1. Two quarters of physical chemistry (Chem. 126-127 recommended; 131-133 acceptable).
2. Three quarters of organic chemistry (Chem. 140A-C or 141A-C).
3. Three quarters of biochemistry (Chem. 114A-B-C).
4. Three laboratory courses (Chem. 143AM or 143A, 143B and either 112A, 112B or 143C).
5. One quarter of pharmacology and toxicology (Chem. 118).
6. One chemistry elective course.
7. If ACS certification is desired, Chem. 120A, plus two additional laboratory courses, are required. Any of these courses would satisfy #6. above.

Suggested Program for Pharmacological Chemistry B.S. Major:

FALL            WINTER           SPRING______  
FRESHMAN YEAR  
Chem. 6A        Chem. 6B         Chem. 6C 
Math. 20A       Math. 20B        Math. 20C 
                Biol. BILD 1     Chem. 6BL 
                                 Chem. 92____ 
SOPHOMORE YEAR 
Chem. 140A      Chem. 140B       Chem. 140C 
Chem. 6CL       Chem. 143AM      Chem. 143B 
Math. 21D       Phys. 2A         Phys. 2B____
JUNIOR YEAR  
Chem. 114A      Chem. 114B       Chem. 114C 
Phys. 2D        Econ. 1A/1B      Biol. BILD 3 
Chem. 143C      Biol. BILD 2     Phys. 2CL___ 
SENIOR YEAR 
Chem 120A/elec  Bio. lab*        Chem. 118 
Chem. 126       Chem. 127____________________

*Bio. BICD 101, 111, 131, or BIPN 105.

Honors Program

The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry offers an Honors Program to those students who have demonstrated excellence in any of the seven majors. Students are eligible for Departmental Honors at graduation when they have:

1. Achieved a GPA of 3.2 overall and 3.4 in chemistry courses.
2. Completed a minimum of eight units of Chem. 199, distributed over at least two quarters. A student who registers for 199 and subsequently fails to complete the Honors Program may apply up to four units to any major that normally allows 199 as elective credit.
3. Submitted a final honors research report to three UCSD faculty members, including their research adviser, for approval.
4. Presented an oral report about their research before a group of at least three faculty. This can be at an undergradute research conference or at a seminar involving honors students and faculty.

Students who are interested in the Honors Program should contact the Undergraduate Coordinator in 4010 York Hall, and are invited to do so at any time.

Education Abroad

Majors are encouraged to explore the programs that allow students to study abroad or at other U.S. universities for a term or longer. See an adviser for details.

Minor Programs in Chemistry

A typical minor in chemistry consists of three lower-division lecture courses and at least one laboratory course, followed by a minimum of five upper-division courses, including at least one laboratory course, focused in physical, inorganic, organic, environmental chemistry, or biochemistry. Upper-division courses required by a student's major may not be applied toward a minor. Upper-division courses for the minor must be taken at UCSD and must be taken for a letter grade. The minimum GPA requirement for the minor is a 2.0.

Contiguous Bachelor's/Master's Degree Program

The department offers a contiguous bachelor's/master's degree program. It is limited to students with a bachelor's degree from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at UCSD. A minimum undergraduate GPA of 3.0 is required for admission. Contact the Student Affairs Office in 4010 York Hall for more information.

The Graduate Program

Graduate students are accepted to the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry for study toward the Ph.D. in chemistry and the Ph.D. in chemistry with specialization in bioinformatics. Students interested in the bioinformatics specialization should contact the Graduate Student Affairs Office for more information.

The goal of the Ph.D. in chemistry is to prepare students for careers in science by expanding their knowledge of chemistry while developing their ability for critical analysis, creativity, and independent study. The program is designed to encourage initiative and to stimulate enjoyment and development of the student's area of research expertise as well as the broader aspects of scientific inquiry and enlightenment.

Research

Students choose their research concentration from programs in biochemistry, biophysics, bioinformatics, inorganic, organic, physical and theoretical chemistry, surface and materials chemistry, and atmospheric and environmental chemistry. Opportunities for scientific discovery are also abundant through the department's extensive collaborations with investigators in the physical, biological, and engineering sciences. This includes on-campus collaborations with faculty in the Material Science Program, School of Medicine, and Scripps Institution of Oceanography. There are also off-campus interactions with scientists at nearby research facilities such as the Salk Institute and The Scripps Research Institute. Excellent state-of-the-art facilities and equipment support all the research programs. The department's Industrial Relations Program interfaces with national and local chemical, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical industries to encourage technology transfer and to assist postgraduates interested in industrial careers.

Research Adviser

A first-year adviser guides students until a research adviser is chosen. Most of a student's efforts in graduate school are directed toward research for the doctoral dissertation, and selection of a research adviser is of utmost importance. To assist students with this critical decision, all chemistry and biochemistry faculty present research seminars in the fall quarter. Inorganic, organic, and physical chemistry students then consult with faculty to discuss research opportunities. Biochemistry students do research rotations with various faculty members. Although students have until the end of the first year to join a laboratory, most start their research studies by mid-year.

Requirements for the Ph.D.

Placement Examinations and Course Work

Entering students take written placement examinations in biochemistry, inorganic, organic, and physical chemistry. The purposes of these exams are to assist with advising and to assure that students have the breadth and level of competence needed for graduate studies. Deficiencies must be remedied in the first year. Three of four exams must be passed, including the one in the student's research area.

First-year students normally take at least six of the graduate courses listed below based on the results of their placement examinations, their research programs, and their specialized interests. Chem. 250 is required. Undergraduate courses and courses offered through other departments may also be taken, depending on the student's research area. By the second year, the emphasis is on thesis research, and a lighter load of courses is taken, although participation in seminars and informal study groups continues.

Departmental Examination

In the winter quarter of the second year, a student's progress in research and graduate studies is evaluated through the departmental examination, which includes presentation and critical discussion of a recent research article. Students are also evaluated on their general knowledge of their particular field of study. Students may also be asked about progress on their dissertation.

