Upper-Division Requirements

1. Organic Chemistry (Chemistry 140A and 140B)
2. One chemistry laboratory: Organic Chemistry (Chemistry 143A) or Physical Chemistry (Chemistry 105A)
3. Structural Biochemistry (BIBC 100) or Physical Biochemistry (BIBC 110) or Physical Chemistry (Chemistry 126)
4. Metabolic Biochemistry (BIBC 102)
5. Biochemical Techniques (BIBC 103)
6. Molecular Biology (BIMM 100)
7. Cell Biology (BICD 110)
8. Genetics (BICD 100)
9. One upper-division biology lab to be chosen from the following: Signal Transduction (BIBC 105), Eukaryotic Genetics (BICD 101), Cell Biology (BICD 111), Plant Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology (BICD 123), Embryology (BICD 131), Developmental Biology Lab (BICD 133), Laboratory in Molecular Medicine (BICD 145), Recombinant DNA Techniques (BIMM 101), Advanced Techniques in Molecular Genetics (BIMM 103), Microbiology (BIMM 121), Environmental Microbiology (BIMM 127), Animal Physiology Lab (BIPN 105), Neurobio-logy Lab (BIPN 145), or Organic Chemistry (Chemistry 143C). Students completing a BISP 199 research project prior to fall 2000 may use this to satisfy the upper-division lab requirement. Students completing a BISP 199 fall 2000 or later may count the BISP 199 as an upper-division elective only.
10. Five additional upper-division biology courses (each course must be at least four units) taken through the UCSD Division of Biology are required. Only one quarter of BISP 195 and one of BISP 196 or 199 may be applied toward the fulfillment of this requirement. Students may use only one BISP 199 for meeting major requirements. (Subsequent quarters of BISP 195, 196, or 199 may be applied toward college and university requirements.)

The following courses offered by the Depart-ment of Chemistry and Biochemistry are recommended as electives for the biochemistry and cell biology major: Chemistry 115, 116, 122, 124, 126, 127. Please note that these courses will not count towards the Division of Biology residency requirement.

Molecular Biology Major

Please refer to the "Admission to the Majors" notice detailed earlier in the Division of Biology section of this catalog.

The program for molecular biology is designed to provide an intensive exposure to the theoretical concepts and experimental techniques of molecular biology. The concepts and techniques of molecular biology are the foundation for the studies of all aspects of biology in modern time. A focus on molecular biology, therefore, provides an excellent preparation for a wide range of advanced studies including basic research, medicine, bioengineering, and biotechnology. Considerable emphasis is placed on chemistry, biochemistry, and genetics for students enrolled in the program. As such, it is recommended for those students who have a particularly strong interest in this field of study.

Lower-Division Requirements

Mathematics 20A-B, and 20C or 21C

Chemistry 6A-B-C, and lab

Physics 1A-B-C or 2A-B-C, and one lab. The 2 sequence is recommended.

BILD 1 and 2 or BILD 1 and 3

Upper-Division Requirements

1. Organic Chemistry (Chemistry 140A-B)
2. Organic Chemistry Laboratory (Chemistry 143A) or Physical Chemistry Laboratory (Chemistry 105A)
3. Genetics (BICD 100)
4. Structural Biochemistry (BIBC 100)
5. Metabolic Biochemistry (BIBC 102)
6. Molecular Biology (BIMM 100)
7. Cell Biology (BICD 110)
8. Microbial Genetics (BIMM 122)
9. Regulation of Gene Activity in Eukaryotic Cells (BIMM 112)
10. Biochemical Techniques (BIBC 103)
11. Recombinant DNA Techniques (BIMM 101).
12. Four additional upper-division biology courses (each course must be at least four units) taken through the UCSD Division of Biology are required. Attention is drawn to BICD 120, BICD 122, BICD 140, BIMM 110, and BIMM 114. Only one quarter of BISP 199 or 196 and one of BISP 195 may be used to fulfill this requirement. (Subsequent quarters of BISP 195, 196, or 199 may be applied toward college and university requirements.)

Microbiology Major

Please refer to the "Admission to the Majors" notice detailed earlier in the Division of Biology section of this catalog.

The microbiology major is designed to prepare students for graduate studies and for professional careers in a variety of health-related programs. The specialization in microbiology can provide the basic background for work in medical technology, or for further training in public health or other health-related specialties. The program is also designed to provide a foundation for graduate studies in microbiology, virology, and a variety of allied fields as well as for medical and dental school.

Lower-Division Requirements

Mathematics 10A-B-C, or 20A-B, and 20C or 21C

Chemistry 6A-B-C, and one lab

Physics 1A-B-C, or 2A-B-C and one lab

BILD 1 and 2 or BILD 1 and 3

Upper-Division Requirements

1. Organic Chemistry (Chemistry 140A-B)
2. Organic Chemistry Laboratory (Chemistry 143A)
3. Effective fall 2000, entering freshmen are required to complete Metabolic Biochemistry (BIBC 102). Transfer students will be held to the new requirements beginning fall 2002. Students entering prior to fall 2000 may complete either Structural Biochemistry (BIBC 100) or Metabolic Biochemistry (BIBC 102). Both are recommended.
4. Biochemical Techniques (BIBC 103)
5. Molecular Biology (BIMM 100)
6. Immunology (BICD 140)
7. Genetics (BICD 100)
8. Bacteriology (BIMM 120)
9. Laboratory in Microbiology (BIMM 121)
10. Virology (BIMM 114)
11. Medical Microbiology (BIMM 124)
12. Three additional upper-division biology courses (each course must be at least four units) taken through the UCSD Division of Biology are required. These may include no more than one quarter of BISP 195 and one quarter of BISP 196 or 199. (Subsequent quarters of 195, 196, or 199 may be applied toward college and university requirements.) Other courses of special interest to microbiology majors are listed below:

    Cell Biology (BICD 110)

    Regulation of Gene Activity in Eucaryotic Cells (BIMM 112)

    Microbial Genetics (BIMM 122)

    Recombinant DNA Techniques (BIMM 101)

Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution Major

Please refer to the "Admission to the Majors" notice detailed earlier in the Division of Biology section of this catalog.

This major includes the fields of population biology, ecology, conservation biology, animal behavior, population genetics, biogeography, and evolution. These fields have in common a focus on evolutionary processes and whole organisms in relation to each other and to their environments. Research careers in ecology, behavior, and evolution can be found in universities, government agencies, and the biotechnology industry. More applied careers for ecologists are equally varied: recent graduates now work in forestry and wildlife management, as ecological consultants for U.S. and foreign governments and private industry, as teachers, or in new fields such as ecological medicine and epidemiology, environmental design and planning, and conservation biology. Because organismal biology spans such a wide variety of topics, this major has been designed to provide the basic fundamentals while allowing maximum flexibility within the general topic areas.

Lower-Division Requirements

Mathematics: Three quarters of calculus are required. Mathematics 20A-B-C or 21C are strongly recommended, but Mathematics 10A-B-C are acceptable.

Chemistry: Chemistry 6A-B-C. Laboratories in chemistry are not required.

Physics: Physics 1A-B-C or Physics 2A-B-C. Laboratories in physics are not required.

BILD 1 and 3

Upper-Division Requirements

1. Genetics (BICD 100). This course should be taken at the end of the second year.
2. Biometry (BIEB 100). This course is a prerequisite for several core courses in ecology, behavior, and conservation, and should be taken in the second year.
3. Effective fall 2000, entering freshmen are required to complete Metabolic Biochemistry (BIBC 102). Transfer students will be held to the new requirements beginning fall 2002. Students entering prior to fall 2000 may complete either Structural Biochemistry (BIBC 100) or Metabolic Biochemistry (BIBC 102). Both are recommended. Please note that organic chemistry (Chemistry 140A-B) is a prerequisite for biochemistry. These prerequisite courses may be applied as elective courses under requirement number five listed below.
4. Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution. Seven courses to be chosen from BIEB 120–180 are required. At least two of these courses must be laboratory or field courses (BIEB 121, 165, 167, and/or 179). BIEB 120, 126, 130, 140, 150, 164, 166, 178, and 180 are designed to be taken by third-year students; BIEB 121, 154, 156, 165, 167, 176, and 180 are designed to be taken by more advanced students. For students graduating on or before summer 2002, however, an EBE core lecture course may be substituted for one of the two laboratory courses. Although two laboratory or field courses are recommended, one such course and six EBE core lecture courses will satisfy the seven core course requirement. Laboratory courses may be taken either concurrently with the prerequisite lecture course if Biometry (BIEB 100) has been taken, or during the subsequent academic year. Note that some of the laboratory courses may not be offered every year. For that reason, it is recommended that students take as many required courses as possible when the courses are offered.
5. Four additional upper-division courses (each course must be at least four units) in biology, chemistry, mathematics, or related sciences are required. Students are requried to meet the Division of Biology residency requirement. Courses to be completed outside of the UCSD Division of Biology must be petitioned (prior to commencement of the course) to satisfy this requirement. Transfer courses are considered to be outside of the division. Students participating in the Education Abroad Program should refer to the biology section of that topic or contact the undergraduate adviser. Courses outside the Division of Biology that are particularly appropriate and that have been approved in the past include: Chemistry 122, 140A-B, and 149A, Mathematics 111A-B-C, 180A-B-C, and 181A-B-C; Biological Anthropol-ogy (most courses); and Earth Sciences (most courses); Economics 131; Scripps Institution of Oceanography (consent of instructor required). Only one quarter of BISP 196 or 199 and one quarter of BISP 195 may be used to fulfill this requirement. (Subsequent quarters of 195, 196, or 199 may be applied toward college and university requirements.) Certain intensive spring and summer session courses offered at various universities and field stations throughout the country may be used to help satisfy this requirement if prior approval is obtained from the faculty adviser of the major by petition. A good example is the field course in tropical biology offered in Costa Rica each spring and fall quarter. Prerequisites for the Costa Rica program are: BIEB 100, 120 and familiarity with Spanish; some type of field research experience, such as BIEB 121, 165 and/or 167, a field oriented BISP 199, or participation in a field research project, is strongly recommended. Biology courses taken through the Costa Rica program will be counted toward the major as one core course, one laboratory/field course, and one elective. These courses must be petitioned upon completion. Consult the Educa-tion Abroad Program Office at the UCSD International Center for details.

