course are game theory and the economics of information. Topics include bargaining and contracting, principal-agent models, and bidding models.

IRGN 435. Topics in International Trade (4)
Objective is to develop analytic tools and explore their relevance for trade policy issues. Focuses on a revolving set of issues, including the political economy of trade policy, strategic trade and industrial policy; trade and financial liberalization; the debate on trade, jobs and wages; and trade and international technology transfer. Prerequisites: IRCO 401 and 403, or consent of instructor.

IRGN 437. Strategy and Planning in Production and Operations Management (4)
This course examines manufacturing, distribution, and service activities that are relevant to the strategic management of operations. It explores the everyday control of operations, the design of the production system, and the interface between operations and other aspects of the firm's overall strategy. Prerequisite: IRGN 438 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 438. Production and Operations Management: Analysis and Control (4)
This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental decisions and trade-offs associated with the control of a firm's operations function. It analyzes production processes, quality control, inventory and materials planning, kanban and just-in-time principles. Prerequisites: IRCO 453 and 454, or consent of instructor.

IRGN 439. International Manufacturing Strategy: Selected Topics (4)
This course covers selected issues emerging from the recent trends in globalization of a firm's manufacturing activities. Topics include globalization of manufacturing base, international comparison of manufacturing management, the role of manufacturing in the global competition. Prerequisite: IRGN 438 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 440. Managerial Accounting and Control (4)
Focus on planning, managing, controlling and evaluating costs for competitive advantage in global markets. Key topics will include cost structure, cost-based managerial decision making, strategic cost management, JIT/TQC cost management, and accounting control systems. Prerequisite: IRCO 420 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 441. Seminar in Advanced Topics in Production and Operations Management (4)
Studies of advanced analytical techniques in operations management. Emphasis is on the application of various analytical methods to operational problems. Students are encouraged to carry out a research project for the actual application of these techniques. Prerequisite: IRGN 438 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 442. Economic Analysis of Manufacturing Systems (4)
How to evaluate manufacturing process economics. Cost accounting, project evaluation, net present value and other financial measures, making tradeoffs among alternatives, cost of quality losses, assessing intangibles. Impacts of design and operating policies. Fitting manufacturing processes to market and strategy.

IRGN 443. Economics of Telecommunications (4)
This course will focus on the underlying economics of the telecommunications and public policy rationale of regulations applied to this industry. Both theoretical models and case studies will be used to provide better understanding of the telecommunications marketplace and the nature of competition between service providers in the industry. Prerequisite: IRCO 401 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 444. Product Design and Process Development (4)
Engineering management, emphasizing creation and improvement of products and processes. Cases, lectures, and team exercises set in various industries, including software. Prerequisites: IRGN 438 or consent of instructor plus experience in manufacturing, engineering, or software.

IRGN 445. Entrepreneurship and Intraprenerurship (4)
Student teams (3–5) are admitted to the course on the basis of a proforma business plan. While teams perfect their plans, class discussions cover aspects of creating and planning new businesses, culminating in presentations of their final plans. Prerequisites: IRCO 400, 401, 403, 410, 411, 420, 421, 453, and 454, and consent of instructor.

IRGN 446. Applied Data Analysis and Statistical Decision Making (4)
The goal of the course is to teach how to evaluate quantitative information in business and economics contexts, and to make sound managerial decisions in complex situations. Much of the problems and course work will involve statistical software and spreadsheet analysis of data. The course covers various applied multivariate statistical methods beyond basics. Prerequisites: IRCO 453 and 454, or consent of instructor.

IRGN 447. Organizations (4)
A seminar course based on the modern economics of organization. Covers an eclectic set of readings on a diverse range of organizations, looking at how incentives for collective action are structured. Prerequisites: IRCO 401 and 403.

IRGN 448. Politics and Political Institutions in Southeast Asia (4)
This course examines key aspects of political life in one or two selected Southeast Asia countries focusing on the interrelationship between political problems in these rapidly changing societies and their political institutions. The countries considered may vary from year to year. Prerequisite: IRGN 463 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 449. Making U.S. Foreign Policy (4)
Analysis of the interests, structure and procedures of the main executive branch agencies involved in the formulation of foreign policy, and of the roles of Congress, the media, public opinion, and non-governmental actors. Case studies and "daily briefings" to prepare students to perform professionally in the foreign policy arena. Prerequisite: IRCO 410 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 451. Economic Development (4)
This course examines comparative patterns of industrialization and agricultural modernization with a focus on certain common features of the modernization process and widely varying endowments, policies, and experiences of different countries. Prerequisites: IRCO 401 and 403, or consent of instructor.

IRGN 453. Sustainable Development (4)
This course will cover the concept of sustainable development, ways in which sustainable development can be measured, evaluation of environmental damages and benefits, and the role of discounting, and will analyze cases demonstrating failure of the market.

IRGN 454. Current Issues in U.S.-Latin American Relations (4)
This course features active debate of such issues as the collective defense of democracy, coping with revolutionary change, counter-narcotics, anti-corruption, international finance, trade, and U.S.-Mexican and U.S.-Brazilian relations. In each case, students analyze the strengths and weaknesses of current U.S. policy and advocate alternative options. Prerequisite: IRCO 410 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 455. Economic Theories of Regional Integration (4)
This course introduces students to the basic economics of trading blocs and proceeds to more complicated topics in the theory of preferential trading arrangements, customs unions, and currency unions. Students then use the formal theory they have learned to compare economic integration in different parts of the world. Prerequisites: IRCO 401 and 403 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 456. Program Design and Evaluation (4)
Introduction to elements of program design and evaluation. Examines principles and guidelines used in creating a program and evaluating its success or failure. International case studies are explored. Students have the opportunity to develop their own program and evaluation projects.