Qualifying Examination

By the end of the third year, students defend the topic, preliminary findings, and future research plans of their dissertation. Passing this defense qualifies the student to advance to candidacy for the dissertation. A dissertation committee composed of five faculty, one of whom is the research adviser, provides consultation and evaluation for the dissertation project.

Dissertation

The dissertation is normally completed in the fourth or fifth year. This body of research is expected to make an innovative contribution to the field of chemistry. Ph.D. candidates present a seminar summarizing their research accomplishments and defend their thesis in an oral examination before their dissertation committee.

Teaching

Experience in teaching is a vital and integral part of every graduate student's training, and all students participate in the instructional activities of the undergraduate curriculum. Course credit for the teaching apprenticeship is earned by enrolling in Chem. 500. Excellence in teaching is stressed, and the department provides a thorough training program covering the fundamentals of teaching as well as other useful information and techniques for effective instruction. Further training is provided by the campus's Center for Teaching Development. Faculty and the students taught evaluate the performance of teaching assistants every quarter and awards are bestowed annually for outstanding performance as a teaching assistant.

Language Requirement

Students whose native language is not English must demonstrate a mastery of English adequate to complete the teaching requirement. Deficien-cies must be remedied by the end of the first year of academic residency. For native English speakers, there is no foreign-language requirement.

Time Limits

In accordance with UCSD policy, students must advance to candidacy by the end of four years. Total university support cannot exceed six and one-third years. Total registered time at UCSD cannot exceed seven and one-third years.

Seminars

Seminars by researchers from other universities, national laboratories, and industry are another basic and important aspect of the graduate curriculum. Seminars are presented weekly in biochemistry, inorganic, organic, and physical chemistry. Department colloquia are given on topics of general interest to the department. Seminars are also sponsored by many other departments and institutes.

Financial Support

The department supports all first-year students in good academic standing from a variety of sources, including teaching and research assistantships, training grants, fellowships, and awards. A stipend is paid in addition to fees and, if applicable, tuition. Continuing students who do not have fellowships or awards are normally supported as research assistants by their thesis adviser.

Admissions

The department seeks bright, motivated students and welcomes all such applications. To make admissions decisions, the department considers an applicant's statement of purpose and research interests, GRE scores on the general test plus either the advanced chemistry or advanced biochemistry test, undergraduate record, quality of the undergraduate university, letters of recommendation, and research experience and publications. Applicants whose native language is not English must also submit TOEFL scores. Admis-sions to the graduate program is for fall quarter. Applications received by January 15 receive priority consideration.

Students who have a master's degree with strong course records and with research experience are encouraged to apply. They normally pass the Qualifying Examination and graduate at an accelerated pace.

Joint Doctoral Program with San Diego State University

The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at UCSD and the Department of Chemistry at San Diego State University offer a joint program of graduate study leading to the Ph.D. degree in chemistry. More information is available in the current edition of the Bulletin of the Graduate Division of San Diego State University.

Courses

Lower-Division

4. Basic Chemistry (4)
Chemistry 4 is a one-quarter course for science majors with insufficient preparation to start the Chem. 6 sequence. Emphasis is on learning how to solve quantitative problems. Topics include nomenclature, stoichiometry, and the periodic table. Cannot be taken for credit after any other chemistry course. Includes a combined laboratory and discussion-recitation each week. Prerequisite: Math. 4C. A materials fee is required for this course. Cannot be taken for credit after any other chemistry course. (F)

6A. General Chemistry (4)
First quarter of a three-quarter sequence intended for science and engineering majors. Topics include: stoichiometry, gas laws, bonding, atomic theory, quantum theory, and thermochemistry. Three hours' lecture, one hour recitation. Prerequisites: proficiency in high school chemistry or physics. Math 10A (may be taken concurrently). (F,W,S)

6AH. Honors General Chemistry (4)
First quarter of a three-quarter honors sequence intended for well-prepared science and engineering majors. Topics include: stoichiometry, gas laws, bonding, atomic theory, quantum theory, and thermochemistry. Three hours lecture, one hour recitation. Prerequisites: proficiency in high school chemistry, physics and mathematics. Concurrent enrollment in Math. 20A or higher level calculus required. (F)

6B. General Chemistry (4)
Second quarter of a three-quarter sequence intended for science and engineering majors. Topics include: molecular geometry, condensed phases and solutions, chemical equilibrium, acids and bases and thermodynamics. Three hours' lecture, one hour recitation. Prerequisites: Chem. 6A; Math. 20A or 10A. (F,W,S)

6BH. Honors General Chemistry (4)
Second quarter of a three-quarter honors sequence intended for well-prepared science and engineering majors. Topics include: molecular geometry, condensed phases and solutions, chemical equilibrium, acids and bases and thermodynamics. Three hours lecture, one hour recitation. Prerequisites: Chem. 6AH; Math. 20A. (W)

6BL. Introductory Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory (3)
Introduction to experimental procedures used in synthetic, analytical, and physical chemistry. Prerequisite: Chem. 6A. If 6BL is a requirement for your major, it should be taken concurrently with 6B, or 6C. A materials fee is required for this course. (F,W,S)

6C. General Chemistry (4)
Third quarter of a three-quarter sequence intended for science and engineering majors. Topics include: electrochemistry, kinetics, coordination chemistry, nuclear chemistry, and an introduction to organic and biochemistry. Three hours' lecture, one hour recitation. Prerequisite: Chem. 6B; Chem. 6BL may be taken concurrently. (F,W,S)

6CH. Honors General Chemistry (4)
Third quarter of a three-quarter honors sequence intended for well-prepared science and engineering majors. Topics include: electrochemistry, kinetics, coordination chemistry, nuclear chemistry, and an introduction to organic and biochemistry. Three hours lecture, one hour recitation. Prerequisites: Chem. 6BH; Math. 20B. Chem. 6BL may be taken concurrently. (S)