A new systemwide supercourse in environment biology held at the White Mountain Research station provides another attractive alternative to gaining field experience. For more information, consult http://www.wmrs.edu/

Honors Thesis in Biology

Students in any one of the six biology major programs who have a 3.7 grade-point average or above in upper-division science courses, the biology major, and overall UC at the end of their junior year are eligible to undertake the honors thesis. This program covers the senior year of undergraduate study and involves a maximum of twelve units of senior thesis research (BISP 196) taken in addition to the major requirements for graduation. (Four units of senior thesis research BISP 196 are to be taken during three consecutive quarters.) Research is conducted under the supervision of a faculty member of the Division of Biology only and cannot be performed in the research labs of other departments such as the School of Medicine, SIO, etc. If there are any questions as to which faculty members are eligible, students should consult with Biology Student Affairs. The research will culminate in a senior thesis and an oral report (see below). Students who complete the program satisfactorily will have "Distinction in Biology" recorded on their transcript. Students who fail to make satisfactory progress will be advised to withdraw from the program and, if eligible, will receive four units per quarter of BISP 199. Students may also withdraw voluntarily from the program and, if eligible, receive appropriate credit for BISP 199. Grades for BISP 196 are P, NP, or I only.

Application to the Honors Thesis Program

1. Students interested in the program who are eligible as of the end of the spring quarter of their junior year (the fourth quarter prior to graduation) need to find a Division of Biology faculty member willing to act in the capacity of thesis adviser and inform the Biology Student Affairs Office of their intent.
2. After an adviser is selected, the student and the adviser should complete the Special Studies application form (available from the Biology Student Affairs Office, 1128 Pacific Hall). The form should contain the research proposal.
3. The application form should then be submitted to the Biology Student Affairs Office. The deadline for submitting this form is the end of the eighth week of the quarter prior to the quarter the research will begin.
4. The application will be submitted to the honors thesis coordinator after eligibility has been determined.
5. If the student is approved for admission to the program, he or she will then be authorized to register for BISP 196.

Entry into the second and third quarter of the program will require submission to the honors thesis adviser of a written report in which the student summarizes the data obtained in the first quarter. A brief oral interview with the student on this report can also be expected. If the progress made appears reasonable for an honors student, then the 196 petition will be signed. If not, conversion of the 196 credit to BISP 199 will be recommended. Completion of the program will require a final written report by the student at the end of the third quarter in addition to an oral presentation in the middle of the quarter to a suitable group of faculty and students, including the honors thesis adviser.

Minor in Biology

To receive a minor from the Division of Biology, a student must complete at least seven four-unit biology courses, including at least five four-unit upper-division biology courses (for a total of at least twenty-eight units of course work). Students may apply transferable biology courses from another institution toward the lower-division requirement, after obtaining approval from both the UCSD Division of Biology and the student's college. Upper-division courses must be taken for letter grade. No courses taken outside of the Division of Biology may be applied toward the biology minor (i.e., Chemistry 140A, Psychology 106, etc.). Advanced placement biology scores of four or five may be counted in lieu of two lower-division biology courses for the division.

Secondary School Biology Teaching

UCSD's biology division is committed to the education of future biology teachers and offers an excellent preparation for teaching biology in secondary schools. If you are interested in earning a California teaching credential from UCSD, contact the Teacher Education Program for information about the prerequisite and professional preparation requirements. It is recommended that you contact TEP and the Biology Student Affairs Office early in your academic career to help you plan a suitable biology curriculum. If you plan to get your credential at another institution, keep in mind that a broad education in biology is the best preparation to become a teacher.

We suggest that students take courses in plant and animal biology, microbiology, ecology, population biology, evolution, marine biology, genetics, and biochemistry. Courses in cellular and molecular biology are also advisable. After completion of BILD 1, 2, and 3, a suggested program of upper-division courses would be: BIBC 100 or 102, BICD 100, 120, 130, BIEB 120, 150, BIPN 106, SIO 275B (or BILD 82). This would give you as a prospective teacher the required breadth of education.

Integrated Bahelor's/Master's Degree Program

An integrated program leading to a bachelor of science degree and a master of science degree in biology is offered to those undergraduate students who are enrolled in any of the major programs offered by the Division of Biology at UCSD. Qualified students are able to obtain the M.S. degree within one year following receipt of the B.S. degree. Students interested in applying to this program must meet with the BS/MS adviser in the Biology Student Affairs Office BEFORE the end of their junior year.

The program is open only to UCSD undergraduates. The Division of Biology does not have financial aid available for students enrolled in this program.

Eligibility and Enrollment

To be eligible, students must have completed the first two quarters of their junior year in residence at UCSD and must have an overall UC GPA of at least 3.0. Students' major GPA should be at least 3.3. Students must demonstrate excellent performance in upper-division biology core courses during their undergraduate program to be eligible to enroll in biology graduate core courses.

It is the responsibility of the prospective B.S./M.S. student to select a faculty member (from the Division of Biology) who would be willing to serve as the student's adviser and in whose laboratory the student would complete at least twenty-four units of research over a two-year period. The units of research which must be completed during the student's senior undergraduate year, must be taken IN ADDITION to the requirements for the bachelor's degree. These units will count toward the requirements for the master's degree only. Students must complete six consecutive quarters of research to fulfill the research component of the program. Any deviation from this plan, such as a break in enrollment for one or more quarters, will be cause for the student to be dropped from the program.

Students who have been approved (by both the Division of Biology and the UCSD Office of Graduate Admissions) for the program must enroll in a Special Studies Course, BGGN 271, for each, and every, quarter of participation in the B.S/M.S. program. Students can obtain the appropriate course code and division stamp at the Biology Student Affairs Office.

Research work (BGGN 271) will be credited toward the B.S./M.S. program requirements only if it is completed during the time a student is officially enrolled at UCSD and has paid tuition for that quarter.

Requirements for the Master of Science Degree

1. Completion of six consecutive quarters of research during the senior undergraduate year and the graduate year.
2. Completion of at least thirty-six units of graduate course work (BGGN 200-level or higher, or approved [via petition] graduate courses offered by related departments at a similar level) during the graduate year. The course of study must be approved by the faculty adviser.
3. Twelve of the thirty-six units must be in courses other than BGGN 271 (BGGN 297 and BGGN 299 may not be used to satisfy this requirement).
4. Serve as a graduate teaching assistant.
5. Maintenance of a grade-point average (both overall and in the major) of at least 3.0 for all course work, both cumulatively and for each quarter of enrollment in the B.S./M.S. program. If the student's GPA falls below 3.0 (for either overall or in the major), he or she will be automatically dropped from the program.
6. Completion of a thesis, with an oral presentation to, and approval of, a three-member Thesis Committee. A student may have any regular faculty at UCSD or any adjunct faculty as their adviser and chair of their Thesis Committee. The Thesis Committee must contain at least two regular faculty from the Division of Biology and no more than one adjunct faculty can serve on the committee. If an adjunct faculty serves as chair of the Thesis Committee, one of the biology members must serve as co-chair.
7. At least three complete, separate, and consecutive quarters of residency as a graduate student which will commence the quarter immediately following the quarter in which the B.S. degree is awarded. (Note: The summer session is not considered an official quarter during the graduate year.)
8. Students who have been approved for the B.S./M.S. program must provide the Office of Graduate Admissions with a copy of their official UCSD transcripts with the B.S. degree posted, PRIOR TO THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE GRADUATE YEAR IN THE PROGRAM.

Non-Degree Program

The Division of Biology will accept applicants into the non-degree program for a maximum of one year only. Qualified applicants must have at least a 3.0 GPA in their upper-division work to be accepted. Justification will not be made for those who fall below the GPA minimum.

Students who wish to apply to the UCSD biology Ph.D. program at a later date should not apply for this program. However, students who have applied to graduate or medical schools elsewhere, but have not yet been accepted, are welcome to apply.

Once accepted into this program, the student has graduate status for the academic year. Courses may be taken on the undergraduate or graduate level with consent of the instructor. Students will not be assigned faculty advisers and must make their own academic plans.

The Doctoral Program

Graduate studies for a Ph.D. degree in the Division of Biology in affiliation with the Salk Institute are oriented mainly toward the development of the capacity for independent research and for teaching in the biological sciences.

The requirements for entrance to graduate study in the Division of Biology are flexible, but a strong background in mathematics, chemistry, and physics is recommended.

Formal course work and opportunities for dissertation research include most basic areas of experimental biology, with emphasis in the general areas of biochemistry, biophysics, cell biology, developmental biology, genetics, immunology, molecular biology, neurobiology, plant molecular biology, ecology, behavior and evolution, virology, and cancer biology.

During the first year of graduate study, each student undertakes a research project in the laboratory of each of four to six different faculty members, and is expected to spend a major portion of his or her academic time on this project. The laboratories are selected by the student in consultation with the first year adviser to provide a broad view of the research interests of the division. The student is also expected to enroll in the first-year graduate biology sequence which includes advanced material in genetics, developmental biology, plant biology, neurobiology, molecular biology, cell biology, virology, and immunology. The only other general course requirement for the Ph.D. is a minimum of twelve units of BGGN 500 (Apprentice Teaching in Biology). A program of further study, including seminars and courses appropriate to a student's background and interests, is arranged through consultation between the student and the faculty. Much reliance is placed on informal instruction through early and close association of the student with the faculty and research staff, and through regular seminars. After becoming familiar with the research activities of the faculty through the laboratory rotation program, the student begins work on a thesis research problem of his or her choice no later than the end of the first year. The student is free to choose for the thesis adviser a regular member of the UCSD faculty or an adjunct member of the Division of Biology faculty. The student is required to have completed a two-part examination in order to be admitted to candidacy for the Ph.D. degree. The purpose of the examinations is for the student to demonstrate competence in the field of major interest and in related fields of biology. The major remaining requirement for the Ph.D. degree is the satisfactory completion of a dissertation consisting of original research carried out under the guidance of a faculty member.

Close collaboration with members of the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry is a vital and stimulating aspect of the biology program. Additional strength and breadth in biology are gained by collaborating with the Department of Marine Biology of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, with the Scripps Research Insti-tute, and with the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.