IRGN 457. Policy Analysis and the Environment (4)
Examination of public policy analysis, such as cost-benefit analysis and project evaluation, for use in policy formation. Sustainable development will receive particular attention. Case studies emphasizing the environment, agriculture and food, and economic development will be included.

IRGN 458. International Environmental Policy (4)
Review of environmental issues, including transboundary air and water pollution, acid rain, ozone depletion, species eradication, whaling, and climate change. Economic, political, and social consequences of international environmental disputes. Current approaches to environmental policy analysis.

IRGN 459. Conflict Resolution of Environmental Issues (4)
Use of bilateral negotiations (U.S.-Canada), regional organization (ECE and acid rain in Europe), and United Nations specialized agencies (UNEP and WMO on ozone depletion and climate change) to mediate environmental disputes. Consideration of nontraditional approaches resolving international environmental problems.

IRGN 460. The Politics of U.S.-Japan Economic Relations (4)
This course will analyze how the domestic politics of each country, their international negotiations, and their interaction concerning economic issues have affected the U.S.-Japan relationship. Both the politics of cooperation and integration, and trade friction and conflict will be addressed in part through study of specific cases.

IRGN 461. Doing Business in China (4)
This course describes the Chinese commerical, organizational, and cultural environment. Case studies of foreign businesses in China are examined, and the opportunities and pitfalls of operation in China are considered. Negotiation with Chinese counterparts is covered through a negotiation exercise. The focus is on mainland China, but some attention is given to business in Hong Kong and Taiwan as well. Students are required to prepare business plans for proposed Chinese ventures.

IRGN 462. Problems in the International Political Economy of the Asia-Pacific Region (4)
This course examines a range of major applied international political economy issues confronting the Asia-Pacific region. The central themes in the course are: the sources of rapid economic growth, the significance of international institutions designed to promote economic and regional integration, and the dynamics of major areas of economic and political tension within the region. Prerequisite: IRCO 411 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 463. Political Economy of Southeast Asia (4)
This course provides an introduction to five Southeast Asian countries: Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam. The focus will be on national-level political and economic issues in these countries. In addition, a number of region-wide issues will also be examined such as: Chinese business groups and networks; clientelism and corruption; regional trade and investment linkages; democratization; and the implications of political change for future economic development.

IRGN 467. Policymaking and Political Economy in Japan (4)
The policymaking process in Japan and the interaction and role of state and non-state actors in shaping Japan's economic development. Analysis and comparison, through case studies of industrial policies (toward high-tech and declining industries), and non-industrial policies and their consequences.

IRGN 468. Government and Business in Japan (4)
This course aims to identify and analyze the basic features of the Japanese political economy and government-business relationships in postwar Japan. Following an introduction to the constituents of Japanese political and industrial organization, specific aspects of financial and industrial policy (MOF/MITI) as well as regulation and corporate governance are discussed.

IRGN 469. The Japanese Financial System (4)
This course studies the financial system in Japan and analyzes its role in the development of the Japanese economy. Topics will include keiretsu and the main bank system, internationalization and deregulation of finance, the Bank of Japan and monetary policy. Prerequisites: IRCO 401 and 403.

IRGN 470. International Business Strategy (4)
This course analyzes corporate strategies and management issues in their international dimensions. Based on numerous case studies, the class examines the strategic opportunities and problems that emerge when companies transfer corporate skills and competence to other countries. Recommended: IRCO 456A.

IRGN 471. Japanese Economy (4)
A broad survey of the Japanese economy, together with in-depth examination of some distinctively Japanese phenomena such as savings behavior, financial structure, industrial organization, and labor markets. Prerequisites: IRCO 401 and 403, or consent of instructor.

IRGN 472. Japanese Corporate Culture (4)
This course examines Japanese cultural values and social relations in the context of business organizations. The central focus will be on the integration of individuals into their organizations and on the human relations characteristic of their work environments.

IRGN 473. APEC: Regional Integration, Policies and Procedures (4)
This course examines regional integration in the Asia Pacific from historical, institutional, and comparative perspectives. It considers the origins of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Forum, the diverse interests of APEC member economies, APEC institutional procedures, the implementations of trade and technical assistance initiatives, and the roles of the private sector and NGOs. Student participation and original research is emphasized.

IRGN 474. Latin American Societies: Social Classes and State Policies in a Comparative Perspective (4)
Focuses on class structures, political mobilization, and government policies (economic and social policies in particular) in selected South American countries. Special attention will be given to the interaction between domestic and external economic and political processes.

IRGN 476. Doing Business in Latin America (4)
This course will explore the realities of conducting business in Latin America. The focus will be on discussing a variety of cases, mainly in four countries—Mexico, Brazil, Argentina and Chile—covering strategic, operational, organizational, and cross-cultural issues. Course format will consist of case studies and will include the development and presentation of a business plan.

IRGN 477. Latin American Politics (4)
Introductory reading seminar on Latin American politics to acquaint students with leading schools of thought, provide critical perspective on premises and methodology, and identify themes for further inquiry. Themes include authoritarianism, revolution, democratization, regional conflict, and emergence of middle-level powers.