6CL. Introductory Analytical Chemistry (4)
A laboratory course with emphasis on safe, accurate, and precise experimental techniques in chemistry, including quantitative analysis and instrumental methods, usually taken concurrently with Chem. 6C, but required for only certain majors. Prerequisite: Chem. 6BL. A materials fee is required for this course. (F,W,S)

11. The Periodic Table (4)
Introduction to the material world of atoms and small inorganic molecules. Intended for nonscience majors. Can be skipped by students with good knowledge of high school chemistry. Cannot be taken for credit after any other general chemistry course. (F)

12. Molecules and Reactions (4)
Introduction to molecular bonding and structure and chemical reactions, including organic molecules and synthetic polymers. Intended for nonscience majors. Prerequisite: Chem. 11 or good knowledge of high school chemistry. Cannot be taken for credit after any organic chemistry course. (W)

13. Chemistry of Life (4)
Introduction to biochemistry for nonscience majors. Prerequisite: Chem. 12. Cannot be taken for credit after any biochemistry course. (S)

15. Chemistry of the Universe (4)
This is a one-quarter, nonmathematical chemistry course for nonscience majors covering the origin of the universe, the elements, and the formation of the solar system. The evolution of the Earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere will be covered, as well as contemporary problems in environmental chemistry. Cannot be taken for credit after any other chemistry course.

90. Undergraduate Seminar (1)
The seminar will focus on a variety of issues and special areas in the field of chemistry.

91. Undergraduate Honors Seminar (1)
A seminar intended for exposing undergraduate students, especially freshmen and sophomores, to exciting research programs conducted by the faculty. Enrollment is limited.

92. Undergraduate Pharmacology Seminar (1)
Selected topics in pharmacology and toxicology.

Upper-Division

105A. Physical Chemistry Laboratory (5)
Laboratory course in experimental physical chemistry. Prerequisites: Chem. 6CL and Phys. 2CL or equivalent, Chem. 131 or 133 or 126 or 127. A materials fee is required for this course. (F,W,S)

105B. Physical Chemistry Laboratory (4)
Laboratory course in experimental physical chemistry. Prerequisites: Chem. 105A and 133. A materials fee is required for this course. (F,W,S)

106. Instrumental Analysis Laboratory (4)
Instrumental methods for analytical chemistry emphasizing physical principles underlying both the instruments and the analytical methods. Prerequisite: Chem. 105A. A materials fee is required for this course. (W)

107. Synthetic Macromolecules (4)
The organic and physical chemistry of high polymers with emphasis on synthesis, structure, characterization, and properties. Polymers as materials are important as films, fibers, and elastomers. They play an ever-increasing role in science, technology, and medicine. Prerequisites: Chem. 126 or 131 and 140B or 141B. (May not be offered every year.)

110. Biotechnology and Drug Discovery (2)
This seminar course will explore how the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry utilizes chemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology to discover and develop today's pharmaceutical agents (drugs): process of lead discovery, development, animal toxicity, clinical trials, manufacturing, quality assurance, regulatory affairs, etc. Guest lecturers will be from the local biotechnology industry. Prerequisites: biochemistry background preferred. (S)

112A. Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory (6)
The application of techniques, including electrophoresis, peptide mapping and sequencing, affinity chromatography, amino acid analysis, gas-liquid chromatography, and enzyme functions and the chemistry of lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Prerequisites: Chem. 140A-B-C or 141A-B-C, 143A-B, 114A-B. (Some of these courses may be taken concurrently.) (Note: Students may not receive credit for both Chem. 112A and BIBC 103.) A materials fee is required for this course. (W)

112B. Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory (6)
This laboratory will introduce the students to the tools of molecular biology and will involve experiments with recombinant DNA techniques. Prerequisites: Chem. 114A-B, Chem. 114C (may be taken concurrently); Chem. 143A and 143B. (Note: Students may not receive credit for both Chem. 112B and BIMM 101.) A materials fee is required for this course. (S)

113. Chemistry of Biological Macromolecules (4)
A discussion of the structural principles governing biological macromolecules, the techniques used in their study, and how their functional properties depend on three-dimensional structure. Prerequisites: elementary organic and physical chemistry. (May not be offered every year.)

114A. Biochemical Structure and Function (4)
Introduction to biochemistry from a structural and functional viewpoint. Prerequisite: elementary organic chemistry strongly recommended (Chem. 141A or 140A). (Note: Students may not receive credit for both Chem. 114A and BIBC 100.) (F)

114B. Biochemical Energetics and Metabolism (4)
This course is an introduction to the metabolic reactions in the cell which produce and utilize energy. The course material will include energy-producing pathways: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty-acid oxidation. Biosynthesis–amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, purines, pyrimidines, proteins, nucleic acids. Prerequisite: Chem. 114A. (Note: Students may not receive credit for both Chem. 114B and BIBC 102) (W)

114C. Biosynthesis of Macromolecules (4)
This course is a continuation of the introduction to biochemistry courses (114A and 114B). This quarter reviews the mechanisms of biosynthesis of macromolecules–particularly proteins and nucleic acids. Emphasis will be placed on how these processes are controlled and integrated with the metabolism of the cell. Prerequisite: Chem. 114B. (Note: Students may not receive credit for both Chem. 114C and BIMM 100.) (S)

114D. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (4)
This course represents a continuation of 114C, or an introductory course for first- and second-year graduate students, and covers topics in molecular and cellular biochemistry. Emphasis will be placed on contemporary approaches to the isolation and characterization of mammalian genes and proteins, and molecular genetic approaches to understanding eukaryotic development and human disease. Prerequisite: Chem. 114A-C or consent of instructor. (May not be offered every year.)