Divisional Ph.D. Time Limit Policies

Students must be advanced to candidacy by the end of four years. Total university support cannot exceed seven years. Total registered time at UCSD cannot exceed seven years.

Joint Doctoral Program with San Diego State University

The Division of Biology at UCSD participates in a joint graduate program with the Department of Biology at SDSU, primarily in the areas of cell and molecular biology, and leading to the Ph.D. degree in biology. Graduate student participants in the joint doctoral program are required to spend one year enrolled at UCSD; thesis research is carried out under the supervision of the SDSU faculty.

Information regarding admission is found in the current edition of the San Diego State University Graduate Bulletin.

Courses

Note: The division will endeavor to offer the courses as outlined below; however, unforeseen circumstances sometimes mandate a change of scheduled offerings, especially the quarter offered (F,W,S). Students are strongly advised to check the Schedule of Classes or with the division's Student Affairs Office (1128 Pacific Hall, (858) 534-0557) before relying on the following schedule. This is of particular importance in planning schedules for graduation requirements. It is the student's responsibility to contact the Student Affairs Office to determine the specific quarter that certain courses will be offered. The following schedule is tentative for the academic year 2000–2001 only. It should not be assumed that the same schedule will continue after this academic year.

Students who have satisfied the prerequisites for courses at another college or by AP credit need to be pre-authorized to register for the course. Please come to the Biology Student Affairs Office before your registration time to be authorized. If the class is full please place your name on the waitlist and attend the first class meeting.

Students who do not attend the first thirty minutes of the first scheduled meeting (be it lab or lecture) will be considered not enrolled in the course. Prior written notification to the instructor regarding an anticipated absence will ensure a space. However, responsibility for officially dropping the lab from the registrar's records belongs to the student.

IF A STUDENT DROPS A LAB COURSE AFTER THE END OF THE SECOND SESSION, THE DEPARTMENT WILL REPORT A "W" FOR THE COURSE.

Lower-Division

BILD 1. The Cell (4)
An introduction to cellular structure and function, to biological molecules, bioenergetics, to the genetics of both procaryotic and eucaryotic organisms, and to the elements of molecular biology. Three hours of lecture and one hour of recitation. Prerequisites: two quarters of general chemistry (second quarter of chemistry may be taken concurrently). (F,W,S)

BILD 2. Multicellular Life (4)
An introduction to the development and the physiological processes of plants and animals. Included are treatments of reproduction, nutrition, respiration, transport systems, regulation of the internal environment, the nervous system, and behavior. Three hours of lecture and one hour of recitation. Prerequisites: two quarters of general chemistry (Chem. 6A-B, second quarter of chemistry [Chem. 6B] may be taken concurrently.) (F,W,S)

BILD 3. Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (4)
The first principles of evolutionary theory, classification, ecology, and behavior; a phylogenetic synopsis of the major groups of organisms from viruses to primates. Three hours of lecture and one hour of lab. Prerequisite: a full year of high school biology. Note: E.B.E. majors should complete this course during their first year at UCSD. (F,S)

BILD 7. The Beginning of Life (4)
An introduction to the basic principles of plant and animal development, emphasizing the similar strategies by which diverse organisms develop. Practical applications of developmental principles as well as ethical considerations arising from these technologies will be discussed. (S)

BILD 10. Fundamental Concepts of Modern Biology (4)
An introduction to the biochemistry and genetics of cells and organisms; illustrations are drawn from microbiology and human biology. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. This course is designed for non-biology students and does not satisfy a lower-division requirement for any biology major. Note: Students may not receive credit for BILD 10 after receiving credit for BILD 1. (F,W)

BILD 12. Neurobiology and Behavior (4)
An introduction to the organization and functions of the nervous system; topics include molecular, cellular, developmental, systems, and behavioral neurobiology. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. This course is designed for non-biology students and does not satisfy a lower-divison requirement for any biology major.

BILD 14. Introduction to Plant Biology (4)
Plant biology for non-majors with emphasis on human concerns. Plants as food for a growing population; plant growth, development and reproduction; the soil ecosystem; genetically engineered plants; organic farming; environmental concerns of agriculture. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. This course is designed for non-biology students and does not satisfy a lower-division requirement for any biology major. Note: Students may not receive credit for BILD 14 after receiving credit for BICD 120.

BILD 16. History of Life (4)
Life has a very long history on earth and this course will chronicle patterns of biological diversity from its origin over 3 billion years ago to the present day. Topics covered will include methods for reconstructing the history of life on this planet, the origin and evolution of major groups of plants and animals, dinosaur paleobiology, past environmental changes and their effects on species and communities, and extinctions. We will also explore how insights from the past can be used to understand how present and future environmental changes will impact biological diversity. This course is designed for non-biology majors. (W)

BILD 20. Human Genetics in Modern Society (4)
Fundamentals of human genetics and introduction to modern genetic technology such as gene cloning and DNA finger printing. Applications of these techniques, such as forensic genetics, genetic screening, and genetic engineering. Social impacts and ethical implications of these applications. This course is designed for non-biology students and does not satisfy a lower-division requirement for any biology major. Note: Students may not receive credit for BILD 20 after receiving credit for BICD 100. (S)

BILD 22. Human Nutrition (4)
A survey of our understanding of the basic chemistry and biology of human nutrition; discussions of all aspects of food: nutritional value, diet, nutritional diseases, public health, and public policy. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. This course is designed for non-biology students and does not satisfy a lower-division requirement for any biology major. Note: Students may not receive credit for BILD 22 after receiving credit for BIBC 120. (S)

BILD 24. Biology of Human Reproduction (4)
The topics covered are: sexual development in embryo and fetus, the nature and regulation of changes at puberty, the functioning of the mature sexual system. Three hours of lecture. This course is designed for non-biology students and does not satisfy a lower-division requirement for any biology major. Note: Students may not receive credit for BILD 24 after receiving credit for BICD 134. (W)

BILD 26. Human Physiology (4)
Introduction to the elements of human physiology and the functioning of the various organ systems. The course presents a broad, yet detailed, analysis of human physiology, with particular emphasis towards understanding disease processes. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. This course is designed for non-biology students and does not satisfy a lower-division requirement for any biology major. (F)

BILD 30. Biomedicine/Microbes (4)
General principles of microbiology with emphasis on the cell biology of microorganisms and of the cells with which they interact in causing diseases of man and animals. A discussion of infection by bacteria fungi and viruses, and host responses to infection. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. This course is designed for non-biology students and does not satisfy a lower-division requirement for any biology major. Note: Students may not receive credit for BILD 30 after receiving credit for BIMM 120. (W)

BILD 32. Biomedicine/Cancer (4)
An introduction to molecular, cellular, and immunological aspects of cancer and a consideration of the sociological and psychological impact of cancer on the individual and general society. Three hours of lecture. This course is designed for non-biology students and does not satisfy a lower-division requirement for any biology major. Note: Students may not receive credit for BILD 32 after receiving credit for BIMM 134. (S)

BILD 36. AIDS Science and Society (4)
An introduction to all aspects of the AIDS epidemic. Topics include the epidemiology, biology, and clinical aspects of HIV infection; HIV testing; education and approaches to therapy; and the social, political, and legal impacts of AIDS on the individual and society. In order to count for their major, biology majors must take the upper-division course, BICD 136. (F)

BILD 90. Undergraduate Seminar (1)
This seminar is restricted to lower-division undergraduate students (freshmen and sophomores). The course introduces current biological topics. The topics vary with instructors and for each quarter. Examples of topics which may be discussed are: wildlife conservation, signalling within and between cells, mapping the human genome, etc. This course does not satisfy any requirement for the biology major, biology minor, or college general/education. (F,W,S)

BILD 92. Professional Topics (1)
This seminar will introduce students to the various subdisciplines and their research methodology in the biological sciences. Emphasis will be on bioinformatics, neurophysiology, and biotechnology. Current research topics in the specialized areas in academe and industry will be discussed. The role and professional identity of biologists in research, consulting, government, management, and teaching will be reviewed. In addition, issues surrounding professional ethics will be discussed.

BILD 95. Undergraduate Workshops (1)
The workshops will be restricted to lower-division undergraduates. The course will introduce students to the methods of scientific research and to a variety of research topics in the biological/biomedical sciences. Examples of topics are: Introduction to Scientific Research, AIDS, Medical and Social Aspects, Is the Mind the Same as the Brain, Wildlife Conservation. (F,W,S)

BILD 99. Horticulture and Animal Husbandry (4)
The practical and theoretical aspects of plant and animal propagation, maintenance, and behavior in a typical Southern California farm community. Animals to be studied include bees, rabbits, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, chickens, ducks, geese, and turkeys. Behavioral and social aspects are emphasized. Plants to be studied include a variety of fruit trees, bushes, and vegetables. Emphasis is on propagation and culture conditions. Each student chooses a principal project and area of study. One hour of lecture and fourteen hours of farm work, research and/or study per week. Oral reports and final paper required.