IRGN 478. Mexican Economic Policy (4)
This course offers an overview of economic policy in Mexico. It covers the shift from "stabilizing growth" in the 1950s and 1960s to crisis in the 1970s and 1980s and current reforms. International interactions and current developments are stressed. Prerequisites: IRCO 401 and 403.

IRGN 479. Politics and Institutions in Latin America (4)
Overview of Latin American politics and the "rules of the game," both formal and informal. Key topics include military rule, presidentialism, and clientelism in the region as a whole, with special emphasis on Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. Prerequisite: IRCO 400 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 480. Policy-Making in Latin America (4)
This course explores major policy issues in contemporary Latin America, especially the breaakdown of import substitution and subsequent liberalization of economics. Special attention is given to the coalition strategies of politicians and the capacity of state institutions to deliver public goods. Prerequisite: IRGN 479 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 482. East Asian NICS (4)
Forces explaining the success of four economies in East Asia (South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore), and two natural resource-rich states (Malaysia, Thailand) will be addressed. Theoretical models, implementation of development policies/strategies, and sociopolitical causes and consequences of development will be discussed. Prerequisites: IRCO 401 and 403, or IRCO 410 and 411, or consent of instructor.

IRGN 484. Korean Politics and Society (4)
This course will examine characteristics and distinctive aspects of contemporary Korean society and politics. Emphasis will be placed on continuity and change in social values, political culture and leadership, economic growth and its impact, and democratization and its future prospects.

IRGN 485. The Political Economy of South Korea (4)
Analytical review of South Korea's economic performance. Examination of major policy changes (e.g., shifts toward export promotion, heavy and chemical industrial promotion); Korea's industrial structure including the role of large enterprises (chaebol); role of government; links between Korea and other countries.

IRGN 486. Economic and Social Development of China (4)
This course examines China's development experience from a generally economic standpoint. Contents include: patterns of traditional Chinese society and economy; geography and resource constraints; impact of the West and Japan; development since 1949; and contemporary problems and options.

IRGN 490. Special Topics in Pacific International Affairs (4)
A seminar course at an advanced level on a special topic in Pacific international affairs. May be repeated for credit.

IRGN 490x. Additional Special Topics in Pacific International Affairs (4)
A seminar course at an advanced level on a special topic in Pacific international affairs. Variable instruction times expected.

IRGN 497. Internship (4-12)
Field research in an area relevant to career and/or regional specialization. May be repeated for credit.

IRGN 498. Directed Group Study (2-12)
Directed reading in a selected area. The content of each course is to be decided by the professor directing the course with the approval of the student's faculty adviser. May be repeated for credit.

IRGN 499. Independent Research (2-12)
Independent research under the guidance of a faculty member at IR/PS. May be repeated for credit.

Language Courses

IRLA 1A-B-C. First-Year Korean: Korean Conversation (2-2-2)
Tutorial meetings to practice Korean conversation. Must be taken with IRLA 1AX, BX, CX.

IRLA 1AX-BX-CX. First-Year Korean: Analysis of Korean (3-3-3)
Introduction to the phonology, orthography, morphology, and syntax of the Korean language. Lectures and practice. Prerequisite: must be taken with IRLA 1A, B, C.

IRLA 3A-B-C. First-Year Vietnamese: Vietnamese Conversation (2-2-2)
This course consists of tutorial meetings to provide additional training and practice in Vietnamese conversation. This course must be taken with IRLA 3AX-BX-CX.

IRLA 3AX-BX-CX. First-Year Vietnamese: Analysis of Vietnamese (3-3-3)
This course provides an introduction to the phonology, orthography, morphology, and syntax of the Vietnamese language. The course format consists of lectures and practice. This is a course for students with no Vietnamese background.

IRLA 4A-B-C. Beginning Portuguese: Portuguese Conversation (4-4-4)
Presentation and practice of basic grammatical structures needed for oral and written communication of Portuguese. Emphasis on listening comprehension, speaking, vocabulary building, reading, and culture. For students with no Spanish background.

IRLA 11A-B-C. Second-Year Korean: Korean Conversation (2-2-2)
Tutorial meetings to practice Korean conversation. Must be taken with IRLA 11AX-BX-CX. Prerequisites: IRLA 1C and 1CX or equivalent.

IRLA 11AX-BX-CX. Second-Year Korean: Analysis of Korean (3-3-3)
A continuation of IRLA 1A, B, C. Through lectures and practice, students will review the basic structure of Korean and will be introduced to an intermediate-level analysis of Korean structure. Must be taken with IRLA 11A-B-C. Prerequisites: IRLA 1C and 1CX or equivalent.

IRLA 33A-B-C. Second-Year Vietnamese: Vietnamese Conversation (2-2-2)
Tutorial meetings to practice Vietnamese conversation. Prerequisites: must be taken with IRLA 33AX, BX, CX. Completion of IRLA 3A, 3B, 3C and 3AX, 3BX, 3CX or consent of instructor.

IRLA 33AX-BX-CX. Second-Year Vietnamese: Analysis of Vietnamese (3-3-3)
A continuation of first-year Vietnamese. Through lectures and practice students will review the basic structure of Vietnamese and will be introduced to an intermediate level analysis of Vietnamese structure. Prerequisites: IRLA 3A, 3B, 3C, 3AX, 3BX, 3CX and must be taken with 33A, B, C or consent of instructor.