115. Modeling Biological Macromolecules (4)
Use of computer graphics and modeling methods in the study of biological macromolecules. The course will cover basic methods and techniques. The objective is to provide a good working knowledge of the critical features of the methods and to provide a foundation for further study for those who wish to pursue these methods as research topics. Prerequisite: Chem. 114A or equivalent. (May not be offered every year.)

116. Chemistry of Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions (4)
A discussion of the chemistry of representative enzyme catalyzed reactions is presented. Enzyme reaction mechanisms and their relation to enzyme structure are emphasized. Prerequisites: elementary physical chemistry, organic chemistry, and biochemistry. (May not be offered every year.)

117. Biochemistry of Human Disease (4)
An advanced course in biochemistry which will deal primarily with the molecular basis of human disorders. Prerequisite: elementary biochemistry. (May not be offered every year.)

118. Pharmacology and Toxicology (4)
A survey of the biochemical action of drugs and toxins as well as their absorption and excretion. Prerequisites: Chem. 141A-B-C (or Chem. 140ABC), Chem. 114A-B-C and admission to Pharmacological Chemistry major, or consent of instructor.

120A. Inorganic Chemistry (4)
The chemistry of the main group elements is presented in terms of atomic structure, ionic and covalent bonding. Structural theory involving s, p, and unfilled d orbitals is described. Thermodynamic and spectroscopic criteria for structure and stability of compounds are presented and chemical reactions of main group elements discussed in terms of molecular structure and reactivity. Prerequisites: a general chemistry course. Chem. 140A or 141A or equivalent course is recommended. (F)

120B. Inorganic Chemistry (4)
A continuation of the discussion of structure, bonding, and reactivity with emphasis on transition metals and other elements using filled d orbitals to form bonds. Coordination chemistry is discussed in terms of valence bond, crystal field, and molecular orbital theory. The properties and reactivities of transition metal complexes including organometallic compounds are discussed. Prerequisite: Chem. 120A. (W)

122. Biochemical Evolution (4)
This course emphasizes the chemical aspects of evolution, including the origin of living systems on earth, primitive energy acquisition devices, the coupling of information storage and replication catalysis, protein evolution, and the biochemical unity and diversity of extant organisms. Prerequisites: organic chemistry and introductory biochemistry. (May not be offered every year.)

123. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory (4)
Synthesis, analysis, and physical characterization of inorganic chemical compounds. Prerequisite: Chem. 120A, 120B, 143A, and 143B. A materials fee is required for this course.

124. Bioinorganic Chemistry (4)
The role of metal ions in biological systems, with emphasis on transition metal ions in enzymes that transfer electrons, bind oxygen, and fix nitrogen. Also included are metal complexes in medicine, toxicity, and metal ion storage and transport. Prerequisites: Chem. 6A-B-C, 114A; or equivalent. (May not be offered every year.)

126. Physical Chemistry (4)
An introduction to physical chemistry with emphasis on biochemical and environmental applications. Quantum mechanics, atomic and molecular structure, spectroscopy. Prerequisites: Chem. 6C, Math. 20D, and Phys. 2D; or consent of instructor. (F)

127. Physical Chemistry (4)
An introduction to physical chemistry with emphasis on biochemical and environmental applications. Thermodynamics, first and second laws, thermochemistry, chemical equilibrium, solutions, kinetic theory, reaction kinetics. Prerequisite: Chem. 126 or consent of instructor. (W)

128. Physical Chemistry–Applied Spectroscopy (4)
The electromagnetic spectrum: rotational, vibrational, and electronic spectra, nuclear and electron magnetic resonance. X-ray diffraction. Prerequisites: Chem. 6C, Math. 20C and 20D, Chem. 127 or 132, or consent of instructor. (S)

131. Physical Chemistry (4)
Thermodynamics, chemical equilibrium, phase equilibrium, chemistry of solutions. Prerequisites: Chem. 6C, Math. 20AB and Math. 20C or 21C and Phys. 2AB. Recommended: Math. 20D or 21D and Phys. 2D (may be taken concurrently); or consent of instructor. (F)

132. Physical Chemistry (4)
Chemical statistics, kinetic theory, reaction kinetics. Prerequisites: Chem. 131, Math. 20D or 21D; or consent of instructor. Recommended: Phys. 2D. (W)

133. Physical Chemistry (4)
Quantum mechanics, atomic and molecular spectroscopy, molecular structure. Prerequisites: Chem. 132 and Phys. 2D; or Chem. 6C, Math. 20D or 21D and Math. 20F, and Phys. 2AB; or consent of instructor. (S)

134. Computer Programming in Chemistry (4)
Use of computer programming in the analysis and presentation of chemical data (statistical analysis, least squares fitting procedures, titration curve interpretation, analysis of radioactive decay series, chemical kinetics, organic synthesis, etc.) Prerequisites: Math. 20A and 20B or equivalent. (Note: Students may not receive credit for both Chem. 134 and BIBC 115.) (May not be offered every year.)

135. Molecular Spectroscopy (4)
Time-dependent behavior of systems; interaction of matter with light; selection rule. Radiative and nonradiative processes, coherent phenomena, and the density matrices. Instrumentation, measurement, and interpretation. Prerequisites: Chem. 133 or equivalent; Math. 20D or Chem. 190/290. (May not be offered every year.)