Upper-Division

Biochemistry

BIBC 100. Structural Biochemistry (4)
The structure and function of biomolecules. Includes protein conformation, dynamics, and function; enzymatic catalysis, enzyme kinetics, and allosteric regulation; lipids and membranes; sugars and polysaccarides; and nucleic acids. Three hours of lecture and one hour of recitation. Prerequisites: two quarters of organic chemistry (second quarter may be taken concurrently). (Note: Students may not receive credit for both BIBC 100 and Chem. 114A.) (F,W,S)

BIBC 102. Metabolic Biochemistry (4)
Energy-producing pathways–glycolysis, the TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, photosynthesis, and fatty acid oxidation; and biosynthetic pathways–gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, and fatty acid biosynthesis. Nitrogen metabolism, urea cycle, amino acid metabolism, neucleotide metabolism, and metabolism of macromolecules. Three hours lecture and one hour recitation. Prerequisites: two quarters of organic chemistry (second quarter may be taken concurrently). Note: Students may not receive credit for both BIBC 102 and Chem. 114B.) (F,W,S)

BIBC 103. Biochemical Techniques (4)
Introductory laboratory course in current principles and techniques to biochemical/molecular biological research problems. Techniques include protein and nucleic acid purification and identification methods such as centrifugation, chromatography, and electrophoresis. Techniques covered also include immunological, spectrophotometric, enzyme, and radioisotopes techniques. Note: Students may not receive credit for both BIBC 103 and Chem. 112A. (F,W,S)

BIBC 105. Signal Transduction Laboratory (6)
A laboratory course involving the application of molecular, cellular, and biochemical techniques to explore signal transduction mechanisms in mammalian cells. The events between ligand-biding to a cell surface receptor and activation of gene transcription in the nucleus will be studied. Prerequisites: BIBC 100, BIBC 103 and BIMM 100. (S)

BIBC 110. Physical Biochemistry (4)
The theory and applications of physical chemistry to biological molecules, process and systems and techniques used in biochemistry and physiology. Topics include reversible and irreversible thermodynamics, bioenergetics, energy coupling and transduction, solutions of macromolecules, sedimention, chromatography, electrophoresis, passive and active membrane transport, spectroscopy, and chemical kinetics. Three hours of lecture and one hour of recitation. Prerequisites: calculus and organic chemistry. (S)

BIBC 115. Computer Programming in Biology (4)
Use of computer programming in the analysis and presentation of biological data (computation of best value and standard deviation, histogram, least squares fitting procedure, simulation of genetic experiments, etc.) Students learn the C++ computer language and run their programs at the Computer Center. There are some visits to laboratories and hospitals to see applications of computers in biology and medicine. Three hours of lecture and about ten hours of homework per week; limited enrollment. Prerequisite: upper-division standing or consent of instructor. (Note: Students may not receive credit for both BIBC 115 and Chem. 134.)

BIBC 116 Evolution of Genes and Proteins (4)
The history of an organism can be found in its genome. Analyses of the primary sequences will be used to recognize families of genes that arose by duplication and divergence. Topics include comparisons of amino acid sequences and three dimensional structures and range from the oldest and most widely distributed proteins to modem mosaics. Where possible, specific motifs and folds will be traced to their ancestral beginnings. Prerequisites: BIBC 100, BIMM 100.

BIBC 120. Nutrition (4)
Emphasis is on the biochemical aspects of nutrition. The known functions of vitamins, minerals, fats, carbohydrates, and protein are discussed in terms of experiments in nutrition and an evaluation of the relation of the knowledge to nutrition in man. Three hours of lecture. Prerequisite: BIBC 102 (may be taken concurrently). (F)

BIBC 130 Marine Biochemistry (4)
Biochemical mechanisms of adaptation in organisms to the marine environment. Special emphasis will be on the effects of pressure, temperature, salinity, oxygen, and light on the physiology and biochemistry. Prerequisites: BIBC 102 or consent of instructor.

BIBC 153. Topics in Biophysics/Photobiology (4)
(Same as Chemistry 153 and Physics 153.)
Basic principles of photobiology and photochemistry. Photochemical mechanisms in photosynthesis. Photo-receptor pigment systems and photobiological control mechanisms in living organisms. Prerequisite: upper-division standing in biology, chemistry or physics, or consent of instructor. (S)

Genetics, Cellular and Developmental Biology of Plants and Animals

BICD 100. Genetics (4)
An introduction to the principles of heredity in diploid organisms, fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Mendelian inheritance; population genetics; quantitative genetics; linkage; sex determination; meiotic behavior of chromosome aberrations, gene structure, regulation, and replication; genetic code. Three hours of lecture and one hour of recitation. Prerequisite: BILD 1 or the equivalent. (F,W,S)

BICD 101. Eucaryotic Genetics Laboratory (4)
This course emphasizes the principles of Mendelian inheritance and requires the student to apply both cytological and genetic analysis to the solution of problems in transmission genetics. One hour of lecture and seven hours of laboratory. Prerequisite: BICD 100. Attendance at the first lecture/lab is required. Non-attendance will result in the student's being dropped from the course roster. It is the student's responsibility to officially drop the course. (S)

BICD 110. Cell Biology (4)
The structure and function of cells and cell organelles, cell growth and division, motility, cell differentiation and specialization. Three hours of lecture and one hour of recitation. Prerequisites: BIBC 100 or BIBC 102, and BICD 100. (F,W,S)

BICD 111. Cell Biology Laboratory (4)
A laboratory course in the application of cellular techniques to biological problems. The establishment, growth, transformation, immortalization, and senescence of mammalian cells will be studied at the molecular and the cellular level. Ten hours of laboratory. In addition to the formal lab hours listed above, there will be an average of two hours in which students will be required to work in the class laboratory to complete experiments and prepare for presentations. Prerequisite: BICD 110 (may be taken concurrently); BIBC 103 is strongly recommended. (F) Attendance at the first lecture/lab is required. Non-attendance will result in the student's being dropped from the course roster. It is the student's responsibility to officially drop the course.

BICD 120. Fundamentals of Plant Biology (4)
An introduction to the biology of plants. Basic principles of plant anatomy, physiology, development, and diversity are covered as well as specialized topics, including plant genetic engineering, plant disease and stress, medicinal plants, plants and the environment, and sustainable agriculture. Prerequisites: BILD 1 and 2. (F)

BICD 122. Plant Cellular and Molecular Biology (4)
The cellular and molecular basis of plant development, including plant hormones, signal transduction mechanisms, light and plant growth, plant microorganism interaction, plant transformation, genetic engineering of plants. Prerequisite: BIBC 102 required. (W)

BICD 123. Plant Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory (6)
Techniques in plant cell and tissue culture, plant transformation, genetic selection and screening of mutants, host pathogen interactions, gene regulation, organelle isolation, membrane transport. Two hours of lecture and eight hours of laboratory each week. In addition to the formal lab hours, there will be at least eight hours in which students will be required to work in the class laboratory to complete experiments and prepare for presentations. Prerequisites: upper-division standing; BICD 120 strongly recommended. (S) Attendance at the first lecture/lab is required. Non-attendance will result in the student's being dropped from the course roster. It is the student's responsibility to officially drop the course.

BICD 130. Embryos, Genes, and Development (4)
Developmental biology of animals at the tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. Basic processes of embryogenesis in a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate organisms. Cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie cell fate determination and cell differentiation. More advanced topics such as pattern formation and sex determination are discussed. Open to upper-division students only. Three hours of lecture and one hour of recitation. Prerequisites: BICD 100, upper-division standing, BIBC 100 or BIBC 102; BICD 110, BIMM 100 strongly recommended. (W)

BICD 131. Embryology Laboratory (6)
Descriptive and experimental embryology of marine invertebrates and of vertebrates. One and one-half hours of lecture and ten hours of laboratory each week. In addition to the formal lab hours, there will be at least six and a half hours in which students will be required to work in the class laboratory to complete experiments and prepare for presentations. Prerequisites: BILD 1 and 2 or BIPN 100 or the equivalent. (F) Attendance at the first lecture/lab is required. Nonattendance will result in the student's being dropped from the course roster. It is the student's responsibility to officially drop the course.

BICD 132. Molecular Basis of Development (4)
Explores the molecular mechanisms that underlie cell fate determination and cell differentiation during animal development. Emphasizes the action of key regulatory networks in directing developmental events in a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate systems. This course is open to upper-division students only. Three hours of lecture and one hour of recitation. Prerequisites: BIMM 100, upper-division standing.

BICD 133. Developmental Biology Lab (6)
Explore fundamentals of embryonic development using advanced techniques in light and fluorescent microscopy and by analyzing developmental mutants. Course includes selecting and knocking out genes of interest followed by phenotypic analyses. Invertebrate and vertebrate organisms covered. Prerequisites: BILD 1 and BILD 2 or BIPN 100. BIMM 100 and BIMM 110 are recommended. (W) Attendance at the first lecture/lab is required. Nonattendance will result in the student's being dropped from the course roster. It is the student's responsibility to officially drop the course.

BICD 134. Human Reproduction and Development (4)
This course is addressed to the development of the human sexual system, including gametogenesis, fertilization, and embryo implantation. Emphasis is placed on the physiology of reproductive functions. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. Prerequisites: BIBC 102 and BICD 100. (F)

BICD 136. AIDS Science and Society (4)
An introduction to all aspects of the AIDS epidemic. Topics will include the epidemiology, biology, and clinical aspects of HIV infection, HIV testing, education and approaches to therapy, and the social, political, and legal impacts of AIDS on the individual and society. In order to count for their major, biology majors must take the upper-division course, BICD 136. Prerequisites: BILD 1, BILD 2 recommended. (F)

BICD 140. Immunology (4)
Formation and function of the mammalian immune system, molecular and cellular basis of the immune response, infectious diseases and autoimmunity. Prerequisites: BICD 100, BIMM 100. BIBC 100 recommended. (F,W)

BICD 142. Topics in Immunology (4)
This course covers selected topics in molecular and cellular immunology at a more advanced level, and is a sequel to Immunology (BICD 140). Prerequisites: BICD 140 and upper-division standing. (S)

BICD 145 Laboratory in Molecular Medicine (4)
This course focuses upon a molecular and immunological approach to study problems in modern medical research. The emphasis will be on novel approaches in medicine, including lymphocyte biology, cancer biology, and gene transfer. Prerequisites: BIBC 103, BIMM 100 (W) Attendance at the first lecture/lab is required. Nonattendance will result in the student's being dropped from the course roster. It is the student's responsibility to officially drop the course.