IRLA 34A-B-C. Vietnamese for Bilingual Speakers (4-4-4)
This course is for those students who have a high level of speaking proficiency in Vietnamese but little or no reading and writing abilities. Special emphasis in the development of reading and writing skills. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

IRLA 145A-B-C. Vietnamese Language and Civilization (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable students at an intermediate level of proficiency to maintain and improve their Vietnamese language skills through study of Vietnamese text focusing on Vietnamese culture and society from the sixteenth century to the present. Topics that will be examined include religion, politics, economics, and history. Prerequisites: prior ability to read, write and speak Vietnamese language, department stamp.

IRLA 400A-B-C. Chinese Language for Professional Proficiency (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable students at a low-intermediate level of proficiency to maintain and improve their Chinese language skills through a combination of classes, language laboratories, exercises, and other language experiences. Prerequisite: IR/PS majors only, or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 401A-B-C. Chinese Language for Professional Proficiency (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable students at an intermediate level of proficiency to maintain and improve their Chinese language skills through a combination of classes, language laboratories, exercises, and other language experiences. Prerequisite: IR/PS majors only, or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 402A-B-C. Chinese Language for Professional Proficiency (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable students at an advanced-intermediate level of proficiency to maintain and improve their Chinese language skills through a combination of classes, language laboratories, exercises, and other language experiences. Prerequisite: IR/PS majors only, or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 403A-B-C. Chinese Language for Professional Proficiency (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable students at an advanced level of proficiency to maintain and improve their Chinese language skills through a combination of classes, language laboratories, exercises, and other language experiences. Prerequisite: IR/PS majors only, or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 404A-B-C. Chinese Language for Professional Proficiency (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable students at a superior level of proficiency to maintain and improve their Chinese language skills through individual training with an instructor. Prerequisite: IR/PS majors only, or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 406A-B-C. Technical Chinese Language (4)
A course designed to prepare IR/PS technical management track students to meet the language competency requirement in Chinese. Acquisition of technical language skills through classes, language, language laboratory, exercises, and other activities. Prerequisite: IR/PS technical concentration admission status or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 410A-B-C. Japanese Language for Professional Proficiency (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable students at a low-intermediate level of proficiency to maintain and improve their Japanese language skills through a combination of classes, language laboratories, exercises, and other language experiences. Prerequisite: IR/PS majors only or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 411A-B-C. Japanese Language for Professional Proficiency (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable students at an intermediate level of proficiency to maintain and improve their Japanese language skills through a combination of classes, language laboratories, exercises, and other language experiences. Prerequisite: IR/PS majors only, or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 412A-B-C. Japanese Language for Professional Proficiency (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable students at an advanced-intermediate level of proficiency to maintain and improve their Japanese language skills through a combination of classes, language laboratories, exercises, and other language experiences. Prerequisite: IR/PS majors only, or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 413A-B-C. Japanese Language for Professional Proficiency (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable students at an advanced level of proficiency to maintain and improve their Japanese language skills through a combination of classes, language laboratories, exercises, and other language experiences. Prerequisite: IR/PS majors only, or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 414A-B-C. Japanese Language for Professional Proficiency (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable students at a superior level of proficiency to maintain and improve their Japanese language skills through individual training with an instructor. Prerequisite: IR/PS majors only, or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 416A-B-C. Technical Japanese Language (4)
A course designed to prepare IR/PS technical management track students to meet the language competency requirement in Japanese. Acquisition of technical language skills through classes, language, language laboratory, exercises, and other activities. Prerequisite: IR/PS technical concentration admission status or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 420A-B-C. Korean Language for Professional Proficiency (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable students at a low-intermediate level of proficiency to maintain and improve their Korean language skills through a combination of classes, language laboratories, exercises, and other language experiences. Prerequisite: IR/PS majors only or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 421A-B-C. Korean Language for Professional Proficiency (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable students at an intermediate level of proficiency to maintain and improve their Korean language skills through a combination of classes, language laboratories, exercises, and other language experiences. Prerequisite: IR/PS majors only, or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 430A-B-C. Portuguese Language for Spanish Speakers (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable Spanish-speaking students to acquire proficiency in the Portuguese language through a combination of classes, language laboratories, exercises, and other language experiences. Prerequisite: IR/PS majors only or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 431A-B-C. Second Year Portuguese Language for Spanish Speakers (4-4-4)
A continuation of first-year Portuguese for Spanish speakers. This course is designed to enable Spanish-speaking students to be introduced to an intermediate level of Portuguese language through a combination of classes, language, laboratories, exercises, and other language experiences. Prerequisite: IR/PS majors only or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 440A-B-C. Spanish Language for Professional Proficiency (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable students at a low-intermediate level of proficiency to maintain and improve their Spanish language skills through a combination of classes, language laboratories, exercises, and other language experiences. Prerequisite: IR/PS majors only or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 441A-B-C. Spanish Language for Professional Proficiency (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable students at an intermediate level of proficiency to maintain and improve their Spanish language skills through a combination of classes, language laboratories, exercises, and other language experiences. Prerequisite: IR/PS majors only, or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 442A-B-C. Spanish Language for Professional Proficiency (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable students at an advanced-intermediate level of proficiency to maintain and improve their Spanish language skills through a combination of classes, language laboratories, exercises, and other language experiences. Prerequisite: IR/PS majors only, or by consent of instructor.