140A. Organic Chemistry (4)
An introduction to organic chemistry, with emphasis on material fundamental to biochemistry. Topics include bonding theory, isomerism, stereochemistry, chemical and physical properties, and an introduction to substitution, addition, and elimination reactions. Prerequisite: Chem. 6C or equivalent course in general chemistry. (Note: Students may not receive credit for both 140A and 141A.) (F,W,S)

140B. Organic Chemistry (4)
A continuation of 140A; acid/base reactions, chemistry of the carbonyl group, sugars, peptides, nucleic acids and other natural products. Prerequisite: Chem. 140A (a grade of C or higher in Chem. 140A is strongly recommended). (Note: Students may not receive credit for both 140B and 141B.) (F,W,S)

140C. Organic Chemistry (4)
A continuation of Chemistry 140A-B. Organic chemistry of biologically important molecules: carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, biopolymers, natural products, drugs; models for enzymatic reactions, synthetic methods, and methods of analysis. Prerequisite: Chem. 140B. (Note: Students may not receive credit for both 140C and 141C.) (F,W,S)

141A. Organic Chemistry (4)
Chem. 141A introduces theoretical and experimental studies of structure and properties of covalent molecules. Both resonance and simple molecular orbital descriptions of organic compounds are introduced and spectroscopic methods for determining electronic and molecular structure are discussed. Organic reactions are introduced with synthetic and mechanistic examples. Prerequisites: Chem. 6C (6C may be taken concurrently by good students). Prior or concurrent physics recommended. (Note: Students may not receive credit for both Chem. 141A and Chem. 140A.) (F)

141B. Organic Chemistry (4)
A continuation of 141A, this course applies the structure-reactivity, spectroscopy, and electronic theories introduced in 141A to organic reactions. Prerequisite: Chem. 141A. (Note: Students may not receive credit for both Chem. 141B and Chem. 140B.) (W)

141C. Organic Chemistry (4)
A continuation of 141A-B, this course treats selected topics such as carbon-metal bonds, organometallic chemistry, electrophilic reactions, free radical reactions, alkane chemistry, polymerization, molecular orbital theory and electrocyclic reactions, photochemistry, unstable intermediates such as carbenes, benzyne, etc., and metal oxidation reactions, and an introduction to carbohydrate and protein chemistry. Prerequisite: Chem. 141B. (Note: Students may not receive credit for both Chem. 141C and Chem. 140C.) (S)

142. Natural Products Chemistry (4)
An outline of the chemistry of terpenes, steroids, alkaloids, and plant phenols developed on the basis of modern biogenetic theory. Special emphasis will be given to biologically active substances such as hormones and antibiotics. Prerequisites: Chem. 140A-B-C, or 141A-B-C. (May not be offered every year.)

143A. Organic Chemistry Laboratory (4)
Introduction to laboratory techniques needed in organic chemistry. Stresses physical methods including separation and purification, spectroscopy, product analysis and effects of reaction conditions. Prerequisites: Chem. 6BL, Chem. 141A or Chem. 140A. (Note: Students may not receive credit for both Chem.143A and Chem. 143AM.) A materials fee is required for this course. (F,W,S)

143AM. Majors Organic Chemistry Laboratory (4)
An organic chemistry laboratory intended for chemistry majors only. It is similar to Chem. 143A, but with emphasis on instrumental methods of product identification, separation, and analysis. Prerequisites: Chem. 6BL; Chem. 141A. (Note: Students may not receive credit for both Chem. 143AM and Chem. 143A.) A materials fee is required for this course. (W)

143B. Organic Chemistry Laboratory (4)
Continuation of 143AM or 143A, emphasizing synthetic methods of organic chemistry for chemistry majors only. Prerequisites: Chem. 143A; 141B or 140B (may be taken concurrently). A materials fee is required for this course. (W,S)

143C. Organic Laboratory (5)
Identification of unknown organic compounds by a combination of chemical and physical techniques for chemistry majors only. Prerequisites: Chem. 6CL, 143A, 141C (may be taken concurrently); 143B suggested. A materials fee is required for this course. (F)

144. Synthesis of Complex Molecules (4)
This course discusses planning economic routes for the synthesis of complex organic molecules. The uses of specific reagents and protecting groups will be outlined as well as the control of stereochemistry during a synthesis. Examples will be selected from the recent literature. Prerequisites: Chem. 148 or 248. (May not be offered every year.)

145. Structure and Properties of Organic Molecules (4)
Introduction to the measurement and theoretical correlation of the physical properties of organic molecules. Topics covered include molecular geometry, molecular-orbital theory, orbital hybridization, aromaticity, chemical reactivity, stereochemistry, infrared and electronic spectra, photochemistry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Prerequisites: Chem. 140ABC or 141ABC or the equivalent.

147. Mechanisms of Organic Reactions (4)
A qualitative approach to the mechanisms of various organic reactions; substitutions, additions, eliminations, condensations, rearrangements, oxidations, reductions, free-radical reactions, and photochemistry. Includes considerations of molecular structure and reactivity, synthetic methods, spectroscopic tools, and stereochemistry. The topics emphasized will vary from year to year. This is the first quarter of the advanced organic chemistry sequence. Prerequisite: Chem. 140C or 141C. (May not be offered every year.)

148. Synthetic Methods in Organic Chemistry (4)
A survey of reactions of particular utility in the organic laboratory. Emphasis is on methods of preparation of carbon-carbon bonds and oxidation reduction sequences. Prerequisite: Chem. 140C or 141C or consent of instructor. (May not be offered every year.)

149A. Environmental Chemistry (4)
The chemical basis of air and water pollution, chlorofluorocarbons and the ozone hole, the environmental impact of radioactive waste disposal, mineral resource usage, and nuclear energy. Prerequisites: Chem. 6A-B-C. (F)

149B. Environmental Chemistry (4)
Agricultural productivity, biological impact on the environment, deforestation, environmental disasters (fires, nuclear winter, and volcanoes), and organic waste handling. Prerequisite: Chem. 149A. (W)

153. Topics in Biophysics/Photobiology (4)
Basic principles of photobiology and photochemistry. Photochemical mechanisms in photosynthesis. Photoreceptor pigment systems and photobiological control mechanisms in living organisms. Prerequisite: upper-division standing in biology, chemistry, or physics, or consent of the instructor. (Same as BIBC 153, Phys. 153.)

167. Biochemistry of Lipid Diseases (4)
The central theme of this course will be to develop a broad understanding of the basic biochemical aspects of lipid metabolism, the regulation of lipid metabolism and application to the treatment of specific human diseases. Prerequisite: biochemistry. (May not be offered every year.)