BICD 150. Endocrinology (4)
Topics are hormone biosynthesis, metabolism and mechanisms of action, neuroendocrinology, regulation of intermediary metabolism and body size, water and electrolyte, calcium and phosphate homeostasis. This course is restricted to upper-division students. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. Prerequisite: BILD 1, BILD 2. BIBC 100, BIPN 100 recommended. (F)

BICD 162. Critical Reading and Writing in the Biological Sciences (2)
Students will read primary literature in the field of cell transport and will be instructed how to approach a scientific paper, how to interpret results, and how to write a paper that summarizes scientific research. Prerequisites: Chem. 140A, 140B, 143A; either BIBC 100 or BIBC 102; BIMM 100; either BICD 100 or BICD 110; plus one laboratory course (BIBC 103 or BIMM 101 or BIPN 105 or BIMM 121) or other example of research experience (BISP 199 or research experience in industry). Upper-division standing is required. (F)

BICD 170. Topics in Human Genetics (4)
An advanced course covering aspects of human genetics in detail and using papers from the scientific literature as the major source of information. A review of basic genetics as applied to the human species is followed by the consideration of recent genetic insights into a number of human conditions which illustrate the principles covered in the first part of the course. Prerequisites: BICD 100 (may not be taken concurrently), BIMM 100 is strongly recommended. (F)

BICD 180. Genetics of Model Organisms (4)
Survey of various organisms used in current biological/biomedical research. Biology faculty experts discuss organisms used in their research, outline history as genetic models, tools used for laboratory study, and contributions to the wider understanding of biological systems. Prerequisite: BICD 100. (S)

Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution

BIEB 100. Biometry (4)
Application of statistics in biological problems. Topics: parametric statistics, (t-test, correlation, regression, ANOVA), non-parametric statistics resampling methods, experimental design. Mandatory homework to apply theory using statistical Macintosh-based programs. Instructor conducts mandatory two-hour discussion session in computer lab. Three hours of lecture and two hours of laboratory section. Prerequisite: BILD 3 recommended. (F,W)

BIEB 102. Introductory Ecology-Organisms and Habitat (4)
This course emphasizes principles shaping organisms, habitats, and ecosystems. Topics covered include population regulation, physiological ecology, competition, predation, and human exploitation. This will be an empirical look at general principles in ecology and conservation with emphasis on the unique organisms and habitats of California. Prerequisite: BILD 3 or equivalent.

BIEB 120. General Ecology (4)
A study of the factors affecting species' distributions and abundances, with a special emphasis on population dynamics. Three hours of lecture and one hour of section. Prerequisite: BIEB 100 (may be taken concurrently). (W)

BIEB 121. Ecology Laboratory (6)
A laboratory course to familiarize students with ecological problem solving and methods. Sections will use the Macintosh computer and also perform outdoor field work. Two hours of lecture and eight hours of laboratory each week. In addition to the formal lab hours, there will be at least nine hours in which students will be required to work in the class laboratory to complete experiments and prepare for presentations. Prerequisites: BIEB 100 and 120. (BIEB 120 may be taken concurrently). (W,S)

BIEB 126. Plant Ecology (4)
This course begins with an introduction to plant population biology including whole-plant growth and physiology. We then focus on three classes of ecological interactions: plant-plant competition, plant-herbivore coevolution, and plant reproductive ecology including animal pollination and seed dispersal. Prerequisite: BILD 3. (W)

BIEB 130. Introductory Marine Ecology (4)
An introduction to the marine environment–its physics and chemistry, the organisms which live there, and the ecological processes affecting the distributions and abundances of these organisms. Prerequisites: BILD 3, high school physics, and chemistry. (F)

BIEB 140. Biodiversity (4)
An introduction to the patterns of geographic distribution and natural history of plants and animals living in terrestrial and marine ecosystems. We will explore: ecological and evolutionary processes responsible for generating and maintaining biological diversity; and the nature of extinction both in past and present ecosystem. Prerequisite: BILD 3. (S)

BIEB 150. Evolution (4)
Evolutionary processes are discussed in their genetic, historical, and ecological contexts. Microevolution, speciation, macroevolution, and the evolution of adaptations. Three hours of lecture and one hour of recitation. Prerequisite: BILD 3 or equivalent. (F)

BIEB 154. Molecular Evolution (4)
This course deals with the evolution of genes and the molecules they encode. The role of mutation, selection, and drift at the molecular level are discussed. Molecular phylogenies, jumping genes, viral evolution, and searches for molecular homologies are a few of the topics covered. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. Prerequisites: BIBC 102, BICD 100, and BIMM 100 recommended.

BIEB 156. Population Genetics (4)
The first two-thirds of the course will cover the basic theory of population genetics, including selection, genetic drift, mutation, and migration. The last one-third of the course provides an introduction to quantitative genetics, including measurements of heritability and selection. The theory is illustrated throughout with biological examples. Prerequisite: BICD 100. BIEB 100 is recommended. (F)

BIEB 164. Behavioral Ecology (4)
A survey of the patterns of social behavior in animals and a discussion of the ecological principles underlying the evolution of animal societies. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. Prerequisite: BILD 3 recommended. (W)

BIEB 165. Behavioral Ecology Laboratory (6)
This course will deal with quantitative methods for the study of animal social behaviors. Topics include spatial patterns, mating systems, and cooperation. The course includes both lab exercises and field trips. Two hours of lecture and eight hours of laboratory each week. In addition to the formal lab hours, there will be at least nine hours in which students will be required to work in the class laboratory to complete experiments and prepare for presentations. Prerequisites: BIEB 100 and BIEB 164. (BIEB 164 may be taken concurrently.) (S)

BIEB 166. Animal Communication (4)
An integrated approach to animal communication, including the physics and physiology of signals, optimal strategies for signalling and receiving, and the ecological and social contexts of signal evolution. Three hours of lecture and one hour of section. Prerequisite: BILD 3 recommended.

BIEB 167. Animal Communication Laboratory (6)
Laboratory exercises will introduce students to quantitative methods of visual, auditory, and olfactory signal analysis and to lab and field studies of animal signalling. Two hours of lecture and eight hours of laboratory each week. In addition to the formal lab hours, there will be at least nine hours in which students will be required to work in the class laboratory to complete experiments and prepare for presentations. Prerequisites: BIEB 100 and BIEB 166. (BIEB 166 may be taken concurrently.)

BIEB 170. Field Ecology (4)
Designed to instruct and demonstrate to students the value and approaches of experimental field research using hypothetico-deductive experimental approach. May be taken only as part of the White Mountain Research Supercourse. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. For more information, consult http://www.wmrs.edu

BIEB 171. Physiological Ecology (4)
An examination of the functional means by which animals and plants cope with their environments, the physiological limits that determine the boundary conditions of various ecological riches. Unifying principles that describe the regulatory features of all animals and plants are emphasized. May be taken only as part of the White Mountain Research Supercourse. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. For more information, consult http://www.wmrs.edu

BIEB 172. Applied Conservation Biology (4)
Designed to introduce students to the complexities, and realities, of natural resource exploitation and preservation, emphasizing the trade-offs between economic benefits and ecosystem stability and sustainability. May be taken only as part of the White Mountain Research Supercourse. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. For more information, consult http://www.wmrs.edu

BIEB 176. Conservation and the Human Predicament (4)
(Cross-listed with ANTH/BIO 132; however, biology majors must take the course as Biology 176.) An interdisciplinary discussion of the human predicament, the biodiversity crisis, and the importance of biological and environmental conservation in sustaining future societies. We explore the consequences of habitat destruction and species extinctions on the biosphere and human welfare. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. Prerequisite: upper-division standing and BILD 3 or consent of instructor. (S)

BIEB 178. Principles of Conservation Ecology (4)
Biodiversity will ultimately be preserved in "islands" of natural habitat. The principles of community ecology, island biogeography, and metropopulation dynamics will underlay the management decisions regarding the number, size, and locations of such reserves. Case studies are emphasized. Prerequisite: BIEB 120. (S)

BIEB 179. Conservation Biology Laboratory (6)
Students will utilize, modify, and create computer software to solve conservation biology management problems. Topics included are pedigree analysis, stochastic population dynamics, community structure, and island biogeography. Two hours of lecture and eight hours of laboratory each week. In addition to the formal lab hours, there will be at least seven hours in which students will be required to work in the class laboratory to complete experiments and prepare for presentations. Prerequisite: BIEB 178 or BIEB 180 (may be taken concurrently).

BIEB 180. Principle of Conservation Genetics (4)
Species preservation depends on the maintenance of genetic diversity, which involves many aspects of population bahavior. Inbreeding, heterozygosity loss, genetic divergence, and pedigree analysis are emphasized. Case studies involve zoo and reserve managment. (S)

Molecular Biology, Microbiology

BIMM 100. Molecular Biology (4)
Molecular basis of biological processes, emphasizing gene action in context of entire genome. Chromo-somes and DNA metabolism: chromatin, DNA replication, repair, mutation, recombination, transposition. Transcription, protein synthesis, regulation of gene activity. Procaryotes and eucaryotes Prerequisites: BIBC 100 or BIBC 102, BICD 100. (Note: Students may not receive credit for both BIMM 100 and Chem. 114C.)

BIMM 101. Recombinant DNA Techniques (4)
Theory and practice of DNA cloning. This course aims at providing practical knowledge in the field of genetic engineering. Techniques covered include construction of plasmid and phage DNA libraries, screening libraries for desired DNA clones by hybridization methods, plasmid and phage DNA preparation, and DNA sequencing. Two hours of lecture, one hour of discussion, and eight hours of laboratory. Prerequisite: BIMM 100. Attendance at the first lecture/lab is required. Non-attendance will result in the student's being dropped from the course roster. It is the student's responsibility to officially drop the course. Note: Students may not receive credit for both BIMM 101 and Chem. 112B. (F,W,S)

BIMM 103. Modern Techniques in Molecular Biology (4)
This course focuses upon a combined biochemical and molecular genetic approach to study current biological problems. Techniques include amplification of rare nucleic acids with the polymerase chain reaction, purification and characterization of a eukaryotic protein expressed in bacteria, in vitro mutagenesis of DNA. One hour of lecture and eleven hours of laboratory. Prerequisites: BIBC 103, BIMM 100. Attendance at the first lecture/lab is required. Non-attendance will result in the student's being dropped from the course roster. It is the student's responsibility to officially drop the course. (W)

BIMM 110. Molecular Basis of Disease (4)
An examination of the molecular basis of human diseases. Course emphasizes inherited human disorders, and some important diseases caused by viruses. Focus on the application of genetic, biochemical, and molecular biological principles to an understanding of the diseases. Three hours of lecture. Course restricted to upper-division biology majors. Prerequisites: BIMM 100 and BICD 100. (S)