IP/Lane 443A-B-C. Spanish Language for Professional Proficiency (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable students at an advanced level of proficiency to maintain and improve their Spanish language skills through a combination of classes, language laboratories, exercises, and other language experiences. Prerequisite: IR/PS majors only, or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 444A-B-C. Spanish Language for Professional Proficiency (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable students at a superior level of proficiency to maintain and improve their Spanish language skills through individual training with an instructor. Prerequisite: IR/PS majors only, or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 446A-B-C. Technical Spanish Language (4)
A course designed to prepare IR/PS technical management track students to meet the language competency requirement in Spanish. Acquisition of technical language skills through classes, language, language laboratory, exercises, and other activities. Prerequisite: IR/PS technical concentration admission status or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 450A-B-C. Vietnamese Language for Professional Proficiency (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable students at a low-intermediate level of proficiency to maintain and improve their Vietnamese language skills through a combination of classes, language laboratories, exercises, and other language experiences. Prerequisite: IR/PS majors only or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 451A-B-C. Vietnamese Language for Professional Proficiency (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable students at an intermediate level of proficiency to maintain and improve their Vietnamese language skills through a combination of classes, language laboratories, exercises, and other language experiences. Prerequisite: IR/PS majors only, or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 452A-B-C. Vietnamese Language for Professional Proficiency (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable students at an advanced-intermediate level of proficiency to maintain and improve their Vietnamese language skills through a combination of classes, language laboratories, exercises, and other language experiences. Prerequisite: IR/PS majors only, or by consent of instructor.

IRLA 460A-B-C. Bahasa Indonesia for Professional Proficiency (4-4-4)
This course is designed to enable students with basic knowledge and skills of Bahasa Indonesia to further develop communicative skills through a combination of classes, exercises, and other language experiences.

IRLA 490. Special Topics in Language (2-12)
A seminar course at an advanced level on core linguistic functions and topics related to international management and policy work in the Pacific Rim area. Prerequisite: proficiency examination must be passed.

IRLA 500. Apprentice Teaching of Language (1-4)
This course, designed for graduate students serving as teaching assistants, includes discussion of teaching theories, techniques, and materials, conduct of discussion sessions, and participation in examinations, under the supervision of the instructor in charge of the course. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

Ph.D. Level Courses

IRGN 202. International Political Economy: Money and Finance (4)
Examination of effects of national policies and international collaboration of public and private international financial institutions, in particular management of international debt crises, economic policy coordination, and the role of international lender of last resort. Conjoined with Political Science 262. Prerequisite: IRGN 211 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 203. The International Political Economy: Trade (4)
This course examines the evolution of the international trading system, emphasizing issues of politics and policy. Topics include developments in the GATT, the emergence of regional trading blocs, protectionism, industrial policy, and the relationship between trade and direct investment. Students choose a particular sector to develop expertise. Prerequisite: IRGN 211 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 204. International Relations of the Pacific (4)
International relations and developing international political economies of nations bordering the Pacific. Topics include: the "Pacific Basin" concept; the U.S. and "hegemonic-stability" theory; legacies of the Korean War and Sino-Soviet dispute; immigration patterns and their consequences; and Japan's foreign policy.

IRGN 206. The Politics of Democratization (4)
This course will examine the following questions: Why do some countries fail and others succeed in establishing democracies? How do leaders "institutionalize uncertainty"? Should economic or political liberalization come first? Why are there periodic "waves" of democratic breakthrough and breakdown? Conjoined with Political Science 224.

IRGN 207. Bureaucracy and Public Policy (4)
What determines the degree of influence bureaucrats exert over public policy outcomes, versus the influence of politicians? Overview of themes such as developmental state, state autonomy, legislative oversight, clientelism, corruption. Applications to Japan, East Asia, United States, and Latin America. Conjoined with Political Science 228.

IRGN 208. Internal Conflict after the Cold War (4)
Will examine the causes of civil wars and the problems with resolution and state reconstruction. Theoretical approaches discussed will then be applied to three recent case studies: Cambodia, Rwanda, and Bosnia. Policy implications for the international community will be discussed. Prerequisites: IRCO 210

IRGN 209. Principles of Marketing (4).
This course develops the microeconomics foundations of market exchange by explicitly examining the marketing details of transactions: demand and product differentation, incomplete and incorrect information, search costs and promotion costs. It is argued that within this theoretical framework (i.e., model) most observed marketing behavior can be reconciled. The primary objective of this course is to learn to deduce firm and consumer motives from observed behavior. Prerequisites: IRGN 221 and 243, or consent of instructor.

IRGN 210. International Politics and Security (4)
Development of analytic tools for understanding international relations with applications to contemporary problems such as the environment, nuclear proliferation, human rights, humanitarian interventions, and the roots of conflict and cooperation among countries.

IRGN 211. The Politics of International Economic Relations (4)
The course presents explanations for the political organization of international economic relations in different issue areas. Additional topics include international economic inequality, efforts by states to manipulate economic relations for strategic gain, and the prospects for regional and global organizations.

IRGN 212. The Politics of International Competitiveness (4)
Examination of policy debates concerning international economic relations: what policies promote or encourage effective participation in the international economy, and what political factors support or oppose such policies? Examples drawn from the experiences of the U.S., Japan, Europe, Latin America, and East Asia.