170. Cosmochemistry (4)
Composition of stars, of planets, of meteorites, and the earth and moon. Nuclear stability rules and isotopic composition of the elements. Chemical properties of solar matter. Origin of the elements and of the solar system Prerequisite: general chemistry sequence.

171. Nuclear and Radiochemistry (4)
Radioactive decay, stability systematics, neutron activation, nuclear reactions. Szilard-Chalmers reactions, hot-atom chemistry, radiation chemistry, effects of ionizing radiation. Prerequisite: general chemistry sequence.

173. Atmospheric Chemistry (4)
Chemical principles applied to the study of atmospheres. Atmospheric photochemistry, radical reactions, chemical lifetime determinations, acid rain, greenhouse effects, ozone cycle, and evolution are discussed. Prerequisites: Chem. 6A-6C. (S)

185. Introduction to Computational Chemistry (4)
This course in computational methods builds on a background in mathematics and physical chemistry. After a brief introduction and background in computational theory, topics will include molecular mechanics, semi-empirical methods, and ab initio-based methods of increasing elaboration. Emphasis will be on applications and reliability. Prerequisites: Chem. 126 or 133 and Math. 20C. (May not be offered every year.)

190. Mathematical Methods of Chemistry (4)
Applied mathematics useful for kinetics, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics. Topics include ordinary and partial differential equations, special functions, probability and statistics, vector functions and operators, linear algebra, and group theory. Prerequisites: general chemistry, one year of calculus. (May not be offered every year.)

195. Methods of Teaching Chemistry (4)
An introduction to teaching chemistry. Students are required to attend a weekly class on methods of teaching chemistry, and will teach a discussion section of one of the lower-division chemistry courses. Attendance at lecture of the lower-division course in which the student is participating is required. (P/NP grades only.) Prerequisite: consent of instructor. (F,W,S)

196. Reading and Research in Chemical Education (2 or 4)
Independent literature or classroom research by arrangement with, and under the direction of, a member of the Deparment of Chemistry faculty. Students must register on a P/NP basis. Prerequisites: upper-division standing, 2.5 minimum GPA, consent of instructor and department.

199. Reading and Research (2 or 4)
Independent literature or laboratory research by arrangement with, and under the direction of, a member of the Department of Chemistry faculty. Students must register on a P/NP basis. Prerequisites: upper-division standing, 2.5 minimum GPA, consent of instructor and department. (F,W,S)

Graduate

206. Topics in Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry (4)
Selection of topics of current interest. Examples: primary processes of photosynthesis; membrane biophysics; applications of physical methods to problems in biology and chemistry, e.g., magnetic resonance, x-ray diffraction, fluctuation spectroscopy, optical techniques (fluorescence, optical rotary dispersion, circular dichroism). Topics may vary from year to year. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. (W)

207. Modern NMR Methods (4)
Treats varied pulse sequences, one- and two-dimensional methods, interpretation of relaxation rates, spin-decoupling, multiple quantum filtering, and solvent suppression with application to liquid crystals, membranes, small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids. (May not be offered every year.)

208. Modern Methods in Protein NMR (4)
This course covers modern methods in protein NMR including multinuclear, multidimensional (2-, 3-, and 4D) and gradient enhanced spectroscopy. Experiments covered include, but are not limited to, 1H-15N HSQC, 15N edited Tocsy and Noesy, HDDH-Tocsy and 1H-15N-13C correlated experiments. Students will be able to write complete pulse sequences from the primary literature for implementation on a Bruker spectrometer by the end of the quarter. Prerequisite: Chem. 207. (May not be offered every year.) (S)

210. Biotechnology and Drug Discovery (2)
This seminar course will explore how the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry utilizes chemistry, biochemistry, and molecular biology to discover and develop today's pharmaceutical agents (drugs): process of lead discovery, development, animal toxicity, clinical trials, manufacturing, quality assurance, regulatory affairs, etc. Guest lecturers will be from the local biotechnology industry. Prerequisite: biochemistry background preferred. (S)

211. Metabolic Biochemistry (4)
A comprehensive course in biochemistry emphasizing metabolic and human biochemistry. Prerequisites: physical and organic chemistry; graduate-student standing. (F)

212. Biochemistry of Growth Regulation and Oncogenesis (4)
An introduction to the biochemistry of growth regulation and oncogenesis. Topics include: tryosine protein kinases; growth factor receptors; control of cell proliferation; transformation by papovaviruses and retroviruses. Designed for graduate students, but suitable for undergraduates with consent of instructor. Prerequisite: biochemistry, molecular biology, or equivalent. (May not be offered every year.)

213. Chemistry of Macromolecules (4)
A discussion of the structural principles governing biological macromolecules, the techniques used in their study, and how their functional properties depend on three-dimensional structure. Prerequisites: elementary physical and organic chemistry. (May not be offered every year.)

214. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (4)
This course represents a continuation of 114C, or an introductory course for first- and second-year graduate students, and covers topics in molecular and cellular biochemistry. Emphasis will be placed on contemporary approaches to the isolation and characterization of mammalian genes and proteins, and molecular genetic approaches to understanding eukaryotic development and human disease. Prerequisite: Chem. 114A-C or consent of instructor. (May not be offered every year.)

215. Modeling Biological Macromolecules (4)
Use of computer graphics and modeling methods in the study of biological macromolecules. The course will cover basic methods and techniques. The objective is to provide a good working knowledge of the critical features of the methods and to provide a foundation for further study for those who wish to pursue these methods as research topics. Prerequisite: Chem. 114A or equivalent. (May not be offered every year.)

216. Chemistry of Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions (4)
A discussion of the chemistry of representative enzyme catalyzed reactions is presented. Enzyme reaction mechanisms and coenzyme chemistry are emphasized. Prerequisite: organic chemistry. (May not be offered every year.)