BIMM 112. Regulation of Gene Activity in Eucaryotic Cells (4)
This course explores problems in the regulation of gene activity in eucaryotic cells approached at the molecular level. The course includes the organization, structure, transcription, and regulation of eucaryotic genes; mechanism of hormonal regulation in controlling gene activity; induction of gene expression in eucaryotic cells; role of signal transduction in controlling gene expression; and regulation of gene activity during differentiation in developing systems. Examples are taken from eucaryotic microorganisms, invertebrates, as well as mammalian and other vertebrate systems. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. Prerequisite: BIMM 100. (S)

BIMM 114. Virology (4)
An introduction to eucaryotic virology, with emphasis on animal virus systems. Topics discussed include the molecular structure of viruses; the multiplication strategies of the major virus families; and viral latency, persistence, and oncology. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. Prerequisite: BIMM 100. (S)

BIMM 120. Bacteriology (4)
A discussion of the structure, growth, molecular genetics, and physiology of procaryotic microorganisms, with emphasis on the diverse activities of bacteria and on the interaction of various bacterial species with their environment. Three hours of lecture and one hour recitation. Prerequisites: organic chemistry; BIBC 100 or BIBC 102 (may be taken concurrently). (F,W)

BIMM 121. Laboratory in Microbiology (4)
This course emphasizes fundamental principles of microbiology. Studies with bacteria include comparative morphology and physiology; pure culture techniques; bacterial growth; spore germination; and bacteriophage infection, replication, and release. Additional studies on antibiotics and the use of bioassays are included. One hour of demonstration and seven hours of laboratory. Prerequisites: BIMM 120, may be taken concurrently, and consent of instructor. Attendance at the first lecture/lab is required. Nonattendance will result in the student's being dropped from the course roster. It is the student's responsibility to officially drop the course at the Registrar's Office. (F,W,S)

BIMM 122. Microbial Genetics (4)
Organization and function of procaryotic genetic systems including sex factors, transduction, transformation, phage genetics, transposons, genetic engineering. Three hours of lecture. Prerequisites: BIMM 100, BICD 100, or consent of instructor. (W)

BIMM 124. Medical Microbiology (4)
This course covers basic principles and detailed aspects of microbial infectious diseases. Biochemical properties underlying microbial spread, host antimicrobial and inflammatory response, immunity, and recovery are emphasized. Emphasis is placed upon viral and bacterial diseases, including molecular principles of pathogenesis, of host immune responses, of drug resistance, and of viral and plasmid replication. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. Prerequisites: BIMM 100 and 120, BICD 140 is recommended. (S)

BIMM 126. Environmental Microbiology (4)
The role of microorganisms in environmental processes; fundamental aspects of Microbiology, interaction of microbes with plants, animals and other microbes, biogeochemical cycles, pollution, water quality, mineral recovery, biomass energy production, microbial control of pest and disease, genetic exchange. Prerequisites: BIBC 102 (may be taken concurrently), and BIMM 120 recommended or consent of instructor. (W)

BIMM 127. Environmental Microbiology Laboratory (4)
This course emphasizes advanced techniques and theory in environmental microbiology. Students will perform experiments concerning: (a) enrichment of diverse microbes, (b) microbial enumeration and identification, (c) metabolic and physiochemical adaptations, and (d) biotechnology, along with an independent project. Prerequisites: consent of instructor. (S)

BIMM 130. Microbial Physiology (4)
Prokaryotic microbial physiology will be discussed primarily from a biochemical standpoint with emphasis on mechanism. Topics will vary from year to year but will include the following themes: Central metabolism, bioenergetics, biosynthesis, regulation, differentiation, prokaryotic structure-function relationships. Prerequisites: BIBC 100 or BIBC 102 or equivalent. (S)

BIMM 132. Molecular Biology of Human Retroviruses (3)
Replication cycle and gene regulation of HIV. Molecular approaches to therapy and vaccines. Three hours of lecture. Prerequisite: BIMM 100. (S)

BIMM 134. Biology of Cancer (4)
This course covers basic processes of transformation and tumor formation in a two-part format. The first section is focused on molecular and cellular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. The second section discusses tumor pathology and metastasis. Open to upper-division students only. Prerequisites: BICD 110 and BIMM 100. (S)

BIMM 140. Introduction to Bioinformatics (4)
Introduction to basic methods used in bioinformatics and computational biology. Survey of methods used in computational analysis of DNA such as sequence assembly, sequence comparison, gene modeling, and sequence databases. Survey methods used in the computational analysis of protein sequences such as alignments, motif and pattern recognition, family classification, and protein structure prediction. Survey of organismic database methods. Emphasis is on a broad survey of current approaches with an introduction to statistical and computational techniques for analyzing, comparing, and validating methods. Prerequisites: BIBC 100 or 102, BIMM 100, and BICD 100. (BIMM 100 may be taken concurrently.) (S)

BIMM 141. Bioinformatics Laboratory (4)
Laboratory course giving hands-on exposure to topics covered in BIMM 140. Survey of methods used in computational analysis of DNA such as sequence assembly, sequence comparison, gene modeling, and sequence databases. Survey of methods used in the computational analysis of protein sequences such as alignments, motif and pattern recognition, family classification, and protein structure prediction. Prerequisites: BIBC 100 or 102, BIMM 100, BICD 100, and BIMM 140. (S)

BIMM 142. Advanced Bioinformatics (4)
Continuation of BIMM 140 emphasizing advanced topics in bioinformatics and computational biology. Emphasis is on computational approaches at the level needed to design and implement new approaches. Topics: computational and statistical approaches to computational biology including probablistic models, machine learning approaches, and using federated resources to develop integrated approaches to bioinformatic problems. Prerequisites: BIBC 100 or 102, BIMM 100, BICD 100, and BIMM 140.

BIMM 150. Post-Genomics Biology (2)
This course will focus on large-scale analysis of post-genomics biological systems. Students will be introduced to methods for analyzing changes in gene expression, identifying protein-protein interactions, screening for pathway inhibitors, characterizing multiprotein complexes, and probing protein localization and function. Prerequisites: BIMM 100, BICD 100.

Animal Physiology and Neuroscience

BIPN 100. Mammalian Physiology I (4)
This course introduces the concepts of physiological regulation, controlled and integrated by the nervous and endocrine systems. It then examines the muscular, cardiovascular, and renal systems in detail and considers their control through the interaction of nervous activity and hormones. Three hours of lecture and one hour of discussion. Prerequisites: BILD 1, 2, and BIBC 100 or 102. (F,W,S)

BIPN 102. Mammalian Physiology II (4)
This course completes a survey of organ systems begun in BIPN 100, by considering the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Consideration is then given to interactions of these systems in weight and temperature regulation, exercise physiology, stress, and pregnancy and reproduction. Three hours of lecture and one hour of section per week. Prerequisite: BILD 2. (F,W,S)

BIPN 105. Animal Physiology Lab (6)
Experiments are performed on membrane physiology; nerve muscle function; cardiovascular physiology; respiratory, gastrointestinal and renal physiology. Subjects include experimental animals and humans. Prerequisite: BIPN 100. (Students who have received credit for Biol. 152 or 154 may not receive credit for BIPN 105.) Three hours of lecture and ten hours of laboratory each week. In addition to the formal lab hours, there will be at least eight hours in which students will be required to work in the class laboratory to complete experiments and prepare for presentations. Attendance at the first lecture/lab is required. Non-attendance will result in the student's being dropped from the course roster. It is the student's responsibility to officially drop the course. (F,W,S)

BIPN 106. Comparative Physiology (4)
This course examines the physiological adaptation of animals, invertebrates and vertebrates, to their particular environmental and behavioral niches. Structural, functional, and molecular adaptions of the basic organ systems are discussed. Prerequisites: BILD 2, Chem. 6A-B-C or Chem. 7A-B-C. BILD 3 is recommended.

BIPN 140. Cellular Neurobiology (4)
This course covers the biophysics of the resting and active membranes of nerve cells. It also covers the mechanisms of sensory transduction and neuromodulation, as well as the molecular basis of nerve cell function. Prerequisites: BILD 1, 2; BIBC 100 or 102 recommended. (F)

BIPN 142. Systems Neurobiology (4)
This course covers integrated networks of nerve cells, including simple circuits like those involved in spinal reflexes. We will study how information and motor output is integrated and processed in the brain. We will also discuss higher-level neural processing. Prerequisites: BILD 1, 2, and BIBC 100 or 102. (W)

BIPN 144. Developmental Neurobiology (4)
Cellular and molecular basis of cell determination, neurite outgrowth, specificity, synaptogenesis, and cell death in the brain. Prerequisites: BILD 1, 2, and BIBC 100 or 102. BICD 100, BIPN 142 recommended. (S)

BIPN 145. Neurobiology Laboratory (4)
Basic principles of nerve and muscle physiology will be taught through weekly exercises and individual projects. One hour of lecture and nine hours of laboratory each week. Prerequisite: BIPN 140 or BIPN 142 or BIPN 146 (may be taken concurrently). (F)

BIPN 146. Computational Neurobiology (4)
An exploration of computational brain models, including biophysical models of single neurons, small neural circuits, and larger scale network models. Prerequisite: BILD 12 or BIPN 140 or Psych. 106 or Cog. Sci. 107 recommended. (S)

Special Courses

BISP 190. Advanced Biology Seminars for Seniors (2)
Experts in diverse areas of biology from major universities in the U.S. and abroad will describe current research activities being conducted in their laboratories. Relevant readings will be assigned. P/NP grades only. Prerequisites: seniors only; concurrent enrollment in BISP 199 or consent of instructor. (F,W,S)

BISP 195. Introduction to Teaching in Biology (4)
Introduction to the teaching of the basic course in biology. A student under the direction of the instructor of the course is assigned one class section and will meet one time per week with the section. A student is required to attend the course lecture and meet with the instructor of the course at least one time per week. Limited to upper-division students who have a B average or higher. Three hours' lecture. (P/NP grades only.) Prerequisites: consent of instructor and approval of department chair. (Note: Applications for a BISP 195 are to be submitted to the Division of Biology by the end of the sixth week of the quarter preceding the quarter in which the BISP 195 will be completed.) (F,W,S) This course may be counted as one of the upper-division electives for a biology major.