IRGN 213. Derivative Asset Markets (4)
This course provides an introduction to derivative assets such as options, futures, and swap contracts. The main emphases is on their valuation, use in hedging, and role as components of liabilities that mitigate risk and agency problems in business firms. Prerequisite: IRCO 421

IRGN 214. U.S. Strategic Policy Issues in a Changing World (4).
Strategic issues facing the U.S. in the 1990s will be described and analyzed. Issues taken up will include nuclear weapons policy, space policy, European and Northeast Asia security policies. Political, military, and technical aspects of these issues will be analyzed. Some background in political science and in quantitative analysis of issues desirable.

IRGN 215. Competition and Regulation in the Global Communications Market (4)
This course explores the global market for telecommunications, Internet, and information services. It analyzes how regulation and international trade rules influence market structure. It examines the politics underlying government rules, and it probes the strategies of corporation in the global market.

IRGN 216. Post War Politics in Japan (4)
Overview of postwar politics in Japan, including American Occupation reforms, political institutions, major political actors, mass and elite, and political behavior. Special attention will be paid to the issue of Japan's changing democracy.

IRGN 217. Models of International Change (4)
The seminar will explore models that account for international change by linking international (systemic or structural) and domestic variables. Particular attention will be given to evolutionary and learning models as they have been employed in a number of disciplines.

IRGN 219A-B-C. Workshop in International Relations (4)
Examination of recent research in international politics; development and presentation of research projects by graduate students; presentation of research projects by faculty. Second year students present seminar paper; third year students present dissertation prospectus; candidates make yearly presentation of dissertation research. Prerequisite: Political Science 202 or consent of instructor. Conjoined with Political Science 283A-B-C.

IRGN 220. APEC: Integration, Policies and Procedures (4)
This course examines regional integration in the Asia Pacific from historical, institutional, and comparative perspectives. It considers the origins of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Forum, the diverse interest of APEC member economies. APEC institutional procedures, the implementation of trade and technical assistance initiatives, and the roles of the private sector and NGOs. Student participation and original research is emphasized.

IRGN 221. Managerial Economics (4)
Survey of basic tools in economics. Examination of how commodity demand is determined, what affects supply of the commodity, how price is determined, when optimal market allocation of resources and failures occurs, and basic topics concerning the aggregate economy.

IRGN 222. Investments (4)
An analysis of the risk/return characteristics of different assets as perceived by different investors and their implications for security price behavior, emphasizing real world capital market behavior. International aspects include the role of exchange rate risk and international diversification.

IRGN 224. Corporate Finance (4)
The topics covered are dividend policy and capital structure, options, debt financing, and short- and long-term financial planning. Course format will be mostly lectures with occasional cases. Some international aspects of corporate finance will also be discussed.

IRGN 227. Organizations (4)
A seminar course based on the modern economics of organization. Covers an eclectic set of readings on a diverse range of organizations, looking at how incentives for collective action are structured. Prerequisites: IRGN 221 and 243.

IRGN 228. Government and Business in Japan (4)
This course aims to identify and analyze the basic features of the Japanese political economy and government-business relationships in postwar Japan. Following an introduction to the constituents of Japanese political and industrial organization, specific aspects of financial and industrial policy (MOF/MITI) as well as regulation and corporate governance are discussed. Additional paper and/or examination will be required at the doctoral level.

IRGN 229. Business and Management in Japan (4)
This course introduces the main aspects of Japanese business and industrial organization (keiretsu), Japanese management practices, and the representation and influence of business interests in the Japanese political economy.

IRGN 230. Trade and Economic Growth: Lessons from Pacific Basin Economies (4)
The purpose of this course is to survey economic relations among Pacific Basin economies, exploring relevant economic and public policy issues. Major topics include: productivity; trade; technology spill-over/transfer; foreign direct investment; factor and human capital accumulation; income distribution; and regional institutional arrangements. Prerequisites: IRGN 221 and IRGN 243.

IRGN 231. Fiscal and Monetary Policy (4)
Effects of fiscal and monetary policies on aggregate variables such as output, nominal and real interest rates, price level, and employment. Additional topics include the inflation/unemployment trade-off, budget deficit, and economic growth.

IRGN 233. International Finance (4)
The international financial system will be addressed including the perspectives of individual investors, borrowers, and financial intermediaries. Public policy issues including the exchange rate mechanism, financial linkages among countries, optimum currency areas, and macro-policy coordination will be discussed.

IRGN 234. Strategic Analysis (4)
This course analyzes competitive interactions, surveying the modern economic analysis of relationships between and within organizations. The foundations of the course are game theory and the economics of information. Topics include bargaining and contracting, principal-agent models, and bidding models.

IRGN 235. Topics in International Trade (4)
Objective is to develop analytic tools and explore their rele-vance for trade policy issues. Focuses on a revolving set of issues, including the political economy of trade policy, strategic trade and industrial policy, trade and financial liberalization, the debate on trade, jobs, and wages, and trade and international technology transfer.

IRGN 237. Strategy and Planning in Production and Operations Management (4)
This course examines manufacturing, distribution, and service activities that are relevant to the strategic management of operations. It explores the everyday control of operations, the design of the production system, and the interface between operations and other aspects of the firm's overall strategy. Prerequisite: IRGN 238 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 238. Production and Operations Management: Analysis and Control (4)
This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental decisions and trade-offs associated with the control of a firm's operations function. It analyzes production processes, quality control, inventory and materials planning, kanban, and just-in-time principles.