217. Immunology (3)
Graduate students will explore topics in specialized areas of immunochemistry and cellular immunology, antigenic and molecular structure of immunoglobulin molecules; antigenantibody interactions; cellular events in the humoral and cellular immune responses; translation immunology. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. (F)

218. Macromolecular Biochemistry (4)
A comprehensive course in biochemistry emphasizing structural biochemistry. Prerequisites: physical and organic chemistry; graduate-student standing. (F)

219A-B-C. Special Topics in Biochemistry (4-4-4)
This special topics course is designed for first-year graduate students in biochemistry. Topics presented in recent years have included protein processing, the chemical modification of proteins, the biosynthesis and function of glycoproteins, lipid biochemistry and membrane structure, and bioenergetics. Prerequisites: undergraduate courses in biochemistry. (May not be offered every year.)

221. Signal Transduction (4)
The aim of this course is to develop an appreciation for a variety of topics in signal transduction. We will discuss several historical developments while the focus will be on current issues. Both experimental approaches and results will be included in our discussions. Topics may vary from year to year. Prerequisites: biochemistry and molecular biology. (May not be offered every year.)

222. Structure and Bonding of Solids (4)
Key concepts in the atomic structure and bonding of solids such as metals, ceramics, and semiconductors. Symmetry operations, point groups, lattice types, space groups, simple and complex inorganic compounds, structure/property comparisons, structure determination with X-ray diffraction. Ionic, covalent, metallic bonding compared with physical properties. Atomic and molecular orbitals, bands versus bonds, free electron theory.

223. Organometallic Chemistry (4)
A survey of this field from a synthetic and mechanistic viewpoint. Reactivity patterns for both main group and transition element organometallic compounds will be discussed and organized to periodic trends. (May not be offered every year.)

224. Spectroscopic Techniques (4)
Application of physical techniques to the elucidation of the structure of inorganic complex ions and organometallic compounds. Topics covered include group theory, and its application to vibrational, magnetic resonance and Raman spectroscopy. (May not be offered every year.)

225. Bioinorganic Chemistry (4)
The role of metal ions in biological systems, with emphasis on transition metal ions in enzymes that transfer electrons, bind oxygen, and fix nitrogen. Also included are metal complexes in medicine, toxicity, and metal ion storage and transport. (May not be offered every year.)

226. Mechanistic Aspects of Catalytic Reactions (4)
Mechanisms of substitution and electron transfer reaction of inorganic complexes will be examined from an experimental point of view. A quantitative treatment of rate laws, the steady state approximation and multistep mechanisms of reactions that are catalyzed by soluble transition metal complexes. (May not be offered every year.)

227. Seminar in Inorganic Chemistry (2)
Seminars presented by faculty and students on topics of current interest in inorganic chemistry, including areas such as bioinorganic, organometallic and physical-inorganic chemistry. The course is designed to promote a critical evaluation of the available data in specialized areas of inorganic chemistry. Each quarter three or four different topics will be discussed. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor.

228. Solid State Chemistry (4)
Survey of the chemistry of semiconductors, superconductors, molecular magnetic materials, zeolites, fast ion conductors, electronically conducting polymers, and ceramics. Synthetic techniques such as molecular precursor design, the sol-gel process, electrosynthesis, and high-temperature thermolysis will be covered. (May not be offered every year.)

229. Special Topics in Inorganic Chemistry (2-4)
(May not be offered every year.)

230. Quantum Mechanics (4)
Concepts and mathematical formalism that are useful for problems of chemical interest: states, representations, operators, eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, time evolution, observables, and measurements. Time-
independent perturbation theory. Prerequisites: Chem. 133 or equivalent; Math. 20D or equivalent; Chem. 190 may be taken concurrently. (May not be offered every year.)

231. Chemical Kinetics and Molecular Reaction Dynamics (4)
Classical kinetics, transition state theory, unimolecular decomposition, potential energy surfaces; scattering processes and photodissociation processes. Prerequisite: Chem. 230. (May not be offered ever year.)

232. Statistical Mechanics of Chemical Systems (4)
Equilibrium statistical mechanics, distribution functions, and partition functions. Boltzman, Bose, and Fermi statistics. The different ensembles; ensemble averages and QM expectation values; derivation of thermodynamic properties of simple systems. Prerequisites: Chem. 133, 131 and 132, or equivalent. (May not be offered every year.)

233. Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics (4)
Linear response theory, time correlation functions,
and spectral densities. Schmoluchowski, Langevin,
and Fokker-Planck equations; nonlinear behavior. Newtonian and Brownian molecular dynamics calculations. Prerequisite: Chem. 232. (May not be offered every year.)

234. Thermodynamics (4)
Thermodynamics of chemical systems; the three laws, with emphasis on the formal structure of thermodynamics. Chemical equilibrium, stability theory, heterogeneous equilibrium, solutions. Prerequisites: Chem. 131, 132 or equivalent. (May not be offered every year.)

235. Molecular Spectroscopy (4)
Time-dependent behavior of systems; interaction of matter with light; selection rule. Radiative and nonradiative processes, coherent phenomena and the density matrices. Instrumentation, measurement, and interpretation. Prerequisites: Chem. 133 or equivalent; Math. 20D or Chem. 190/290. (May not be offered every year.)

236. Atherosclerosis (2)
This multidisciplinary course integrates the studies of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, with emphasis on lipoprotein metabolism, and the cellular and biochemical mechanisms of lesion development. Two-hour lectures. Same as Medicine 236. Prerequisite: biochemistry. (May not be offered every year.)

237. Essentials of Glycobiology (2)
Advanced elective for graduate/medical students who have had core courses in cell biology or biochemistry. Expert faculty will present a coordinated overview of the field of glycobiology, which explores the structure, synthesis, and functions of sugar chains in biological systems. (May not be offered every year.)

238. Current Topics in Physical Chemistry (4)
Critical reading of current literature; training and practice in presenting oral reports, writing scientific papers and proposals. (May not be offered every year.)