BISP 196. Honors Thesis in Biology (4)
Senior thesis research program. Research is conducted under the supervision of a biology faculty member. This one-year program is taken in addition to the major requirements for graduation. Upon satisfactory completion of the program, students will receive "Distinction in Biology" on their transcripts. Prerequisites: senior standing, 3.7 GPA or above; prior selection for the program by a faculty member and approval by program coordinator. A department stamp will be used to monitor during registration. (F,W,S)

BISP 197. Biology Internship Program (4)
Under the joint supervision of a biology faculty adviser and a selected industry mentor, the student will conduct independent research on a problem in an industrial biotech laboratory. The student will gain insight into industry research and practical biotech experience. Prerequisites: BIBC 103 or BIMM 101, BIBC 102, BICD 100, BIMM 100, overall GPA 3.0, and consent of the biology faculty coordinator.

BISP 199. Independent Study for Undergraduates (4)
Independent reading or research on a problem by special arrangement with a faculty member. (P/NP grades only.) Prerequisites: overall UCSD GPA of at least 3.0, minimum of ninety units, consent of instructor, and approval by division chair. (Note: Applications for a BISP 199 must be submitted to, and approved by, the Division of Biology prior to the eighth week of the quarter preceding the quarter in which the BISP 199 will be completed.) (F,W,S) This course may be counted as one of the upper-division electives for a biology major, providing that no other special studies courses have already been counted toward the major.

Graduate

BGGN 204. Topics in Community and PopulationEcology (3)
This course teaches a different topic each quarter on the theoretical or conceptual side of community and population ecology. Students will read materials in depth, attend weekly discussions, and explore theories and models with statistical, analytical, and algorithmic tools of the trade. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. (S/U grades only) (Quarter offered varies and course is not offered every year.)

BGGN 206. Topics in Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry (4)
Selection of topics of current interest. Examples: primary processes of photosynthesis; membrane biophysics; applications of physical methods to problems in biology and chemistry, e.g., magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, fluctuation spectroscopy, optical techniques (fluorescence, optical rotary dispersion, circular dichroism). Topics may vary from year to year. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. (S/U grades permitted.) This course is cross-listed with Physics 206 and Chemistry 206. (W)

BGGN 212. Special Topics in Microbiology (3)
Recent developments in prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial research. Topics vary from year to year but may include the following subjects: the molecular basis of (a) sex determination, expression, and interconversion; (b) differentiation, morphogenesis, and programmed death; (c) transcriptional and metabolic regulation; and (d) chemical macromolecular and energy-mediated reception, transmission, and response processes. The main thesis of the course is that examples of complex regulatory phenomena in higher organisms can be found in single celled organisms. This course is open to enrollment by undergraduates. Prerequisites: BIBC 102 and BICD 100. (S/U grades permitted.)

BGGN 213. Topics in Conservation Biology (3)
Provides in depth coverage of topics in population genetics and ecology, community ecology, biogeography, human ecology, and ecosystem management relevant to conservation biology. Topics vary from year to year and have included pedigree analysis, inbreeding depression, minimum viable population size, problems of overabundance, fragmented populations, key-stone species, in-situ and ex-situ conservation techniques. One two-hour meeting weekly. Prerequisite: graduate standing or consent of instructor. (S/U/ grades only.) (S)

BGGN 214. Workshop in Behavioral Ecology (3)
Hands-on experience in the analysis, modeling, and testing of hypothesis in behavioral ecology. Weekly group discussions and out-of-class projects will focus on a different theme (e.g., sexual selection, quantitative genetics, game theory, etc.) each year. Prerequisite: open to qualified undergraduates and graduate students with consent of instructor. (S/U grades only.) (Quarter offered varies and course is not offered every year.)

BGGN 218. Post-Genomics Biology (2)
This course will focus on large-scale analysis of post-genomics biological systems. Students will be introduced to methods for analyzing changes in gene expression, identifying protein-protein interactions, screening for pathway inhibitors, characterizing multiprotein complexes, and probing protein localization and function.

BGGN 219. Classic Papers in Genetics (3)
The course explores, through classic papers, how genetic approaches in the distant and near past have opened up novel areas of biology. The goal of the course is to teach students the type of approach that allowed these researchers to break out of old paradigms and form new ones of their own based on genetic pathfinding. (W)

BGGN 220. Advanced Molecular Biology (6)
Provides a broad, advanced-level coverage of modern molecular biology for first-year graduate students. Topics include prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene structure and regulation, chromatin structure, DNA replication, translation, mechanisms of transcription, and an introduction to viruses. OPEN ONLY TO STUDENTS ENROLLED IN A GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAM. (Letter grades only.) (F)

BGGN 221. Advanced Protein Biochemistry (3)
Topics include general aspects of protein structure and biochemical approaches to the isolation and study of proteins. This course also covers the relationship between the structure and function of selected proteins. Detailed discussion of modern biophysical methods to study protein-protein interactions will be included. BGGN 220 is a co-requisite. OPEN ONLY TO STUDENTS ENROLLED IN A GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAM. (Letter grades only.) Corequisite: BGGN 220. (F)

BGGN 222. Advanced Cell Biology (6)
A coverage of modern cell biology for first year graduate students. There is an up-to-date discussion of topics such as: structure and function of membranes; ion pumps, ion channels, transmembrane signalling; receptor mediated endocytosis; protein targeting; the role of RER and Golgi apparatus; the biosynthesis of intracellular organelles in animal and plant cells; the cytoskeleton, motility, molecular motors, cell-cell interactions, mitosis; and the control of cell division. Also included are extensive coverage of cell signalling mechanisms and discussions on molecular approaches to cell biology. Prerequisites: BGGN 220 and 221. OPEN ONLY TO STUDENTS ENROLLED IN A GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAM. (Letter grades only.) (W)

BGGN 223. Advanced Genetics (6)
Provides a broad and extensive advanced-level coverage of molecular and formal aspects of genetics for first-year graduate students. Topics covered include: bacterial genetics, recombination in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, mammalian somatic-cell genetics, developmental genetics, sex determination, dosage compensation, and immunogenetics. Extensive coverage of the use of model systems like Drosophila and C. elegans is included. General and specific aspects of cellular signalling mechanisms will be covered. Prerequisites: BGGN 220, 221 and 222. OPEN ONLY TO STUDENTS ENROLLED IN A GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAM. (Letter grades only.) (S)

BGGN 224. Advanced Neurobiology (3)
Course covers modern molecular, cellular, developmental, and physiological aspects of neurobiology. Extensive discussion of original research articles will be included. Prerequisites: BGGN 220 and 221. OPEN ONLY TO STUDENTS ENROLLED IN A GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAM. (Letter grades only.) (F)

BGGN 225. Advanced Immunology (3)
The course is devoted to immunology and is organized as a combined lecture-tutorial course stressing classical as well as current literature. Each week will compose an independent section. Topics will include cellular interactions involved in the immune response and the molecular biology unique to lymphoid factor and receptors. Prerequisites: BGGN 220 and 221. OPEN ONLY TO STUDENTS ENROLLED IN A GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAM. (Letter grades only.) (S)

BGGN 226. Advanced Animal Virology (3)
This course consists of a review of fundamental concepts together with an in-depth analysis of the structure, genetics, multiplication and oncogenicity of animal viruses. Particular emphasis will be given to the DNA and RNA tumor viruses. The format of this section includes lectures and discussion of selected papers. Prerequisites: BGGN 220 and 221. OPEN ONLY TO STUDENTS ENROLLED IN A GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAM. (Letter grades only.) (W)

BGGN 227. Advanced Topics in Plant Biology (3)
This course covers advanced topics in plant biology in the areas of molecular genetic developmental, and physiological biology. We will discuss plant-microbe interactions, transposable elements, protein trafficking, ion transport, and organ development. The format of this section includes lectures and discussion of selected papers. Prerequisites: BGGN 220, 221, and 222. OPEN ONLY TO STUDENTS ENROLLED IN A GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAM. (Letter grades only.) (W)

BGGN 228. Advanced Developmental Biology (3)
This course covers graduate level lectures on developmental biology, emphasizing the use of genetically tractable model systems. Discussion of recent research articles is an integral aspect of this course. Students are introduced to classical experiments and given detailed coverage of recent fundamental findings in developmental biology. Prerequisites: BGGN 220 and 221. (Letter grades only.) (S)

BGGN 229. Advanced Oncogenes (3)
This course provides detailed coverage of the cellular and molecular basis of cellular transformation and oncogenesis. There will be extensive discussion on the role of oncogenes and their cellular counterparts. The course also provides in-depth analysis of intracellular signal transduction mechanisms. Prerequisites: BGGN 220, 221, and 222. (Letter grades only.) (S)

BGGN 230. Signal Transduction (3)
The course will introduce students to a variety of signal transduction pathways and their function in the regulation of cellular processes. Special emphasis will be given to signaling cascades regulating immunological responses and alterations of signaling pathways during oncogenesis. (W)

BGGN 232. Human Retrovirology (3)
This course consists of both lectures and journal reviews on replication, genetic regulation and pathogenesis of HIV and TLV, and on recent developments of vaccine and therapy against AIDS. Open to upper-
division students with consent of instructor. Prerequisite: BIMM 100 or equivalent. (S/U grades only) (S)

BGGN 233. Cellular Immunology (3)
This course covers the molecular and cellular events in the humoral and cellular response to antigen, transplantation biology, the structure and function of the major histocompatibility gene complex, the T-cell receptor, lymphokines, and the induction of immunological tolerance. It serves as the second course in a two-part sequence. May be taken by undergraduates who have taken Part 1 (BICD 140) and by graduate students (S/U grades only.) (Quarter offered varies and course is not offered every year.)

BGGN 235. Biology and Biochemistry of Cancer Cells (2)
This course covers recent advances in cell biology, biochemistry, immunology, and virology as they relate to cancer cells and their interaction with the host. Cancer research specialists from outside will be brought in to discuss the most recent evidence and interpretations in key areas of cancer research. This course meets two hours per week for lecture and discussion. It will be at an advanced graduate level but open to a limited number of seniors (with permission of instructor) on a P/NP basis. (S/U grades only) (Quarter offered varies, and course is not offered every year.)