IRGN 239. International Manufacturing Strategy: Selected Topics (4)
This course covers selected issues emerging from the recent trends in globalization of firms' manufacturing activities. Topics include globalization of the manufacturing base, international comparison of manufacturing management, and the role of manufacturing in the global competition. Prerequisite: IRGN 238 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 240. Applied Data Analysis and Statistical Decision Making (4)
The goal of the course is to teach how to evaluate quantitative information in business and economics contexts and to make sound managerial decisions in complex situations. Much of the problems and the course work will involve statistical software and spreadsheet analysis of data. The course covers various applied multivariate statistical methods beyond basics.

IRGN 241. Seminar in Advanced Topics in Production and Operations Management (4)
Studies of advanced analytical techniques in operations management. Emphasis is on the application of various analytical methods to operational problems. Students are encouraged to carry out a research project for the actual application of these techniques. Prerequisite: IRGN 238 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 242. Economics of Telecommunications (4)
This course will focus on the underlying economics of the telecommunications and public rationale of regulations applied to this industry. Both theoretical models and case studies will be used to provide better understanding of the telecommunications marketplace and the nature of competition between service providers in the industry. Prerequisite: IRGN 221 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 243. International Economics (4)
The theory and mechanics of international economics. Inclu-ded will be such topics as real trade theory, international movements of capital, the effects of trade and capital flows on domestic economies, and policies toward trade and foreign investment.

IRGN 244. Product Design and Process Development (4)
Engineering management, emphasizing creation and improvement of products and processes. Cases, lectures, and team exercises set in various industries, including software. Prerequisites: IRGN 238 or consent of instructor plus experience in manufacturing, engineering, or software.

IRGN 245. Entrepreneurship (4)
Student teams (3–5) are admitted to the course on the basis of a pro forma business plan. While teams perfect their plans, class discussions cover aspects of creating and planning new businesses, culminating in presentations of their final plans. Prerequisite: consent of instructor.

IRGN 248. Politics and Political Institutions in Southeast Asia (4)
This course examines key aspects of political life in one or two selected Southeast Asia countries, focusing on the interrelationship between political problems in these rapidly changing societies and their political institutions. The countries considered may vary from year to year. Prerequisite: IRGN 263 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 249. Making U.S. Foreign Policy (4)
Analysis of the interests, structure, and procedures of the main executive branch agencies involved in the formulation of foreign policy, and of the roles of Congress, the media, public opinion, and non-governmental actors. Case studies and "daily briefings" to prepare students to perform professionally in the foreign policy arena. Prerequisite: IRGN 210 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 250. The Politics of U.S.-Japan Economic Relations (4)
This course will analyze how the domestic politics of each country, their international negotiations, and their interaction concerning economic issues have affected the U.S.-Japan relationship. Both the politics of cooperation and integration, and trade friction and conflict will be addressed in part through study of specific cases.

IRGN 251. Economic Development (4)
This course examines comparative patterns of industrialization and agricultural modernization with a focus on certain common features of the modernization process and widely varying endowments, policies, and experiences of different countries.

IRGN 253. Sustainable Development (4)
The course will cover the concept of sustainable development, ways in which sustainable development can be measured, evaluation of environmental damages and benefits, and the role of discounting, and will analyze cases demonstrating failure of the market.

IRGN 254. International Relations Theory (4)
A survey of the principal theories and approaches to the study of international relations. Conjoined with Political Science 240.

IRGN 255. Globalization (4)
This seminar surveys ideas about economic globalization. Discussion focuses on production "chains,"—the division of products into components, and their distribution around the world.

IRGN 256. Program Design and Evaluation (4)
Introduction to elements of program design and evaluation. Examines principles and guidelines used in creating a program and evaluating its success or failure. International case studies are explored. Students have the opportunity to develop their own program and evaluation projects.

IRGN 257. Policy Analysis and the Environment (4)
Examination of public policy analysis, such as cost-benefit analysis and project evaluation, for use in policy formation. Sustainable development will receive particular attention. Case studies emphasizing the environment, agriculture and food, and economic development will be included.

IRGN 258. International Environmental Policy (4)
Review of environmental issues, including transboundary air and water pollution, acid rain, ozone depletion, species eradication, whaling, and climate change. Economic, political, and social consequences of international environmental disputes. Current approaches to environmental policy analysis.

IRGN 259. Conflict Resolution of Environmental Issues (4)
Use of bilateral negotiations (U.S.-Canada), regional organization (ECE and acid rain in Europe), and United Nations specialized agencies (UNEP and WMO on ozone depletion and climate change) to mediate environmental disputes. Consideration of nontraditional approaches resolving international environmental problems.

IRGN 260. Economic and Social Development of China (4)
This course examines China's development experience from a generally economic standpoint. Contents include: patterns of traditional Chinese society and economy; geography and resource constraints; impact of the West and Japan; development since 1949; and contemporary problems and options.

IRGN 261. Chinese Politics (4)
This course will analyze post-1949 Chinese politics, including political institutions, the policymaking process, and citizen political behavior. Special attention will be given to the prospects for political reform in China.

IRGN 262. Theories of the Politics and Process of Making Public Policy (4)
Introduction to research methods in comparative policy analysis and to the design of research proposals. Survey of major competing approaches in the field, with analysis of methods used. Special attention
to needs of Ph.D. students formulating dissertation proposals.

IRGN 263. Political Economy of Southeast Asia (4)
This course provides an introduction to five Southeast Asian countries: Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam. The focus will be on national level political and economic issues in these countries. In addition, a number of region-wide issues will also be examined such as: Chinese business groups and networks; clientelism and corruption; regional trade
and investment linkages; democratization; and the implications of political change for future economic development.