239. Special Topics in Chemical Physics (4)
Topics of special interest will be presented. Examples include NMR, solid-state chemistry, phase transitions, stochastic processes, scattering theory, nonequilibrium processes, tensor transformations, and advanced topics in statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, and chemical kinetics. (May not be offered every year.)

240. Electrochemistry (4)
Application of electrochemical techniques to chemistry research. Basic electrochemical theory and instrumentation: the diffusion equations, controlled potential, and current methods. Electro-chemical kinetics, Butler-Volmer, Marcus-Hush theories, preparative electrochemistry, analytical electrochemistry, solid and polymer electrolytes, semiconductor photoelectrochemistry. (May not be offered every year.)

242. Natural Products Chemistry (4)
An outline of the chemistry of terpenes, steroids, alkaloids, and plant phenols developed on the basis of modern biogenetic theory. Special emphasis will be given to biologically active substances such as hormones and antibiotics. Prerequisites: Chem. 140A-B-C or 141A-B-C.

244. Synthesis of Complex Molecules (4)
This course discusses planning economic routes for the synthesis of complex organic molecules. The uses of specific reagents and protecting groups will be outlined as well as the control of stereochemistry during a synthesis. Examples will be selected from the recent literature. Prerequisite: Chem. 148 or 248.

245. Structure and Properties of Organic Molecules (4)
Introduction to the measurement and theoretical correlation of the physical properties of organic molecules. Topics covered include molecular geometry, molecular-orbital theory, orbital hybridization, aromaticity, chemical reactivity, stereochemistry, infrared and electronic spectra, photochemistry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Prerequisite: Chem. 140ABC or 141ABC or the equivalent.

246. Kinetics and Mechanism (4)
Methodology of mechanistic organic chemistry: integration of rate expressions, determination of rate constants, transition state theory; catalysis, kinetic orders, isotope effects, substitute effects, solvent effects, linear free energy relationship; product studies, stereochemistry; reactive intermediates; rapid reactions. (May not be offered every year.)

247. Mechanisms of Organic Reactions (4)
A qualitative approach to the mechanism of various organic reactions; substitutions, additions, eliminations, condensations, rearrangements, oxidations, reductions, free-radical reactions, and photochemistry. Includes considerations of molecular structure and reactivity, synthetic methods, spectroscopic tools, and stereochemistry. The topics emphasized will vary from year to year. This is the first quarter of the graduate organic chemistry sequence. Prerequisite: Chem. 141C.

248. Synthetic Methods in Organic Chemistry (4)
A survey of reactions of particular utility in the organic laboratory. Emphasis is on methods of preparation of carbon-carbon bonds and oxidation-reduction sequences. Prerequisite: Chem. 141C or consent of instructor.

249. Special Topics in Organic Chemistry (2-4)
(May not be offered every year.)

250. Seminar in Chemistry (2)
Regularly scheduled seminars by first-year graduate students provide opportunities for practice in seminar delivery and for the exploration of topics of general interest. (S/U grades only.) (S)

251. Research Conference (2)
Group discussion of research activities and progress of the group members. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

262. Inorganic Chemistry and NMR (4)
A survey of inorganic chemistry to prepare for graduate research in the field, including a detailed introduction to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), followed by applications of NMR to structural and mechanistic problems in inorganic chemistry.

267. Biochemistry of Lipid and Lipoprotein Diseases (4)
The central theme of this course will be to develop a broad understanding of the basic biochemical aspects of lipid metabolism, the regulation of lipid metabolism, and application to the treatment of specific human diseases. (May not be offered every year.)

270A-B-C. Current Topics in EnvironmentalChemistry (2-2-2)
Formal lecture series on the current topics in the field of environmental chemistry. Emphasis is on current research topics in atmospheric, oceanic, and geological environments. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. (May not be offered every year.)

285. Introduction to Computational Chemistry (4)
This course in computational methods builds on a background in mathematics and physical chemistry. After a brief introduction and background in computational theory, topics will include molecular mechanics, semi-empirical methods, and ab initio-based methods of increasing elaboration. Emphasis will be on applications and reliability. Prerequisites: Chem. 126 or 133 and Math. 20C. (May not be offered every year.)

290. Mathematical Methods in Chemistry I (4)
Applied mathematics useful in kinetics, spectroscopy, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and quantum mechanics; ordinary and partial differential equations, vector spaces, operators, linear algebra, numerical analysis. Prerequisites: general chemistry, calculus. (May not be offered every year.)

293. Cosmochemistry Seminar (2)
Formal seminars or informal sessions on topics of current interest in cosmochemistry as presented by visiting lecturers, local researchers, or students. Prerequisite: advanced graduate-student standing. (S/U grades only.)

294. Organic Chemistry Seminar (2)
Formal seminars or informal puzzle sessions on topics of current interest in organic chemistry, as presented by visiting lecturers, local researchers, or students. Prerequisite: advanced graduate-student standing. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

295. Biochemistry Seminar (2)
Formal seminars or informal puzzle sessions on topics of current interest in biochemistry, as presented by visiting lecturers, local researchers, or students. Prerequisite: advanced graduate-student standing. (S/U grades only.)

296. Chemical Physics Seminar (2)
Formal seminars or informal sessions on topics of current interest in chemical physics as presented by visiting lecturers, local researchers, or students. Prerequisite: advanced graduate-student standing. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

297. Experimental Methods in Chemistry (4)
Experimental methods and techniques involved in chemical research are introduced. Hands-on experience provides training for careers in industrial research and for future thesis research. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

298. Special Study in Chemistry (1-4)
Reading and laboratory study of special topics under the direction of a faculty member. Exact subject matter to be arranged in individual cases. (S/U grades only.) Credit is limited to four units per quarter. (F,W,S)

299. Research in Chemistry (1-12)
Prerequisites: graduate standing and consent of instructor. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)