BGGN 236. Essentials of Glycobiology (2)
Molecular glycobiology encompasses studies of the structure, biosynthesis, and biological roles of oligosaccharide units on glycoconjugates. This course provides an overview of this rapidly evolving field with an emphasis on the glycoconjugates of eukaryotic organisms in the animal kingdom. (S/U grades only.) (S) This course is cross-listed with Medicine 222.

BGGN 240. Cellular Neurobiology (2)
Students read classic and modern papers that form the basis of the undergraduate lectures (BIPN 240), which they are encouraged to attend. These papers are presented by the students at weekly discussion sessions. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. (S/U grades only.) (F)

BGGN 241. Neurobiology Seminar (3)
Presentation of current research by local and visiting neurobiologists. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGGN 242. Systems Neurobiology (2)
Students read classic and modern papers that form the basis of the undergraduate lectures (BIPN 142), which they are encouraged to attend. These papers are presented by the students at weekly discussion sessions. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. (S/U grades only.) (W)

BGGN 244. Molecular/Developmental Neurobiology (2)
Students read classic and modern papers that form the basis of the undergraduate lectures (BIPN 144), which they are encouraged to attend. These papers are presented by the students at weekly discussion sessions. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. (S/U grades only.) (S)

BGGN 246. Systems Neurophysiology (3)
Ways in which neurons are assembled into circuits to achieve perception and patterned movement. (S/U grades only.) (S)

BGGN 249A-B-C. Basic Neuroscience (4-4-4)
These courses are designed for graduate students in the neurosciences and other departments that are part of the interdisciplinary program (i.e., Biology, Cog. Sci.). These courses have been designed to cover as much basic neuroscience as possible in three quarters of study. They will combine two three-hour meetings each week with a 1.5 hour lecture and a 1.5 hour discussion of papers. These are required courses for all first-year neurosciences graduate students. Prerequisite: graduate student or consent of instructor. (F,W,S)

BGGN 251. Molecular Biology (3)
The first section of this course consists of a review of fundamental concepts in molecular biology together with an in-depth analysis of molecular biological topics of medical importance. The second section covers the structure, genetics, and multiplication of animal viruses, with particular emphasis on the DNA and RNA tumor viruses. Other subjects discussed include viral persistence, latency, and approaches to viral chemotherapy. Three hours of lecture. Prerequisite: biochemistry. (Not open to undergraduates.) (S/U grades only) (F)

BGGN 252. Genetics (3)
Human genetics, with emphasis on basic principles. Topics covered include chromosome abnormalities, the mechanisms of dominant and recessive diseases, pedigree analysis, ascertainment of linkage, the interaction of genotype with diseases. Mechanisms of maintaining genetic diversity in human populations will be discussed along with recent approaches to genetic counseling and intervention. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. (Not open to undergraduates.) (S/U grades only) (F)

BGGN 253. Immunology (3)
Graduate students will explore topics in specialized areas of immunochemistry and cellular immunology, antigenic and molecular structure of immunoglobulin molecules; antigenantibody interactions; cellular events in the humoral and cellular immune responses; translation immunology. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. The course is similar in content to BICD 140 but is accelerated in pace. (S/U grades permitted.) This course is cross-listed with Chemistry 217.(F)

BGGN 254. Cell and Membrane Physiology (3)
This course is a survey covering current subjects in membrane biology relevant to medicine. Subjects are: 1) membrane isolation, composition, and structure; 2) consequences of membrane fluidity (mode of action of anesthetics, intercellular communication, eso- and endo-cytosis biogenesis); 3) sensory perception and response (chemo- and energy reception, cellular neurophysiology, muscle; physiology); 4) regulation of membrane function (hormone reception, intercellular adhesion, neoplastic transformation). Prerequisites: biochemistry and genetics. (S/U grades only)

BGGN 255. Clinical Correlates (2)
Clinical correlates stresss the close ties between clinical medicine and basic science and the two-way interactions among practicing doctors and research scientists. Most sessions start with the presentation of a clinical case by an attending practitioner and an analysis by the clinician of the basic principles demonstrated by each case. There will follow an extended period of open discussion between basic scientists, clinicians, and students. Prerequisites: graduate students only, BGGN 251, 252, 253, 254 to be taken simultaneously. (S/U grades only.) This course is cross-listed with Chemistry 277. (F)

BGGN 271. Advanced Experimental Methods in Biology (4-12)
Advanced laboratory and/or field experience in contemporary biological methodology. Open only to students enrolled in the integrated Bachelor's/Master's Degree Program. Prerequisites: consent of instructor and approval of division chair. (F,W,S) (Undergraduate students: P/NP only. Graduate students: letter grades only.)

BGGN 297. Research Conference (1-3)
Group and individual discussion of research activities and of current literature. Prerequisite: graduate standing. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGGN 298. Laboratory Projects in Biology (3-12)
An introduction to contemporary laboratory techniques and research interests through independent, original projects under the direction of individual faculty members. Prerequisite: consent of instructor. (Letter grades only) (F,W,S)

BGGN 299. Thesis Research in Biology (1-12)
(F,W,S)

BGGN 500. Apprentice Teaching (4)
This course involves participation in upper-division undergraduate teaching at the level of assuming responsibility for recitation sections or laboratories under the supervision of the responsible faculty member. Some experience in lecturing to upper-division classes will occasionally be provided. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGJC 201. Journal Club in Cell Biology (1)
Weekly presentations and discussions pertaining to research results reported in recently published literature. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Under-graduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGJC 202. Journal Club in Developmental Biology (1)
Weekly presentations and discussions pertaining to research results reported in recently published literature. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Under-graduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (Quarter offered is varies, and course is not offered every year.)

BGJC 203. Journal Club in HIV Molecular Biology (1)
Weekly presentations and discussions pertaining to research results reported in recently published literature. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Under-graduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGJC 204. Journal Club in Molecular and Cellular Immunology (1)
Weekly presentations and discussions pertaining to research results reported in recently published literature. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Under-graduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGJC 205. Journal Club in Cellular Immunology (1)
Weekly presentations and discussions pertaining to research results reported in recently published literature. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Under-graduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGJC 206. Journal Club in Microbial Physiology (1)
Weekly presentations and discussions pertaining to research results reported in recently published literature. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Under-graduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (S)

BGJC 207. Journal Club in Neurobiology (1)
Weekly presentations and discussions pertaining to research results reported in recently published literature. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Under-graduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGJC 208. Journal Club in Plant Molecular Biology (1)
Weekly presentations and discussions pertaining to research results reported in recently published literature. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Under-graduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGJC 209. Journal Club in Molecular and Cellular Regulation in Biology (1)
Weekly presentations and discussions pertaining to research results reported in recently published literature. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Under-graduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGJC 210. Journal Club in Cell Cycle Regulation (1)
Weekly presentations and discussions pertaining to research results reported in recently published literature. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Under-graduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGJC 211. Journal Club in Molecular Immunology (1)
Weekly presentations and discussions pertaining to research results reported in recently published literature. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Under-graduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGJC 212. Journal Club in Genetics (1)
Weekly presentations and discussions pertaining to research results reported in recently published literature. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Under-graduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGRD 202. Research Discussion in Early Amphibian Neurogenesis (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Under-graduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 203. Research Discussion in Development of Dictyostelium (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Under-graduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 204. Molecular Biology of the Cell (1)
Research reports and discussions based on recent experimental results in cell biology, oncogenesis, genetics, molecular biology and development. Stu-dents are expected to present and discuss their own new data and the recent data of others. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 205. Research Discussion in Plant Membrane Biology (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Under-graduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 206. Research Discussion in Metals in Biology (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Under-graduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 207. Research Discussion in Neuronal Pattern Generation (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Under-graduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 208. Research Discussion in Mammalian Molecular Biology (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 209. Research Discussion in AIDS (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Under-graduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 210. Research Discussion in Virology (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Under-graduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 211. Research Discussion in Developmental Cellular Neurobiology (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Under-graduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 212. Research Discussion in Behavior and Development of Simple Nervous Systems (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Under-graduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 213. Research Discussion in Golgi Structure and Function (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 214. Research Discussion in Development and Function of the Immune System (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 215. Research Discussion in Lymphocyte Biology (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 216. Research Discussion in Molecular and Cell Biology (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 217. Research Discussion in Plant Membranes and Organelles (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 218. Research Discussion in Plant Molecular Genetics (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 219. Research Discussion in MolecularBiophysics (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 220. Research Discussion in Advanced Evolutionary Biology (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 221. Research Discussion in Behavioral Ecology (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 222. Research Discussion in Evolutionary Molecular Ecology (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 223. Research Discussion in Ecology (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 224. Research Discussion in Plant Population Biology (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 225. Research Discussion in Genetic Variation (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 226. Research Discussion in Conservation Genetics (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 227. Research Discussion in Intracellular Signalling (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 228. Research Discussion in Drosophila Developmental Biology (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 229. Research Discussion in Drosophila Neurobiology (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 230. Research Discussion in Cell Signalling Pathways (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 231. Research Discussion in Nuclear Transport and Function (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 232. Research Discussion in Chromatin and Transcription Regulation (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 233. Research Discussion in Cell Cycle Motility (1)
Presentations of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGRD 234. Research Discussion in Cell Signalling in Drosophila (3)
Presentation of new research results and discussions of closely related published reports. All students are expected to report on their own research findings each quarter. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGSE 200. Seminar in Biology (1)
Invited speakers from the U.S. and abroad, who are leaders in various aspects of biological research, describe their current research. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGSE 201. Seminar in Molecular Biology (1)
Invited speakers from the U.S. and abroad, who are leaders in various aspects of biological research, describe their current research. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGSE 202. Seminar in Immunology (1)
Invited speakers from the U.S. and abroad, who are leaders in various aspects of biological research, describe their current research. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)

BGSE 203. Seminar in Population Biology (1)
Invited speakers from the U.S. and abroad, who are leaders in various aspects of biological research, describe their current research. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.)

BGSE 204. Seminar in Developmental Genetics (1)
Invited speakers from the U.S. and abroad, who are leaders in various aspects of biological research, describe their current research. Prerequisites: none for graduate students. Undergraduates must be seniors or enrolled in BISP 199. (S/U grades only.) (F,W,S)