IRGN 267. Policymaking and Political Economy in Japan (4)
Examines the policymaking process in Japan, the interaction and role of state and non-state actors in shaping Japan's economy. Analysis and comparison, through case studies of industrial policies (toward high-tech and declining industries), and non-industrial policies and their consequences.

IRGN 268. Political Development and Modern China (4)
This course examines how political development has dominated the study of comparative politics among U.S. academicians since the revival of the Cold War in 1947. The central focus is on the Western philosophical roots of this paradigm in the context of the experience of modern China. Cojoined with Political Science 132C/232C.

IRGN 269. The Japanese Financial System (4)
This course studies the financial system in Japan and analyzes its role in the development of the Japanese economy. Topics will include keiretsu and the main bank system, internationalization and deregualtion of finance, the Bank of Japan and monetary policy. Prerequisites: IRGN 221 and 243.

IRGN 270. International Business Strategy (4)
This course analyzes corporate strategies and management issues in their international dimensions. Based on numerous case studies, the class examines the strategic opportunities and problems that emerge when companies transfer corporate skills and competence to other countries.

IRGN 271. Japanese Economy (4)
A broad survey of the Japanese economy, together with in-depth examination of some distinctively Japanese phenomena such as savings behavior, financial structure, industrial organization, and labor markets.

IRGN 272. Japanese Corporate Culture (4)
This course examines Japanese cultural values and social relations in the context of business organizations. The central focus will be on the integration of individuals into their organizations and on the human relations characteristic of their work environments.

IRGN 273. Current Issues in U.S.-Latin American Relations (4)
This course features active debate of such issues as the collective defense of democracy, coping with revolutionary change, counternarcotics, anti-corruption, international finance, trade, and U.S.-Mexican and U.S.-Brazilian relations. In each case, students analyze the strengths and weaknesses of current U.S. policy and advocate alternative options. Prerequisite: IRCO 410 or consent of instructor.

IRGN 274. Economic Policy in Latin America (4)
This course seeks to enhance the students' understanding of the main policy alternatives open to the largest Latin American countries. Development and stabilization policies are analyzed, emphasizing current debate between conventional and heterodox policy packages and their impact on decision making.

IRGN 277. Latin American Politics (4)
Introductory reading seminar on Latin American politics to acquaint students with leading schools of thought, provide critical perspective on premises and methodology, and identify themes for further inquiry. Themes include authoritarianism, revolution, democratization, regional conflict, and emergence of middle-level powers. Conjoined with Political Science 235A.

IRGN 278. Mexican Economic Policy (4)
This course offers an overview of economic policy in Mexico. It covers the shift from "stabilizing growth" in the 1950s and 1960s to crisis in the 1970s and 1980s and current reforms. International interactions and current developments are stressed.

IRGN 279. Doing Business in Latin America (4)
This course will explore the realities of conducting business in Latin America. The focus will be on discussing a variety of cases, mainly in four countries—Mexico, Brazil, Argentina and Chile—covering strategic, operational, organizational, and cross-cultural issues. Course format will consist of case studies and will include the development and presentation of a business plan.

IRGN 280A-B-C. Graduate Policy Seminar: Comparative Analysis of Political Decision Making (4-4-4)
Three quarter sequence requirement for all doctoral candidates. This course aims to develop theoretical approaches to the study of policymaking in the countries of the Pacific region, including China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Latin America, and Canada. The focus is on political institutions and how they structure collective choice and incentives for individual behavior. Participants will research case studies of policymaking and present their findings to the class. As a group, they will also contribute to the process of generating theories about the consequences of different institutional arrangements for policy outcomes.

IRGN 282. East Asian NICS (4)
Forces explaining the success of four economies in East Asia (South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore), and two natural resource-rich states (Malaysia, Thailand) will be addressed. Theoretical models, implementation of development policies/strategies, and sociopolitical causes and consequences of development will be discussed.

IRGN 284. Korean Politics and Society (4)
This course will examine characteristics and distinctive aspects of contemporary Korean society and politics. Emphasis will be placed on continuity and change in social values, political culture and leadership, economic growth and its impact, and democratization and its future prospects.

IRGN 285. The Political Economy of South Korea (4)
Analytical review of South Korea's economic performance. Examination of major policy changes (e.g., shifts toward export promotion, heavy and chemical industrial promotion); Korea's industrial structure including the role of large enterprise (chaebol); role of government; links between Korea and other countries.

IRGN 287. Politics and Institutions in Latin America (4)
Overview of Latin American politics and the "rules of the game," both formal and informal. Key topics include military rule, presidentialism, and clientelism in the region as a whole, with special emphasis on Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico.

IRGN 290. Special Topics in Pacific International Affairs (4)
A seminar course at an advanced level on a special topic in Pacific international affairs. May be repeated for credit.

IRGN 298. Directed Group Study (2-12)
Directed reading in a selected area. The content of each course is to be decided by the professor directing the course, with the approval of the student's faculty adviser. May be repeated for credit.

IRGN 299. Independent Research (2-12)
Independent research under the guidance of a faculty member at IR/PS. May be repeated for credit.


 
Copyright 2001, The Regents of the University of California. Last modified July 13, 2001.
Reflects information in the printed 2001-2002 General Catalog. Contact individual departments for the very latest information.